Amaphilisi amakhanda angomunye walezo zidakamizwa ezihlala esifubeni semithi yomkhaya, kanti abanye besifazane bazigcina esikhwameni. Kulokhu, akubona bonke abacabanga ukuthi ubuhlungu ekhanda bungaba nemvelaphi ehlukile, futhi i-analgesic kufanele ikhethwe ngokucabangela imbangela yokungahambi kahle.
Kungani ikhanda lami lilimaza?
Zonke izimbangela zekhanda zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu amabili:
- okuyisisekelo - uma kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izici ezenzayo kuphela, futhi imbangela yangaphakathi ayicacisi;
- eyesibili (isifo) - uma kukhona isifo esiyinhloko, esinye sezibonakaliso zazo ubuhlungu bendawo.
Eqoqweni lobuhlungu obukhulu ekhanda kukhona ubuhlungu bokungaboni, okubhekwa yi-monotony, indlela ephakathi kwendawo ezimbili, ukukhanya okulula noma okulinganiselayo. Imizwa enjalo ivame ukubonisa ukuthi iyinkimbinkimbi, ayibuhlungu, ingabangela izinto ezinjalo:
- ukucindezeleka kwengqondo-ngokomzwelo;
- ukungabi nalutho noma ukulala ngokweqile;
- i-muscular overstrain;
- i-overstrain ebonakalayo.
Uhlobo lwesibili luyi-migraine, elibhekene nobuhlungu obukhulu bomzimba kanye nezimpawu ezithile ezihambisana nazo (isicasuli, ukuhlanza, ukuzwela kwemisindo, ukukhanya, iphunga). Ngokuvamile, ukuhlaselwa kwe-migraine kuphazamisa izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngenyanga, futhi bangacasulwa yizici ezinjalo:
- ukucindezeleka;
- ukudla okunye, utshwala, ikhofi;
- izinguquko zemvelo;
- I-Nerve igxilile;
- ukulayisha ngokweqile.
Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokukhanda ikhanda ezinomzimba ziyizimo zomzimba zomzimba:
- imiphumela ye-traumatic craneocereberal;
- ukushintshashintsha kwegazi;
- i-cerebral atherosclerosis;
- i-dystonia ye-neurocirculatory;
- i-osteochondrosis yomlomo wesibeletho;
- ukunqotshwa kwe-joint temporomandibular;
- ukudakwa komzimba;
- ENT izifo;
- isisu sobuchopho;
- i-meningitis;
- i-encephalitis;
- izifo ze-hormonal.
Kuthiwani uma ikhanda lami libuhlungu?
Kuyinto elula kakhulu futhi elula ukuyeka okwesikhashana ukuphathwa ikhanda ukuthatha izidakamizwa embonini yezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akuyona yonke imithi yokwelapha esiza ukuqeda imbangela ye-malaise. Odokotela baxwayisa: uma umuntu ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabili ngesonto kufanele athathe amaphilisi ngenxa yekhanda, futhi ukukhathazeka kuphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile nokusebenza, lokhu kufanele kube isizathu sokushaya ucingo oluphuthumayo.
Kuye ngokuthi yini ebangela ukuzwa okungazwakala kahle, ochwepheshe bazokwazi ukuncoma ukuthi iyiphi ithebhulethi yokuphuza ekhanda ekuhlaselweni okulandelayo. Lapho ukuxilongwa kwenziwa, uhlobo lobuhlungu, indawo yangakini, isikhathi sesikhathi, nobude besikhathi kubalulekile. Ukuze uthole izizathu, ngokuvamile lezo zindlela zokuxilonga ezifana ne-MRT yobuchopho, ukuhlolwa kwe-cervical spine, i-ultrasound yezitsha zekhanda nentamo zivame ukushiwo.
Uhlobo lwamaphilisi
Amathebulethi avela ekhanda, uhlu oluhlongozwa kunoma iyiphi ikhemisi, oluhlaba umxhwele ngokungahloniphi, alukwazi ukudala ukudideka kwesiguli kude nemithi. Okungenani ngokwemigomo jikelele ukuqonda ukuthi yimaphi amaphilisi avela ekhanda lesihloko esihlosiwe kunengqondo ukusebenzisa kulokhu noma kunjalo, ake sicabangele izinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-analgesics, ezihlukile ezinhlotsheni zezingxenye ezisebenzayo.
Izidakamizwa eziphikisana nezidakamizwa
Izidakamizwa ezingenayo i-steroidal anti-inflammatory zingabizwa ngokuthi izidakamizwa ezisetshenzisiwe kakhulu, ezisetshenziselwa nje ukuqeda ukuzwa okubuhlungu kokuhlukana okuhlukile. Lezi zidakamizwa ziyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ukucindezelwa kokuphendula okuvuthayo nokunciphisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme elihambisana nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene ze-pathological. Lokhu kutholakala ngokunciphisa isenzo se-cyclooxygenase enzyme okumele iholele zonke lezi zinqubo.
Leli qembu lihlanganisa izidakamizwa ezinjalo:
- Ibuprofen;
- Indomethacin ;
- Analgin;
- I-Aspirin;
- Diclofenac;
- I-Cepoprofen;
- I-Naproxen.
Ngenxa yomphumela omubi walezi amaphilisi ezindongeni zomuthi wamathumbu, kunconywa ukuthi badle ngemuva kokudla. Umphumela wokubulala ubuhlungu uthola emva kwamahora angu-0.5-2 futhi uhlala amahora angu-4-6. Uma uthatha izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal ezivimbela ukuvuvukala, kufanele zicatshangelwe ukuthi zingabangela ukuphuma kwangaphakathi, futhi ngokufaka isimiso esifanele - kubangele ukulimala kwesibindi.
I-Spasmolytics yekhanda
Ama-antispasmodics ama-myotropic yimithi engakwazi ukuqeda ithoni ye-vascular. Imithi enjalo inconywa ukuba isetshenziswe lapho ubuhlungu ekhanda bubangelwa ubuchopho be-spasmodic vascular. Lawa maphilisi ayasebenza ku-migraine nasekhanda elihambisana nokucindezeleka kwegazi, i-osteochondrosis, ukucindezeleka, okwedlulele.
Sibala abamele leli qembu lemithi e-analgesic:
- I-Drotaverine ;
- I-Papaverine;
- I-Dibazol;
- Cinnarizine ;
- I-Midsummer.
Umphumela ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwe-spasmolytic kulindeleke emva kwemizuzu engu-15-20. Lezi zindlela ezingenhla azikwazi ukuthathwa ngokuphulwa okujulile esibindi, izinso, inhliziyo, glaucoma kanye ne-hypotension. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukucabangela ukuthi ngemuva kokubhema, kuncipha ekusebenzeni kwama-antispasmodics, ngakho-ke kungcono ukunqaba lo mkhuba futhi uzivikele ekubhemeni okubhema.
Ama-analgesics for ikhanda
I-analgesics engezona-narcotic yizidakamizwa ezingakwazi ukuqeda ubuhlungu noma ukunciphisa ubunzima bayo ngokunciphisa ukuzwakalisa isikhungo sobuhlungu obungaphansi komhlaba, okwandisa umkhawulo wokuzwela ubuhlungu nokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwabaxhumanisi bokuvuvukala kwe-prostaglandin. Ngenxa yalokhu, le mithi isahlinzeka ngemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antipyretic.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-analgesics ezingenayo i-narcotic, ezihlanganisa amaphilisi amaningi ekhanda ahluke ngohlobo lwezinto ezisebenzayo (ezinye zazo ziyiqembu lezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala):
- izidakamizwa ze-salicylic acid (Aspirin, salicylate ye-sodium);
- izidakamizwa ze-pyrazolone (i-Analgin, i-Butadion, i-Amidopyrin);
- izidakamizwa ze-aniline (phenacetin, paracetamol);
- izidakamizwa zama-alkanoic acid (Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Flurbiprofen);
- i-anthranilic acid derivatives (i-mefenamic ne-flufenamic acid);
- Okunye (i-Dimexide, i-Piroxicam, i-Chlotazol).
Kumele kucatshangelwe ukuthi zonke izidakamizwa-analgesics ngezinga elithile zinempahla engafanele yomzimba, okuyinhloko yayo:
- i-allergic;
- i-nephro- ne-hepatotoxicity;
- i-ulcerogenicity (ikhono lokubangela izilonda kwi-membrane yamangcwaba).
Amaphilisi amakhanda aphezulu kakhulu
Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi ukuze ukhethe amaphilisi angabizi kodwa asebenzayo okukhanda ikhanda, akufanele ugxile emagameni okuhweba kwezidakamizwa, kodwa kumakhemikhali akha ukwakheka kwawo. Amathuluzi amaningi anama-analog amaningi amaningi anezakhiwo ezifanayo. Thola amaphilisi angcono kakhulu ekhanda, okufanele wonke umuntu, akunakwenzeka, ngoba umzimba womuntu ngamunye uyedwa, futhi izimbangela zobuhlungu zihlukile. Cabangela ezinye izidakamizwa ezithandwayo ezivame ukucelwa kuma-pharmacy.
I-Paracetamol yezinhloko
Lezi amaphilisi ezinhlobonhlobo ezinhlokweni ezinhlobonhlobo zazifakwa ngaphambili njengeqembu lezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala, kodwa ke ochwepheshe banqume ukuthi umphumela wayo wokulwa nokuvuvukala awubalulekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhiwo ze-analgesic ne-antipyretic zamaphilisi ziphawulekayo, kanti futhi ukulungiswa kubonakala ngokuphepha okuhlobene nokubekezela okuhle. Ukuqala kwesenzo kugcinwa emva kwesigamu sehora emva kokuphathwa, isilinganiso esisodwa se-500-1000 mg.
I-Citramon kusuka ekhanda
Amaphilisi e-analgesic for headache anokwakhiwa okuhlangene lapho izingxenye ezisebenzayo zikhona:
- I-acetylsalicylic acid - ikhulula ubuhlungu nomkhuhlane, iqeda ukuvuvukala, ichithe igazi;
- i-paracetamol - ikhulula ubuhlungu, inciphisa izinga lokushisa;
- i-caffeine - ivuselela isimiso senzwa esisemkhatsini, sidonsa imithwalo yegazi.
Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise lawa amaphilisi uma kwenzeka ubuhlungu bezinsizi, ngokucindezeleka okubangelwa izifo ezinamazinyo nezifo zegazi, ngezifo ezithathelwanayo, ukunyuka kwengcindezi engavamile. Umphumela wempendulo ubonakala emva kwemizuzu engu-35-45 ngemva kokusetshenziswa, isilinganiso esisodwa - amaphilisi angu-1-2.
I-Spazmalgon kusuka ekhanda
Kulabo abafunayo, amaphilisi amakhanda asemakhanda asebenza kanjani ukuze asebenze kahle, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ngaphezulu, ngokuvamile uvunyelwe ukuthola i-Spazmalgon. Le mithi iqukethe izithako ezintathu ezisebenzayo:
- i-metamizole sodium - isidakamizwa esingeke steroidal sokulwa nokuvuvukala;
- i-hydrochloride ye-pituopenone - i-antispasmodic;
- i-fenpiverinia i-bromide - ine-m-anticholinergic isenzo.
I-Spazmalgon iphumelela ekuboneni ubuhlungu obuphakathi nokuphakama okukhulu. Ngemuva kokuthatha iphilisi, ukuhlaselwa okubuhlungu kungaqedwa kungakapheli imizuzu engu-20. Isilinganiso esisodwa akumele sidlulele ithebulethi eli-1. Leli khambi alinconywa ukuba lihlolwe ikhanda elihlotshaniswa nezifo, ukuphazamiseka kokusakaza kwe-cerebral, ukunyuka kwengcindezi yokunyakaza.
Nyaz kusuka ekhanda
Into esebenzayo yesidakamizwa esicatshangelwe yi-nimesulide, isidakamizwa esingezona-steroidal sokuvuvukala. Lo muthi unciphisa ngobuhlungu ubuhlungu, uphulukise ukuvuvukala, kunciphisa izinga le-histamine, unemiphumela emibi ye-antithrombotic ne-antioxidant. Lezi zikhanda eziphumelelayo ziyaphilisa ngokushesha futhi zinciphise ukuzwela okungenakuzwakala, kuhlanganise nalabo abahlobene ne-osteochondrosis yomlomo wesibeletho. Umthamo owodwa ophakanyisiwe ungama-100 mg.
I-Tempalgin yekhanda
I-Tempalgin - amaphilisi ngokumelene nokukhanda ikhanda kanye nezinkinga zokuhlukunyezwa kwamanye amazwe, kufaka phakathi amakhemikhali asebenzayo:
- imithi ye-metamizole-sodium-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory;
- I-Tempidone i-anti-depressant nomphumela wokudambisa.
Siza lawa maphilisi avela enhlokweni ekhanda, ngenkathi ekuqedeni ukukhathazeka, ukungezwani kokukhathazeka, ukucindezela ukwesaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sidakamizwa sisiza ukuncipha kwengcindezi yegazi. Ngokuvamile kunconywe ubuhlungu obuhlobene nokuphendula ngokomzwelo okubi, nge-migraines. Isilinganiso sesikhathi esisodwa - ithebulethi eli-1.
Amathebulethi avela ekhanda ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
Ukhanda luyisifo esivamile kubantu besifazane kuleso simo, kodwa ngenxa yobungozi bokuthela isithelo, ukulimala ukuyeka ukugunyazwa ngokwemithi kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile. Ku-trimester yokuqala kuyadingeka ukuba ukhohlwe ngokugcwele ngamaphilisi asebenzisa izindlela ezingezona izidakamizwa:
- ukuphumula endaweni enokuthula futhi ekamelweni elomoya;
- ukulala;
- self-massage yamathempeli;
- ukusebenzisa ukucindezeleka okubandayo.
Ake sibhale ukuthi iziphi izibhebhe zamakhanda ezingakhulelwa zingakhulelwa ezinyangeni ezimbili no-3 kanye nephilisi yezinwele ngesikhathi kuncelisa:
- Kodwa-shpa;
- I-Paracetamol;
- Ibuprofen .