Izikhukhula ezinganeni ezincane ziyimbangela evamile yokukhathalela abazali. Ngokuvamile abasazi ukuthi baziphathe kanjani, nokuthi benzeni nalo, kunokuba i-ARVI ihluke ngukukhuhlane. Cabanga ngokuhlukumeza, ake sibheke izici zayo, izibonakaliso kanye nezinkinga ezingase zibonwe ezinganeni ezinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi, sibhala izindlela zokwelapha nokuvimbela lesi sifo.
I-incubation isikhathi sokutheleleka kokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza ezinganeni
Izimbangela ezivame ukwelashwa okunamandla okuphefumula ezinganeni ziyi-parainfluenza virus, ukutheleleka okunomthelela, i-adenovirus ne-rhinovirus. Zithunyelwa kuphela ngamaconsi amancane. Kubantu, lezi zifo zivame ukuhlanganiswa ngenye yegama - umkhuhlane ovamile. Ngokwezibalo ze-ARVI, izimpawu kanye nokwelapha ezinganeni zabo ezichazwe ngezansi, iminyaka engaba ngu-3 zihlelwe izikhathi ezingu-6-8 ngonyaka. Lokhu kungenxa yokungazinzi kwesistimu yomzimba.
I-incubation ye-acute infiratory infection (viral infections), engabonakali futhi ephathwe ezinganeni, ngakho-ke, ihlala ezinsukwini ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-10. Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhathi salo siyizinsuku ezingu-3-5. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi sokutheleleka (isikhathi lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthelela abanye) izinsuku ezingu-3-7. Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi nge-agent esebenza ngokuphefumula, i-excretion imisiwe futhi emva kwamasonto ambalwa, njengoba kubonakala ukubonakala kwemitholampilo yokuqala.
Izimpawu ze-ARVI ezinganeni
Isifo esinjalo sinesiqalo esibukhali. Kulesi simo, odokotela ekubonisweni kwe-note 2 syndromes: catarrhal nokudakwa. Eyokuqala ibonakala ngokubonakala kwempawu zangaphandle, phakathi kwazo:
- coryza;
- sneezing ;
- ukulila;
- ukukhwehlela;
- ukukhathazeka emqaleni;
- ubuhlungu uma ugwinya.
Lezi zibonakaliso zokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ezincane ezinganeni ziba yisiqalo ekuqaleni komphumela wokwelapha. Uma kungenjalo, noma ukuqashwa okungalungile nokuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlelo, kunezibonakaliso zokudakwa, njengoba i-pathogen iqala ukukhipha emikhiqizweni yegazi yomsebenzi wayo obalulekile. Kulesi sigaba, okulandelayo kubhaliwe:
- Isistimu ye-nervous impair:
- ubuthakathaka bokunganakwa;
- ukukhathala;
- ukushisa;
- ikhanda ;
- ubuhlungu emehlweni;
- ubuhlungu besisu.
- Ezingxenyeni zezitho zomuthi wamathumbu:
- ukunciphisa ukudla;
- isicasuli;
- ukuhlanza;
- izihlalo ezixekethile.
- Ukunqotshwa kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba kungukunyuka kwama-lymph node zesifunda.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa umkhuhlane we-ARVI enganeni?
Ngenxa yokuthi lezi zifo ezimbili zinesimo segciwane, zinezibonakaliso zangaphandle ezifanayo. Abazali ngokwabo kaningi abakwazi ukubona kahle ukuthi yini ingane egulayo. Phakathi kokungafani okuyinhloko kukhona:
- Umkhuhlane uhlale uqala ngokuphawulekayo. Ngokungakapheli amahora ambalwa emva kokuthola i-pathogen emzimbeni, kukhona ukuwohloka kwenhlalakahle jikelele, ukuphazamiseka, ukukhathala. I-ARVI inenkambo encane ngokunyuka kwezibonakaliso - impumu egijima, ububele emqaleni, khona-ke ukukhwehlela.
- Uma umkhuhlane ubhekene nezinhlungu ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku-39, izikhukhula, ukukhukhuma kwanda. Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane okuphefumula kubhekwa ukucinana komzimba, ukuthunga.
- Ngesikhathi sokubandayo, ukudakwa kunesilinganiso esincane kakhulu. Umkhuhlane ubhekene nenkambo enkulu, ngezinkinga eziningi. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, ukuguqulwa kwe-bronchitis ne-pneumonia kungenzeka.
- Isikhathi eside sokubuyiselwa esivamile kumkhuhlane. Kuthatha cishe inyanga eyodwa. Kukhona i-asthenic syndrome, ekhonjiswa ukhathala okwandayo, ukushintsha kwemizwelo, nokunciphisa ukudla.
Kwezinye izimo, abazali bayaqaphela ukuthi ingane ene-ARVI ilimazwa imilenze. Lesi simo sibonisa izinga eliphakeme lokudakwa komzimba, futhi kuvame ukubonwa ngokungezwa kwenkinga yebhaktheriya. Ngokuvamile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kubanda okungabonakali lapho kungekho khona ukwelashwa kuyaba yi-pneumonia. Kubonakala ngokunqotshwa kwesimiso sokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela okuqinile, kudinga ukwelashwa kwama-antibacterial kanye nokwelapha esibhedlela.
I-ARVI ene-abdominal syndrome ezinganeni
Oomama abaningi, ngokubhekisela kudokotela wezingane, bakhononda ngokuthi isibilini sikhathaza ku-ARVI enganeni. Lo mcimbi uhlelwe ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2 ngemuva kokuqala. Kulesi simo, kukhona ukuhlanza, isitoreji esivamile, kodwa ukucasuka kwe-peritoneum akuphawulwanga. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwe-appendicitis kwenziwa ngephutha. Ukuze uhlolisise kahle, udinga ukubona udokotela.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isisu sesisu esiswini ku-ARVI, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa ezinganeni ezihlukile kokwelashwa kwabantu abadala, kunezinsuku ezimbili. Isizathu salesi senzakalo singaba ukunqotshwa kwesimiso sezinzwa ezizimele ngenxa yezinyosi, ezikhishwa yizifo eziphilayo. Isiguli sigxile:
- ukujuluka okukhulu;
- ukuwohloka kwenhlalakahle jikelele;
- ukuqhuma kwesikhumba, okusheshayo.
Isifo sohudo emantwaneni ane-ARVI
Isifo sohudo ku-ARVI sibonakala lapho lesi sifo sibhekene ne- rotavirus . Le-agent ekhusayo ithinta amathumbu nesisu. Igciwane alinamathele ekwelapheni. Ngokuvamile kukhona uxhumano lwezinambuzane, ukuhlanza, ukwehla okuvamile kwamandla, ukunganaki. Ingane ayibonisi inzalo emidlalweni, ivame ukukhuluma amanga. Lezi zibalo zibhekwa izinsuku ezintathu, emva kwalokho kuqale isikhathi sokuphumula.
I-enterovirus kanye ne-adenovirus nazo ziyakwazi ukudonsa isifo sohudo. Kulokhu, ukudluliselwa kwabo kwenziwa ngendlela yokuxhumana nomndeni. Ukutheleleka kuhambisana nokubonakala kwezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukukhwehlela;
- ukukhathazeka ezindlebeni (okuvamile);
- ukuminyanisa kwamanzi;
- ukubomvu kolimi kanye namagceke omzimba (ngezikhathi ezithile).
Ukuvota ku-ARVI enganeni
Ukuvota ku-ARVI kungaba umphumela wokuphendula komzimba ekukhuphukeni okushisayo okukhulu. Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi esimweni esinjalo lesi simo sisezingeni elilodwa. Uma ingane igula usuku lonke futhi ekupheleni kwayo, isimo sempilo asiphuculisi, izenzo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ze-emetic zilungisiwe, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela. Lezi zimpawu ziwuphawu lokutheleleka kwe-rotavirus, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.
Ukushisa kwabantwana abane-ARVI
Uma sicabangela i-ARVI, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa ezinganeni ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, siyaqaphela ukuthi ukwanda kwamanani okushisa kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala kwesimiso se-catarrhal. Ngakho umzimba ufuna ukubulala igciwane, ukunciphisa umsebenzi wayo, kuvimbela ukukhiqizwa, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesifo. Kodwa ngokushisa okulula, ukubaluleka kwalesi parameter akudluli ama-38 degrees. Ku-ARVI, izinga lokushisa elingama-39 enganeni lingase libe uma kunomkhuhlane. Kukhona izimpawu ezihambisana nalokhu: ikhanda, ama-aches, ingane engenamntwana, wenqaba ukudlala.
Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi izinyathelo zokulwa ne-antipyretic zithathwa uma izindinganiso seziwela uphawu lwe-39 degree. Kuze kube manje, odokotela abavunyelwe ukusebenzisa imithi. Izincomo ezinjalo zibangelwa isidingo sokuqalisa amasosha omzimba, ukwakheka kwama-antibodies ku-pathogen.
Ukushisa kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani kubantwana?
Kumele kuqaphele ukuthi izinyathelo zokulwa ne-antipyretic zithathwa uma izindinganiso seziwela uphawu lwe-39 degree. Kuze kube manje, odokotela abavunyelwe ukusebenzisa imithi. Izincomo ezinjalo zibangelwa isidingo sokuqalisa amasosha omzimba, ukwakheka kwama-antibodies ku-pathogen. Ukutshela ukuthi zingakanani izinsuku zokushisa ku-ARVI ezinganeni eziphethe, odokotela bakhuluma ngenani elilinganiselwe kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5.
Kulesi simo, bayaqaphela ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi izinga lokushisa lihlala kangakanani ku-ARVI enganeni lixhomeke kulokhu:
- ubudala bomntwana
- isimo samasosha omzimba.
- uhlobo lwe-pathogen.
Indlela yokuphatha i-ARVI ezinganeni?
Ukuqala ukwelashwa kwe-ARVI ezinganeni kuyadingeka ngokubonakala kwezibonakaliso zokuqala. Isisekelo sokwelapha kulokhu kuyisimo esiyimpawu - ukulwa nokubonakaliswa: ukugeza impumu, i-gargling, inhalation. Kodwa ukuze ungabandakanyi imbangela kuyadingeka ukunquma uhlobo lwe-pathogen. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuxilongwa okunjalo kuthatha isikhathi, odokotela bafinyelela ekuqokweni kwezidakamizwa ze-antiviral eziningana. Inkimbinkimbi yokwelapha i-ARVI ihlanganisa:
- izidakamizwa ze-antipyretic;
- ukusetshenziswa kwama-antiviral agents;
- Ukwelashwa okuphawulekayo: ukukhwehlela kanye ne-coryza.
Ukwelashwa kwe-ARVI ezinganeni - izidakamizwa
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ama-antibiotic ku-ARVI ezinganeni, njengeziguli ezikhulile, azisebenzi. Awuphumeleli kulolu hlobo lokuphazanyiswa - ayathinta izinambuzane, kanti izifo zokuphefumula zinomzimba wegciwane. Ukulungiswa kokusetshenziswa kweqembu elinjalo lemithi kungenziwa ngenxa yokwengezwa kwezifo ezivela empilweni yebhaktheriya.
Ama-antiviral e-ARVI, abonakaliswa yizingane kanye nemithi yokwelapha ezinganeni, ngezinye izikhathi, kufanele kubekwe ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-1-1.5. Phakathi kwezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ku-ARVI, kuyadingeka ukubiza igama:
- I-antiviral:
- I-Remantadine iphumelela ngokumelene nazo zonke izinhlobo zegciwane le-influenza A; futhi uyakwazi ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-parainfluenza virus; Isidakamizwa sisetshenziselwa izinsuku ezingu-5; Isilinganiso esilinganisiwe salesi sidakamizwa singama-1.5 mg / kg ngosuku, lesi sinani sithathwa izikhathi ezingu-2 (izingane ezineminyaka engu-3-7), izingane ezingu-7-10 - 50 mg izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku, izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 kuya kwezi-3 kwisilinganiso esifanayo .
- I-Arbidol i-reducer esebenzayo ye-interferon, ivuselela ngokushesha amasosha omzimba; Ungaqala ukwamukela kusukela eminyakeni emibili; izingane ezineminyaka engu-2-6 zishiwo 50 mg ngesikhathi, iminyaka engu-6-12 - 100 mg.
- Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kwesimo sendawo:
- Amafutha Oxolin;
- I-Florenal 0,5%;
- Bonaphoton.
- Antipyretics:
- I-Paracetamol isetshenziswa ngesilinganiso esingu-15 mg / kg, 60 mg / kg ingathathwa ngosuku;
- Ibuprofen inqunywe u-5-10 mg / kg wesisindo somzimba wengane, inciphisa ubuhlungu bezinhlungu (i-arthralgia, ubuhlungu besisu).
Kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani kwengane?
Isikhathi sokutheleleka okubangelwa ukutheleleka kwesandulela ngculaza yisiparitha eyodwa kuphela. Abahlengikazi abakwazi ukunikeza impendulo engavamile kulo mbuzo. Ngokwezibalo zokubheka izibalo, ubude obuphakathi kwemvula kusukela ngesikhathi sokuqala kokubonakala kwayo kuze kube yilapho ukunyamalala kwemibonakaliso yemitholampilo kungamaviki angu-1-1.5. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi umama kufanele azibekele ukwelashwa okunjalo eside. Izici ezinquma le parameter ziyi:
- isimo sokuzivikela;
- ukuqina komuthi;
- uhlobo lwesifo.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi noma yiliphi igciwane lingakwazi ukuguqulwa. Leli qiniso linquma ukuthi i-algorithm ngayiphi indlela yokwelapha i-ARVI, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa ezinganeni ezichazwe ngenhla. Lesi simo sishintsha ngokuphelele isakhiwo segciwane - kunezibonakaliso ezintsha ezingabangela odokotela ukuba baphambuke, bahlukumeze inqubo yokuxilongwa. Ngenxa yalokho - isidingo sokwelashwa kwesikhathi eside, ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezintsha, izidakamizwa.
Izinkinga emva kwe-ARVI ezinganeni
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwezinkinga zokuthola ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi emantwaneni ukubandakanya kwezono ze-nose - etmoiditis, sinusitis. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokuphulwa okunjalo ukuhlanganiswa kwesisu njalo. Ingane ngokwakhe iyakhalaza ngokuthi:
- Amakhanda ahlale njalo. Ngokubukeka, abazali bangakwazi ukubona ukukhukhumeza endaweni yomhlathi omncane. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amathuba amaningi okuthuthukisa ukwephulwa okunjalo kubonakala ezinganeni ezine-nasum enezintambo eziphundukile, amazinyo atholakalayo.
- Ukuvuvukala komzila wokuphefumula okuphezulu kubonakala njengesiphumo se-SARS, izimpawu nokuphathwa kwezingane ezifana nezabantu abadala. Nge-laryngitis, izingane zikhononda ngokufiphala, inhlama emphinjeni, i-tickling.
- I-tonsillitis enamandla ithathwa odokotela ngenxa yomkhuhlane. Ingane iba buhlungu ukugwinya, kukhona ukuvuvukala emqaleni. Ukuphulwa okunjalo kuyingozi ngoba kukwazi ukunikeza izinkinga ezinso, isimiso senhliziyo.
- Ukunqotshwa kosizo lokuzwa akuvamile ngemva kwe-ARVI. Odokotela ngokuvamile babhalisa ama- otitis media , eustachiitis. Laba bafana bakhononda ngezinhlungu zokudubula endlebeni, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukuzwa.
Umkhuhlane emva kwe-ARVI enganeni
Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kwengane ngemuva kokuba i-ARVI ibone izinsuku ezingu-1-2. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sinomthamo ophansi, awukhathazi, futhi ukukhwehlela kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka. Uma ukukhwehlela kuqaphela izinsuku ezingu-3-5, ukuqina kwalo akuyehli, kuyadingeka ukuba uye esikhungweni sesazi. Ukuvakashela kudokotela kuzokuvumela ukusungula ukuphulwa, izindlela kanye ne-algorithm yokwelashwa kwayo. Lezi zibalo zifanekisela izifo zendlela yokuphefumula engenhla:
- i-bronchitis;
- i-laryngitis ;
- pharyngitis.
Ingane ine-aches ngemuva kwe-ARI
Ngokuvamile, omama bayaqaphela ukuthi ingane ngemuva kwe-ARVI igula ngamathole. Isizathu esiyinhloko salolu daba olubuhlungu ukudakwa komzimba. Lokhu kuchaza umphumela lapho ingane ngemuva kwe-ARI igcinwa khona ekushiseni kwama-37. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukunciphisa ukuhlupheka, sebenzisa amafutha okufudumala (izinga lokushisa lizimelela ngokwalo). Ikhambi elinjalo lisiza ukwandisa imiphakathi yegazi endaweni, ukwandise ukugeleza kwegazi kubo. Ukukhipha le mphumela ye-ARVI, izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwabaselula kanye nezingane ezibalwe ngenhla, ukwelashwa kunqunywe kusukela ekubonisweni kokuqala.
Ukuvimbela i-ARVI ezinganeni
Ukuvimbela umkhuhlane kanye ne-ARVI ezinganeni, amalungiselelo okuqaliswa okushiwo udokotela, udlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni izifo zokuphefumula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-anti-antiviral anjalo asetshenziswa njengalokhu:
- I-Arbidol;
- Anaferon;
- Tamiflu;
- Ukukhishwa.