Amapiramidi yikhadi elivakashelayo laseGibhithe. Ubufakazi bokuthi imibhoshongo yaseGibhithe yasendulo yakhiwa ngabafokazi, babesabeka ...
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi izazi-mlando zibhekwa ngokungenakuqondakala ukuthi imipiramidi iyindawo yokungcwatshwa kwamaharahara, kanti nanoma iyiphi enye inguqulo yanikezwa njengengavumelani nesayensi. Kodwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, indlela yokutadisha amapiramidi ishintshile: kwakungenzeka ukuthola amaqiniso angalindelekile ngabo, ukushintsha imibono endala mayelana nalezi zikhumbuzo ezimangalisayo zokwakha. Namuhla ngisho nesayensi esemthethweni ayiphiki ukuthi imibhoshongo yenze leyo misebenzi, yimuphi ubuchwepheshe besimanje onomqondo oseduze ...
Yini ababonwayo bokuzibonela abashoyo ngemipiramidi?
Ukuxoxisana kwanoma yiziphi izakhiwo zenkolo kwakuyinto efana neyesikhathi esidala: inguqulo esemthethweni yokwanelisa intshisekelo yezigqila eGibhithe lasendulo okuthiwa ukudala izindlu zokungcwaba zommeleli onkulunkulu emhlabeni - iharahara. Ngakho-ke, kwakungekho lula ukuthola ofakazi ngenqubo yokwakhiwa kwawo.
Owokuqala kubo kwakunguHerodotus - ubhekwa njengomlobi we-legend ukuthi amapiramidi akhiwa izigqila. Uthi abasebenzi basebenzi abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili neshumi babambe iqhaza ekusungulweni kwamathuna ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Futhi lapha kuza ukungqubuzana kokuqala, okungeke kushiywe ngaphandle kokunakwa. UHerototus uthi ngokwakhiwa kweSphinx yedwa, isibonelo, izigxoke zamatshe eziyizigidi ezingu-2.3 ezilinganisa amathani angu-5 ngayinye ngayinye zasetshenziswa. Ngosuku abasebenzi basebenzise amayunithi angu-300-350, okusho ukuthi abazange bathathe isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa ukudlulisa ibhulokhi eyodwa. Ngumuphi amandla okufanele abantu abhekane nakho ukubhekana nokusebenza okunjalo ngokomzimba?
Isazi-mlando saseGibhithe lasendulo uManefon, owayephila ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu, wayengumuntu wangempela futhi akafuni ukuphinda abhale phansi umlando, njengoba uHerodotus enza. Encwadini yakhe ethi "The History of Egypt," wathi eminyakeni engama-10 000 eyedlule eGibithe baphila onkulunkulu abadlulisela amapiramidi kwabaseGibithe. Amagama kaManefon aqinisekiswa yi-storing inventory eyakhiwe emnyango wePiramidi yeCheops. Ama-Hieroglyphs athi kuso isithombe seSphinx sabuyiselwa ngemuva kwemvula enamandla egeza isisekelo sayo. Kodwa okokugcina izimvula ezinamandla kuleli zwe zaziyiminyaka engu-7-8 000 edlule! Ngokushesha nje lapho ososayensi beba nesithakazelo esiteshini, uhulumeni waseGibhithe wayala ukuba udonga luboshwe odongeni lweMyuziyamu yaseCairo.
Imininingwane yokwakhiwa kwamapiramidi, okungekho muntu ongathola incazelo
Kunezinye izinhlamba ezibonisa ukuthi abantu abavamile abakwazi ukudala amaphiramidi. Ngokuphambene nemicabango yokuthi abaseGibithe babe nolwazi olukhethekile elahlekile kamuva, unyaka awuzange udlule, ukuze izikhanyiso zesayensi azikwazi ukuthola ukuphikisana kwazo. Inguqulo yokuthi izakhiwo zalesi sikali zenziwe kuphela njengezikhumbuzo kumakhosi asele, ekuqaleni azizwanga kahle.
Izimboni ezingatholakali zitholakala ngokuqala ngezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa. Lona yi-granite ehlongozwayo ekotheni lase-Aswan kuwo wonke umlando we-Old Kingdom. Izindonga zendawo yokugqoka zibushelelezi kuze kube yilolu suku, okusho ukuthi i-granite yaphulwa ngosizo lomshini we-laser noma i-diamond, ogawula itshe lapho usika. Sekuyisikhathi eside kufakazelwa ukuthi abaseGibhithe babengenazo izinsimbi zomsebenzi. Konke lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abaseGibhithe abazange bakhiwe imibhoshongo: babuyiselwe ukuba balondoloze ukubukeka kwezakhiwo.
Inqubo ekhethekile yesigaba sokugaya nayo isetshenziswe esigabeni sokugcina sokudalwa kwamapiramidi ngokwabo. Ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwamabhuloki ase-Cheops, uKhephren noJoser banezindawo ezibushelelezi, okungenakudalwa yilolu yedwa ithuluzi lokusika labaseGibhithe - ithusi elibonwe ngamaphethelo adibeneyo. Emabhuloki ungathola imidwebo ye-drill: ububanzi bomgodi obushiwe yi-2 kuya ku-5 cm. Kungani abaseGibhithe, uma bekwazi ngempela ukubhoboza nokugaya itshe, abazange bahambise leli khono kubantwana?
Isisekelo samaphiramidi amaningi senziwe ngamatshe angokwemvelo. Isisekelo sephiramid of Cheops kwaba edwaleni, okuphakama okungenani amamitha ayi-10. Isisekelo saso sinomumo omuhle wesigcawu, futhi siqondiswe kuzo zonke izinkomba ezine zezwe. Izinguquko emhlabathini we-crust ngaphansi kwalo zifakazela ukuthi le piramidi "yaphenduka" esikhathini esidala: yashintsha indawo yezingxenyeni ngaphandle kwezinto zangaphandle zangokwemvelo.
Imibono yeqiniso ngemipiramidi efihliwe iminyaka eminingi
Ososayensi abasafihli emphakathini iqiniso lokuthi ngokubona okuvamile kwesikhathi nesikhala kubantu, ukutholwa kwipiramidi akufani kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali kwamanzi kuwo kuyahlukahluka futhi kususwa amabhaktheriya we-pathogenic, imimese ibukhali etsheni elilula, futhi inkathi yesikhathi ibonakala ihamba kancane. Ezakhiweni ezifihliwe zepiramidi ye-Cheops kanye nemipiramidi, etholakala ngesikhathi sokuthungwa kwethempeli laseNdiya laseTeotiukan, amapuleti am mica anezingqamuzana ezibushelelezi, ezicutshungulwe ngomshini zitholakale. I-Mica ingasetshenziswa njenge-transmitter yamandla nolwazi, kepha le ndawo yatholwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule!
Ukucabanga ukuthi le piramidi ingakhonza futhi isebenze njengengosi kwamanye amazwe kanye nobukhulu buqinisekiswa futhi ngumlando weManetho. Uphikelela ukuthi amanye amapiramidi anikezwe abaseGibithe ngabonkulunkulu u-Osiris no-Isis, abazisebenzisela ukuba bahlele emhlabeni. Emipiramidi yayigcinwe izinto ezijwayelekile, ukuthinta okulodwa okungavula i-portal noma ukubiza izidalwa ezivela ezweni lomunye.
Emadongeni ethempelini leTeotihukan eMexico, lapho kwakudala khona futhi engazange azwe mayelana namaharahara, imibhalo yemibhalo efanayo yafunyanwa. Ngo-1927, ukuhamba kwezesayensi kwathatha i-skull eyenziwe nge-quartz epholile kusuka emiphiramidi. Kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10 wonke amalungu ohambo ayefa ngokulandelana ngaphansi kwezimo ezingacacile. Kamuva, amanye ama-squake atholakala, umsuka ongekho ongachaza kuze kube yilolu suku, futhi labo abatholayo balandela amalungu ohambo lokuqala.
Uma amaMaya aseMexico futhi enza izidalwa ezivela kwelinye izwe ngesizo lwezingulube, abaseGibhithe babephethe umshini wangempela. Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, ama-hieroglyphs atholakale emgodini we-Cheops, okhuluma ngamatshe, ongaya kuwo esikhathini esizayo. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, kwatholakala amatshe amathathu, ahlala phansi ethuneni, izinga lokushisa okungenani izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kunezinga lokushisa kwamanye amatshe. Umkhuhlane owakhishwa yiwo ungaphezu kwehlobo lokushisa kwehlobo: ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa kubonise ukuthi ngisho nokushiswa kwamatshe emini yokushisa, ama-granite amathathu ahlala e-ice-abandayo. Izikhanyisi zesayensi zinezizathu ezimbili kuphela kwi-akhawunti yabo: noma amatshe ayingxenye efanayo, kodwa abamba ukushisa komunye, noma afihla ukungena ekamelweni lapho imithetho ehlukene ngokuphelele ye-physics isebenza khona.
Umbono wesibili osebenzayo mayelana nokusebenza kwamapiramidi ukusetshenziswa kwawo njenge-antenna noma iphuzu lokuthola uphawu lokuthuthukiswa kwamanye amazwe. Le phiramidi ngokwayo ifana nesimo se-crystal futhi indaba efanayo ephathwe ngendlela ye-tetrahedron ikhona ngokuhlobisa kwayo. Amapiramidi akhulisa ukuhanjiswa kwesignali, futhi amakristalu e-quartz angasebenza njengotshwala ngempilo ende. Emibhalweni yaseGibhithe yasendulo, kuye kwaba nezimo eziningi zobufakazi bokuthi ulwazi lokusebenzisa i-crystal lwalufihlwe ebantwini kuze kube yilapho selufunde ukuzuza ukunqoba okubi.
Ekusekeleni lokhu kucatshangwa, ososayensi bathola amapiramidi e-Mars, okuyinto namuhla ethathwa njengeplanethi ephilayo. Uhambo lulungele ukuthunyelwa ukuze lube ne-colonize emhlabeni, izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezivela phakathi kwabakhileyo eMhlabeni seziqashwe kakade. Kuthiwani uma befika bathola izinsalela zempucuko engakaze yakwazi ukunqoba ububi emhlabeni?