I-human papillomavirus - iyini, nokuthi ingaphatha kanjani i-HPV?

Amagciwane amaningi angaba khona emzimbeni isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuzinikela. Lezi zihlanganisa i-papillomavirus yabantu. Ngokwezibalo, cishe u-70% wabantu bonke ababhekene nayo, kodwa abaningi abazi ngakho futhi abazi ukuthi bangaphatha kanjani i-papillomavirus yabantu.

I-human papillomavirus - iyini?

I-papillomavirus yomuntu, noma, njengoba ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi udokotela, igciwane le-HPV, liyiqembu lamagciwane e-pathogenic asakazeka kuyo yonke indawo. Ososayensi baye bathola izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-100 zezinhlobo ze-HPV. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, cishe ku-13 kuzo zonke ezitholakalayo kuye kwanda i-carcinogenicity - kuqhubekisela phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane. Lesi sifo sisakazwa ngokushesha ngokocansi, ngakho-ke ukuphakama kwezifo kubhalisiwe kumantombazane nabafana ngemuva kokungena ebuhlotsheni bobulili.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zegciwane le-HPV zikhona emzimbeni womuntu isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kokuthinta izinqubo zangaphakathi zayo. Bona ngokwabo bayanyamalala ngaphandle kokwelapha izinyanga eziningana emva kokutheleleka. Kutholakale ukuthi cishe i-90% yazo yonke i-HPV ngokwayo iyanyamalala ngemva kweminyaka emibili. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye encane yokutheleleka ngegciwane lengculaza ingaholela emdlalweni, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa ngesikhathi esifanele kubaluleke kakhulu empini yokulwa ne-HPV.

Izinhlobo ze-papillomavirus - izinhlobo

Kuye ngezici zokuziphatha, ukuhlukahluka kwesakhiwo, igciwane le-HPV lihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningi. Kulokhu, ikhono lohlobo oluthile lokuba lube nesifo somdlavuza lubalulekile. Kuye ngalokhu, i-HPV ihlukaniswe yaba:

• I-HPV enengozi ephansi yokuvuleka kwe-oncology - izinhlobo ezingu-6, 11, 42, 40, 54, 43, 61, 44, 81, 72, 70, CP6108;
• ngenengozi enkulu - 53, 26, 66;
• neengozi enkulu - I-HPV 16, 18, 33, 31, 35, 45, 39, 52, 52, 56, 59, 58, 73, 68, 82.

Ingabe ukutheleleka kwe-papillomavirus yomuntu?

Ukutheleleka kwamacala angu-90% kwenzeka ngokuxhumana nomuntu ophilile ophethe isifo. I-pathogen ikhona emanzini omzimba, emagqumeni amancane. I-HPV emadodeni ayifani kakhulu kunezocansi ezilinganayo, kodwa ngokuvamile kaningi ukugeleza okusheshayo. Amasosha omzimba avimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwegciwane, ngakho alikhulumi futhi usekhona emzimbeni womuntu esimweni esingasebenzi. Ngokweqile kwamandla okuzivikela, ukusebenza kwayo kuvele, kuvela isithombe esitholakala emtholampilo esibangela iziguli ukuba zibonane nodokotela.

I-papillomavirus yomuntu isakazwa kanjani?

Ezimweni eziningi, ukudluliselwa kwegciwane kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokulala ngokocansi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-papillomavirus yabesifazane ibonakala kaningi ngokuqala kokuphila kocansi okusebenzayo. Ukusetshenziswa kokukhulelwa komshini (ikhondomu) kunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka, kodwa akukhiphi ngokuphelele lokho. Ukudluliswa kwe-HPV kungase kwenzeke ngendlela eqondile - kusuka kumama ogulayo kuya kwengane ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Ngokuvamile kakhulu igciwane le-papilloma liyadluliselwa ngendlela yokuxhumana. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwenzeka ngesikhathi sobulili obufanayo: nge-caresses ngokocansi, ukuxhumana nezimbungu zezinambuzane ze-carrier yegciwane, i-HPV idluliselwa kumlingani ophilile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukubonakaliswa kwemitholampilo ejwayelekile ye-HPV kungabonakalisa esiteshini sokwethulwa kwe-pathogen emzimbeni (izintende zezandla, iminwe).

Yini eyingozi ku-HPV?

Umphumela omubi kunazo zonke we-HPV yinkqubo yezinhlelo eziphilayo. Ososayensi baseNtshonalanga banamathele embonweni wokuthi igciwane le-papilloma lingabangela umdlavuza kunoma yikuphi ukuhlala endaweni. Ngokuqondile leli gciwane le-pathogenic lidala izidakamizwa ezingezansi ezinhlobonhlobo ze-membrane kanye ne-epithelium, okusebenza njengesigaba sokuqala senqubo ye-oncogenic. Izinguquko ezifanayo ziyisici somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, okubangela izinhlobo ezingu-16 no-18 - i-HPV yengozi ephezulu ye-oncogenic. Kwezinye izimo, i-HPV ibhekwa njengesizathu esingaba nesibalo sokubeletha kwabesifazane besifazane.

I-human papillomavirus yabesifazane

Igciwane lesifo se-papilloma kubantu besifazane abanesifo sengculaza kubhekwa njengesisusa esikhulu somdlavuza wesibeletho . Lezi zifo zivutha kakhulu yizinhlobo ezingu-16 no-18 ze-HPV. Le nqubo inenkambo ende, ayihambisani nemibonakaliso yemitholampilo, ngakho kunzima ukuyixilonga. Esikhathini esivamile isimo sesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba kusukela ekusungulweni kwegciwane emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesibeletho kungathatha iminyaka engu-15-20. Uma igciwane lesandulela ngculazi libuthakathaka, ukwelashwa okudingekile akukwenziwanga, kunengozi yokuthuthukisa isisu eminyakeni emihlanu. Izici zokufaka izinto zihlanganisa:

• ukuqala kokuqala kocansi;
• ukungabi nalomlingani ovamile wocansi;
• ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi (i-nicotine, utshwala).

I-papillomavirus yabantu emadodeni

Ukutshela, kunokuba i-VPCH eyingozi kubantu, odokotela abaholeli ukungafani kwamakhadiyali kusuka emiphumeleni ye-pathology evela kwabesifazane. Kulabo abamele ubulili obuqinile, i-HPV iphinde ivuselele izicubu zomdlavuza ezithombeni zobulili, ikakhulukazi zangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokutholakala kwe-HPV emzimbeni kungenzeka izinqubo zezinto eziphilayo kwezinye izinhlelo zomzimba. I-Papillomavirus emadodeni yenza ukuthi:

• izikhumba ze-rectum;
• umdlavuza we-pharynx;
• umdlavuza we-larynx .

I-human papillomavirus - izimpawu

Ngesinye isikhathi emzimbeni, i-papillomavirus yomuntu ayikwazi ukuzwa izinyanga ezingu-3-8 - isikhathi eside isikhathi sokukhushulwa siphelile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziningi, ukutheleleka ngegciwane kungokwemvelo okwesikhashana futhi kuxazululwe ngokuzimela phakathi neminyaka engu-1-2, uma ngalesi sikhathi akukho ukutheleleka kabusha. Emibonweni emikhulu, izimpawu, ezibonisa ukuthi igciwane lesifo se-papilloma likhona emzimbeni, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa:

1. Ama-warts amaphethelo amancane phezu kwesikhumba. I-HPV 1-5, 10, 49 no-28 izinhlobo zivame ukucasuka. Ama-Warts anesakhiwo esihlukile nokubukeka kanye nokwakhiwa kwendawo (flat, spines, warts vulgar).
2. I-condylomas - amaphuzu avela phezulu kwezingqimba zamangqamuzana ezitho zangasese, ku-anus, emlonyeni, hhayi ebusweni bezindebe. Izimbangela ze-HPV 6, 11, 18, 13, 16, 35, 31 izinhlobo.
3. I-papillomas yezintambo zamagama - zimela ukukhula okubangela ukunciphisa kwe-glottis. Kwezinye izimo, zitholakala ezinganeni ezithatheleleke kumama ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Izimbangela ze-HPV 11.
4. I-bovenoid papulosis - amapuletiki afana nesibhakabhaka afana nama-warts. Kubonakala endaweni yokulala, ngokuvamile kuvameke emadodeni ebusweni bepenis. Izinyathelo ezingu-16, 31, 33, 42, 51, 48, 54, 51, 51, 51, ze-51 ze-HPV.

I-papillomavirus yabantu - ukuxilongwa

Ukuhlaziywa okuyinhloko kwe-papillomavirus yabantu kuyi-PCR. Izinto ezifundwayo ekusetshenzisweni kwayo yi-swabs ezithathwe emagqumeni amancane emgodini nomlomo wesibeletho kubesifazane nakubomvu we-penis emadodeni. Phakathi kwezinye izindlela zokuxilongwa nge-papillomavirus yabantu:

1. I-Digene-test iyindlela entsha yokuthola ukuthandwa komuthi. Isetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukuhlushwa kwegciwane, okungabangela ukuhlukumeza. Ngenxa yalendlela, odokotela banquma izinga lokuqapha amagciwane kanye nengozi yokuba nomdlavuza.
2. Ukuhlolwa kwe-cytological - kuhilela ukuhlaziywa okuncane kakhulu kwesimiso se-swab kusuka ezingxenyeni zobulili, lapho isimo sezingqamuzana zihlolwa khona.
3. Ucwaningo lwakhe - ukuhlaziywa kwesampula yezicubu ezithathwe ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.

I-human papillomavirus - ukwelashwa

Ukuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele i-HPV emzimbeni, ukwelashwa kufanele kuqale ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo. Kunzima ukwenza lokhu, futhi ngokuvamile iziguli zithola izifundo eziningi zokwelapha. Ukuze ususe i-papillomavirus emzimbeni, bobabili abalingani bobulili kumele baphathe ukwelashwa, ngaphandle kwalokho ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kwe-HPV kuhlanganisa:

• ukwelashwa kwe-antiviral kanye ne-immunomodulatory;
• ukwelapha okuhlinzekwa - ukuthengiswa kwezicubu ezithathelwana ngegciwane, ukukhishwa kwe-warts.

Amalungiselelo e-papillomavirus

Kumele kuqashelwe ngokushesha ukuthi akukho mithi yonke ye-papillomavirus, izidakamizwa kufanele zikhethwe ngabanye. Ukwelashwa kuyinkimbinkimbi, ngokusho kwemibonakaliso ye-pathology. Umthamo wezidakamizwa uhlelwa udokotela kuye ngokuthi isiteji senqubo yokwelashwa, isimo sesimiso somzimba soguli. Uma igciwane lingabonakali nganoma iyiphi indlela, awudingi ukuliphatha. Lapho ukubonakala kwe-HPV, amaqembu alandelayo ezidakamizwa asetshenziswa:

• izidakamizwa ze-cytotoxic - 5-fluorouracil, i-Podophyllotoxin, iBleomycin;
• ukuvimbela izidakamizwa - i-Interferon, Immunal .

Kulashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukwelashwa kwe-photodynamic kusetshenziselwa ukusebenza. Ebusweni bezincuba eziphathekayo, kusetshenziselwa into ekhethekile lapho, ngaphansi kwesenzo somlilo okhanyayo, kukhishwa amafomu asebenzayo oksijini. Ngokushesha ngaphansi kwethonya labo, amangqamuzana esikhumba aphethwe yigciwane abhujiswa. Lokhu kushukumisa ukuvuselelwa okusebenzayo kanye nezinqubo zokutakula.

Ukuvimbela i-HPV

Ukutshela indlela yokuphatha i-HPV, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukungena kwayo emzimbeni kulula ukuvimbela. Indlela esemqoka yokuvimbela ukugoma ngokumelene ne-papillomavirus yabantu. Ukugomela ngokumelene ne-HPV kuyasebenza, ephephile. Isikhathi esinconyelwe sokuba isicelo sabo singu-11-13 iminyaka - isikhathi sokuqala kokukhulelwa. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga ngesikhathi, ungagonywa kamuva: abesifazane - kuze kube yiminyaka engu-21, amadoda - kuze kube ngu-26. Ukugonywa kuhilela ukuphathwa kwezilinganiso ezintathu zomuthi wokugoma ezinyangeni ezingu-6.

Ukuze uvimbele ukutheleleka, kumele ulandele imithetho eminingi:

1. Ukudlula izivivinyo zokuvimbela ku-gynecologist.
2. Sebenzisa izisu zokubeletha.
3. Hlangani ubulili obungavamile.