Ukugonywa ngokumelene nomkhuhlane 2017-2018 kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokulondoloza impilo nenhlalakahle ngenkathi ebandayo, njengoba ukuphakama "kokufutheka" kwalesi sifo kulindeleke maduzane, ekuqaleni kwasebusika. Ngenkathi kusekhona isikhathi sokuvikela umzimba wakho ekutheleleni, ukucabanga ngokugoma kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abane-immunity ebuthakathaka.
Luhlobo luni lomkhuhlane kulindeleke ngo-2017-2018?
Ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-influenza 2017-2018, ezasakazwa kuleli hlobo e-Southern Hemisphere, zizosebenza ensimini yezwe lethu:
- H1N1 - "Michigan". Lolu uhlobo olusha lwe- "ingulube" eyaziwayo kakade uhlobo lwe-A, ukuqubuka kokuqala kokutheleleka kubhalwe emuva ngo-2009. NgoJanuwari-Ephreli 2016, amacala okwenzeka kulo mkhuhlane ayatholakala futhi ensimini yeRussia. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu bafa ngesifo kanye nezinkinga zayo. Lolu hlobo, oluthinta abantu nezilwane, lubhekene nenkambo enzima kanye noshintsho olusheshayo lwezakhi zofuzo.
- H3N2 - "Hong Kong" . Ngalesi sifo se-influenza ye-type A, abantu "bahlangana" ekude kakhulu no-1968, lapho izakhamuzi zaseHong Kong zitheleleka kakhulu, futhi kwafa inani elikhulu lokufa. Isizathu sokusakazeka kwalesi sifo sabizwa ngokuthi izinyoni ezifudukayo, ngenxa yalokho okuthiwa "inyoni". Phakathi nonyaka ka-2012-2013, inani eliphezulu lokufa kwabantu lirekhodiwe ngenxa yegciwane eliguquguqukayo. Ngonyaka odlule, leli gciwane liphinde lasakazwa ezweni lakithi, ngakho-ke ingxenye yabantu isivele ikhulele kuyo.
- Brisbane. Okokuqala kutholakala e-Australia ngo-2008, lolu hlobo lwe-B lubhekene nezinga eliphansi lokuguqulwa komzimba kanye nokuqhuma kwendawo, ngakho kubhekwa njengokungacabangi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunengozi yezinkinga phakathi kwalabo abathintekayo ngeBrisbane, futhi, ngenxa yokubukeka kwamuva, ucwaningo oluncane, futhi leli gciwane libeka ingozi kubantu.
Ingabe kufanele ngithole ukuqhuma komkhuhlane?
Ukugonywa kuyindlela enkulu yokuvimbela ukulwa nokutheleleka komkhuhlane, okuhlinzekela ukwethulwa kwansuku zonke kwemigomo. Ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma, umzimba emva kwesikhathi uqala ukwakha amakhemikhali okuzivikela emithonjeni ethile yomkhuhlane, umphumela wawo uhlala cishe unyaka. Ngisho noma ukutheleleka ngemuva kokugoma kwenzeka (ngoba umuthi awukwazi ukunikeza isiqinisekiso esiphelele), leso sifo sinomnene.
Naphezu kwalokhu, abantu abaningi abaqondi ukuthi ukuguquka komkhuhlane kuyadingeka. Njengoba ingenalo ohlwini oluphoqelekile, umuntu ngamunye unquma ukuthi uyongena yini egonyeni noma cha. Odokotela banikeza izincomo kuphela, futhi, ngokusho kwabo abaningi, umgomo wokulwa nomkhuhlane 2017-2018 kuyisidingo kubo bonke abadala nabantwana, kusukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala.
Ukugonywa ngokumelene nomkhuhlane we-2017-2018 - imiphumela emibi
Njengomuthi wokugoma, ukugoma ngokumelene nomkhuhlane we-2018 kuhloswe ngengozini yokuphendula okungalungile, kodwa lokhu kungenzeka kuncane kakhulu. Iningi labantu abathola umjovo ophezulu wokugoma ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho, ukubekezelela inqubo efanele. Kwezinye izimo, ukusabela kwendawo kungase kwenzeke: ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, ukuvutha okuncane nokukhathala. Ngaphansi kancane kwezigulane kunomkhuhlane wesikhashana, i-malaise ejwayelekile, ukusabela okweqile . Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ukusabela ngenhla kudlula ngaphandle kokulandelela.
Ukugonywa ngokumelene nomkhuhlane we-2017-2018 - imiphumela
Kwezinye izimo, ukugoma komkhuhlane kubhekene nezinkinga ezinzima - ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa, ukusabela okubi kakhulu, izinqubo ezithathelwanayo endaweni yokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa njalonjalo. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yamaphutha abasebenzi bezokwelapha abathintekayo kulo mcimbi, bengayinaki imingcele yomjovo, isitoreji esingalungile kanye nokuthuthwa kwemigomo.
Ukugonywa kwe-Influenza yezingane - wenza noma cha?
Odokotela bezingane zanamuhla kanye nama-immunologists bafuna ukugoma izingane eziseneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala. Umgomo wokugoma i-infilenza kubalulekile ikakhulu kulabo abavakashela izikhungo zezingane, bavakashela njalo izindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu (ezokuthutha zasemadolobheni, polyclinics, izikhungo zokuthenga) kanye nezingane zasenkulisa, ingozi yokuba nezinkinga eziyingozi kusukela ekukhuselweni komkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu ngenxa yokungapheleli kokuvikelwa komzimba. Ukugoma kwe-Influenza yezingane, kuye ngokuthi kuneminyaka yobudala, kufakwe kabili ngekhefu lamaviki angu-4 noma kanye.
Ukugoma ngokumelene nomkhuhlane kumama abakhulelwe - wenza noma cha?
Ngokusho odokotela, umgomo wokulwa nomkhuhlane we-2017-2018 ukhulelwe uphephile futhi uboniswa nganoma isiphi isikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ucwaningo oluningi lubonisa ukuthi izidakamizwa eziphakeme kakhulu zokulwa nomkhuhlane azikwazi ukuthonya inkambo yokukhulelwa nokuthuthukiswa komntwana, kuyilapho ekugcineni kuvikela umama nengane esikhathini esizayo emiphumeleni emibi ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-influenza kule nkathi kuhlanganisa. Ukugoma komkhuhlane wabesifazane abakhulelwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kosana ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kusukela ekuzalweni.
Ukugonywa ngokumelene nomkhuhlane 2017-2018 - nini okufanele uyenze?
Imithi yokugoma i-Antifungal kufanele ilandelwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yemfuluwenza, kucatshangelwa isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane okuzivikela emzimbeni (amasonto amabili kuya kwamane). Kunconywa ukuthi uqale ukugoma kakade ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, kodwa akukafiki isikhathi sokusebenzisa umgomo wokulwa nomkhuhlane 2017-2018 noNovemba-Disemba, ngoba ukuqhuma okuqhakazile kunqunywa ochwepheshe ngenyanga yesibili ebusika.
Ukugonywa ngokumelene nomkhuhlane - izinkomba nokuphikisana
Izinkomba zokugoma ngokutheleleka kwe-influenza ziningi - ukugonywa kunconywa cishe bonke abantu. Kulesi simo, inqubo idinga ukuhlolwa kukadokotela nokuxilongwa komzimba ukuze kutholakale ukuphikiswa okukodwa noma okuqhubekayo. Ukugonywa ngokumelene nomkhuhlane we-2017-2018 ukuphikisana kwemvelo yesikhashana kunalokhu okulandelayo:
- ukukhushulwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo;
- isifo esithathelwanayo esinomkhuhlane nomkhuhlane;
- Izinguquko zamuva ezimweni zezulu (ezihlobene nokuhamba emazweni akude).
Ake sibhale ukuthi yiziphi izinqunquthela ezitholakalayo zokugoma komkhuhlane:
- ukungezwani komzimba ezingxenyeni ze-agent ejojelwe (ama-preservatives, amaprotheni);
- ngaphambilini kubonakaliswe izinkinga ezimbi emva kwesikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenqaba ukugoma kungenxa yezizathu ezithile ezisekelwe ochwepheshe ngabanye. Ngokuqondene neziguli ezinconywa ukuba zigonywe ngokumelene nomkhuhlane kuqala, zifaka abantu abavikelekile ekuzivikelweni kwabo:
- abantu asebekhulile;
- izingane ezincane;
- iziguli ezinezifo ezingelapheki (isifo sikashukela, ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo, izifo zegazi, i-immunodeficiency, i-inflammatory bronchial).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugoma kulandela abantu abanikezwa umsebenzi wokuxhumana njalo nabantu abaningi:
- othisha, othisha, othisha;
- abasebenzi bezokuthutha;
- odokotela;
- abafundi;
- izingane zesikole njalonjalo.
Umgomo wokulwa nomkhuhlane 2017-2018 - okungcono?
Njalo ngonyaka imboni yezokwelapha ikhiqiza yonke imishanguzo emisha ye-influenza, iqaphe ukujikelezwa kwezinambuzane phakathi kwabantu kanye nokubikezela umsebenzi wezinkinga ezithile esikhathini esizayo esihlalweni esisodwa nesesibili. Umgomo wokugoma ungaba yinye yezinhlobo ezine:
- Hlela amalungiselelo aqukethe ama-virus abuthakathaka (alawulwa yi-intranasally);
- imishanguzo ephelele ye-virion equkethe amagciwane angasebenzi;
- Hlaza imishanguzo yokuhlukanisa, equkethe izingxenye zamaphrotheni ezinamagciwane;
- I-subunit vaccines equkethe ama-antigen ama-surface angama-surface adingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ingculazi.
Amalungiselelo e-intranasal aphile futhi aphikisana nawo wonke ama-sprays, asetshenziswe eminyakeni edlule, abonise ukungasebenzi kwawo, yingakho lesi sizini singasetshenzisiwe. Okuphephile kakhulu futhi okuphumelelayo manje kunemigomo ye-subunit elungiselelwe emibungu yezinkukhu noma esitokisini. Lezi zidakamizwa zibonakala ngezinga eliphakeme lokuhlanzwa, i-reactogenicity ephansi.
Umgomo wokugoma i-Influenza - ukwakheka
Umgomo wokugoma olwa nomkhuhlane, ophikisana nabesifazane abakhulelwe nabantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, akusetshenzisiwe kule nkathi. Ukugonywa ngokumelene nomkhuhlane we-2017-2018 ungenye yezinhlobo ezimbili zemigomo:
- i-trivalent - equkethe izinhlobo ezintathu zegciwane ezizojikeleza ensimini yethu ("Michigan", "Brisbane", "Hong Kong");
- i-tetravalent - kuhlanganise nokubunjwa kwayo, ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu, uhlobo oluyingozi lwehlobo B - Phuket.
Ukugonywa ngokumelene nomkhuhlane 2017-2018 - igama
Uma ukhetha umuthi wokugoma we-influenza kumele uqondiswe yizincomo zikadokotela, ngoba izidakamizwa ezahlukene zibhekene nokugxilwa okuhlukene kwezingxenye futhi zibe nokunye umehluko. Ngokwesiko, imikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu ibhekwa njengabakhiqizi bezinye izizwe, kodwa imishanguzo yanamuhla yokufuya ayifuni ngemuva kwalokhu. Sibiza imishanguzo emihle yokulwa nomkhuhlane 2017-2018:
- I-Vaxigrip (e-France);
- I-Influvac (Netherlands);
- I-Fluarix (i-Russia);
- I-Sovigripp (i-Russia);
- I-Grippol, i-Grippol Plus (i-Russia);
- I-Inflexal (Switzerland);
- U-Agrippal (Italy);
- I-Begrivac (eJalimane).