Esikhundleni senhloko-dolobha yangaphambili yaseGibhithe lasendulo, iThebes, idolobha laseLuxor litholakala, elibhekwa njengelona leminye imyuziyamu evulekile. Njengoba lapha kukhona izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvubukula zaseGibhithe, ke isikhathi eside ukucabanga ngalokho okubonayo eLuxor akudingekile. I-Luxor ingahlukaniswa ngokomzimba zibe izingxenye ezimbili: "Idolobha labafileyo" nelithi "Idolobha labaphilayo".
"I-City of the Living" yindawo yokuhlala ebhishi elungile leNayile, okukhangayo okuyinhloko kuwo amathempeli e-Luxor naseKarnak, ngaphambili axhunywe yi-Alley of the Sphinxes.
Ithempeli laseLuxor
Ithempeli laseLuxor linikezelwe u-Amon-Ra, umkakhe uNun nendodana yabo Khonsu - onkulunkulu abathathu baseTheban. Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwe ngekhulu le-13 leminyaka lama-11 BC. ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Amenhotep III noRamses III. Umgwaqo oya ethempelini uhamba eduze kweSphinxes. Ngaphambi kokungenhla kwetempeli ethempelini laseLuxor yi-obelisk nezithombe zeRamses, kanye nama-pylons amabili (ubude obungamamitha angu-70 ubude nobude obungama-20 m), enye yawo ibonisa izigcawu zempi ephumelelayo yaseRamses. Okulandelayo kukhona: egcekeni likaRamses II, i-colonnade yemigqa emibili yamakholomu, empumalanga lapho ihlala khona emasikisini ka Abu-l-Haggah. Ngaphambi kwe-colonnade ivula igceke elilandelayo, okwakhiwa kwe-Amenhotep. Amakholomu angu-32 eningizimu yehholo le-hypostyle eholela endlini yangaphakathi, lapho ungathola khona ethempelini lika-Amon-Ra, elakhiwe ngu-Alexander. Kusihlwa isakhiwo esibucayi sibanikezwa ngezibani.
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Ithempeli laseKarnak eLuxor
Ithempeli laseKarnak laliyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu eGibhithe lasendulo. Futhi manje ngenye yezinkampani ezinkulu zasendulo zendawo zokwakha, kuhlanganise nezakhiwo ezakhiwa amaharahara ahlukene. Wonke uFaro waphuma uphawu lwakhe kule ndlu. Ehholo elikhulu kunazo zonke lezi zinsika ezingu-134 ezihlotshiswe ngokucebile zagcinwa. Amagceke angenakubalwa, amahholo, ama-colosi kanye nelwandle elikhulu elingcwele - ubukhulu nokubunzima kwesakhiwo sethempeli laseKarnak kuyamangaza.
Izakhiwo zethempelini zinezingxenye ezintathu, zizungezwe izindonga: enyakatho - ithempeli laseMentou (elichithekile), phakathi - ithempeli elikhulu lase-Amun, eningizimu - ithempeli likaMut.
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Isakhiwo esikhulu kunazozonke yinkimbinkimbi ithempeli le-Amon-Ra elinendawo engamahektha angaba ngu-30 nama-pyloni ayi-10, amakhulu kunawo wonke ayi-113m x 15m x 45m. Ngaphezu kwama-pylons, kunehholo elikhulu lamakholomu.
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E-"City of the Dead" engxenyeni engakwesokunxele seNayile, kunezindawo zokuhlala ezimbalwa kanye nedolobha elidumile leTheban necropolis, kuhlanganise nesiGodi samaKhosi, iSigodi samaTars, uRamesseum, iNdlovukazi uHatshepsut, iKolosi yaseMemnon nokunye okuningi.
Valley of the Kings
E-Luxor esiGodini samaKhosi kutholakale amathuna angaphezu kuka-60, kodwa kuphela ingxenye encane evulekile kubavakashi. Isibonelo, amathuna eTutankhamun, Ramses III noma Amenhotep II. Emikhaleni emide ekhohliwe, umhambi ungene emcimbini wokungcwaba, emnyango ongena kuwo ama-quotes avela eNcwadini yabafileyo. Amathuna anemihlobiso ehlukene, ehlotshiswe ngobuciko ngemidwebo engezansi kanye nemidwebo yodonga, bonke babumbene omunye - ingcebo abafaya abayithatha nayo ngemva kokufa. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yalezi zingcebo ezingenakulinganiswa, amathuna amaningi aphangwa ngaphambi kokuba atholakale. Okudumile kunazo zonke ezitholakala ekhulwini lama-20 kusukela emathuneni amaharahara kungcwaba likaTutankhamun, elitholwa umvubukuli weNgisi uHoward Carter ngo-1922.| | |
Valley of the Tsaritsa
Abesifazane bamaPharao kanye nezingane zabo bangcwatshwa eSigodini samaTsarits, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGodi lamaKhosi. Lapha, kutholakale amathuna angu-79, ingxenye yawo ayengakabonakali. Emidwebo emidwebo enombala embala ebonisa onkulunkulu, amaharahara kanye namakhosikazi, kanye neziqephu nemibhalo evela eNcwadini yabafileyo. Ithuna elidumile kunazo zonke ingcwaba lomfazi wokuqala ohlonishwayo noFaro othandekayo kaFaro Ramses II - iNdlovukazi uNefertari, okubuyiselwa kwayo okwamuva nje.
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IKolosi yaseMemnon
Lezi yizithombe ezimbili eziphezulu, ezibonisa ukuthi uhlezi u-Amenhotep III (cishe ngekhulu le-14 BC), ezandleni zakhe ziguqa futhi ubuso obubhekene nelanga elikhulayo. Lezi zithombe zenziwe ngezigxobo ze-quartz sandstone futhi zimelele eThempelini leSikhumbuzo sase-Amenhotep, okungekho lutho olusele kulo.
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Ithempeli leNdlovukazi uHatshepsut
INdlovukazi uHatshepsut yiyena kuphela uFaro wesifazane emlandweni owabusa eGibhithe iminyaka engaba ngu-20. Ithempeli liqukethe amasimu amathathu avulekile, aphakama ngokulandelana emthambekeni, ehlotshiswe ngezansi, imidwebo, nokudweba, ukwethula impilo yenkosikazi. Ingcweti yesimongwane uHathor ihlotshiswe ngamakholomu enezihloko ezinhlokweni zenhlokokazikazi. Ngenye yezindonga zayo kukhona ngisho nefresco yasendulo enhloko yempi.
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Ukuvakashela i-Luxor yakudala uzodinga ipasipoti kanye ne- visa eya eGibhithe .