Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka ngokucubungula kwesinye sezifo ezibi kakhulu - i-leukemia. Sizokutshela ukuthi kungani izingane zihlushwa yi-leukemia, chaza izici zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo (i-acute lymphoblastic kanye ne-myeloblastic, i-leukemia engapheliyo), chaza izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo, unike ithuba lokubona ukuthuthukiswa kwe-leukemia ngezigaba zokuqala.
Izimpawu ze-leukemia ezinganeni
I-leukemia (i-leukemia) ikhula kancane kancane, izimpawu zokuqala zivela phakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili emva kokuqala kwesifo. Kuyiqiniso, ngokunakekelwa okwanele, kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuqala kokuqala, izibonakaliso ezinqamule ze-leukemia, ezizibonakalisa ngokwazo ekushintsheni kokuziphatha kwengane. Kukhona izikhalo eziningi zokukhathala nokubuthakathaka, ingane ilahlekelwa isithakazelo emidlalweni, ukukhulumisana neontanga nezifundo, ukudla kuyanyamalala. Ngenxa yokuncipha komzimba ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-leukemia, amakhaza abe njalo, futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba livame ukuphakama. Uma abazali bekhathalela ngokucophelela lezi zimpawu "ezincane" futhi ingane ihlinzeka ngegazi ekuvivinyweni kwe-laboratory, ngakho-ke odokotela ngokuvamile sebevele bethola izimpawu ezingabonakali ukuthi i-leukemia, kodwa okubenza baqaphele futhi baqhubeke begcina.
Kamuva izimpawu ezilandelayo zivela:
- ubuhlungu obuvamile emgogodini nasemilenzeni (ngokugxila kobuhlungu kuguquka indawo). Ngokuvamile, ubuhlungu obunjalo buphambene ne-polyarthritis noma imiphumela yokulimala;
- usayizi wesibindi ukwanda;
- isikhala sesikhumba;
- ukwanda ngobuningi bama-lymph nodes nama-pancreas;
- ukulimaza njalo.
Ngesikhathi izimpawu ezingenhla zivela, kungenzeka ukuxilonga i-leukemia ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubonisa izinga elincishisiwe lama-platelet, i-erythrocytes, ukwehla kwezinga le-hemoglobin nokunyuka okuphawulekayo kwe-ESR. Inombolo ye-leukocyte egazini e-leukemia ingahluka kakhulu - kusukela ekuphansi ukuya phezulu (konke lokhu kuxhomeke enombolweni yokuqhuma okungena egazini elisuka ematheni). Uma izivivinyo ze-laboratory zegazi zibonisa ukuthi kukhona izidumbu zokuqhuma - lokhu kuwuphawu oluqondile lwe-leukemia eliyingozi (amangqamuzana avamile egazi egazini akufanele abe).
Ukuze ucacise ukuxilongwa, odokotela bakhetha umthambo wamathambo, okukuvumela ukuthi unqume izimpawu zokuqhuma kwamangqamuzana omnkantso futhi ubone i-pathologies yeselula. Ngaphandle kokugqama, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa uhlobo lwe-leukemia, ukubeka ukwelashwa okwanele nokukhuluma nganoma yiziphi izibikezelo zesiguli.
I-leukemia: izimbangela zentuthuko ezinganeni
I-leukemia yisifo sesimiso segazi kanye ne-hemopoiesis. Ekuqaleni, i-leukemia iyinhlamba yethambo lomnkantsha eqhubeka kuyo. Kamuva, amangqamuzana amathumba asakaza ngaphesheya komnkantso wethambo, engathinti igazi kanye nesistimu yomphakathi, kodwa nezinye izitho zomzimba womuntu. I-leukemia iyinkimbinkimbi futhi engapheli, kuyilapho izinhlobo zesifo zingafani nesikhathi sokugeleza, kodwa ngesakhiwo nokubunjwa kwezicubu zesisu.
E-neukemia ehlukumezayo ezinganeni, umthambo wethambo uthinteka ngamangqamuzana omzimba omzimba. Umehluko phakathi kwe-acute leukemia yilapho ukubunjwa okubi kuqukethe ukuqhuma kwamaseli. Ku-leukemia engapheli ezinganeni, ama-neoplasms ahlanganisa amaseli avuthiwe avuthiwe.
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, i-leukemia yisifo sesistimu. Ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana omzimba we-leukemia kubonisa ukuthi amangqamuzana amaningi ngokuvamile anesifo sofuzo esivamile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bahlakulela kusuka esitokisini esisodwa, lapho kukhona ukuguqulwa kwamathambo. I-lymphoblastic esebenzayo kanye ne-leukemia ephawulekayo ye-myeloblastic ezinganeni -
Ukuphakama kwenani lamacala okugula kweminyaka: 2-5 no-10-13. Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazane.
Kuze kube manje, izimbangela eziqondile ze-leukemia azange zisungulwe. Phakathi kwezici ezibangela ukuqala kwesifo, izimo ezingavumelekile zemvelo (kubandakanya umphumela wamakhemikhali), amagciwane e-oncogenic (i-Burkitt's lymphoma virus), umphumela wemisebe ye-ionizing, njll kubonakala. Zonke zingaholela ekuguqulweni kwamaseli ahlobene nesistimu ye-hematopoietic.