Ngaphambi kokuba ukhulume nge-Rh-impikiswano ngesikhathi ukhulelwe, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi i-Rh factor iyini, futhi yiziphi izimo lapho le mpikiswano iqala khona. Ngakho, i-Rh factor ingenye yama-antigens eqembu legazi, etholakala ebusweni bamaseli abomvu (amangqamuzana egazi abomvu). Abantu abaningi banezi-antigens (noma amaprotheni) akhona, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi azikho.
Uma umuntu enesisindo se-Rhesus ebusweni bamaseli abomvu wegazi, base bethi unguRh-positive, uma engekho, uRhesus-negative. Futhi awukwazi ukusho ukuthi iyiphi i-rhesus engcono. Bahlukile - yilokho kuphela.
I-Rh isici esibalulekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma umama wesikhathi esizayo enguRh-negative, futhi uyise wengane unguRh-positive, kukhona ingozi yokuthuthukisa ukungqubuzana kwe-Rh phakathi komama nomntwana. Lokhu kungukuthi, uma ingane ingenayo i-Rh factor ehlukile kwabesifazane, lokhu kungaholela ekunakekeleni umama nesisu.
I-Rh factor yezinto eziphathelene nomama nengane ivela kuma-75% wamacala, uma abazali bomntwana banezici ezihlukile ze-Rh. Yiqiniso, lokhu akusona isizathu sokunqaba ukwakha umndeni, ngoba phakathi nokukhulelwa kokuqala impikiswano ayiphumeli ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ukuphathwa kahle kwezinkinga zokukhulelwa nayo kungagwenywa ekukhulelweni okulandelayo.
Uma kunenkinga ye-rhesus?
Uma ukhulelwa okokuqala, ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-Rh-ingxabano incane, ngoba ayikho ama-antibodies ezidumbu ezingenayo i-Rh emzimbeni womama. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nomhlangano wokuqala we-rhesus amabili, akulona ama-antibodies amaningi kangaka akhiqizwa. Kodwa uma ama-erythrocytes amaningi kakhulu e-fetus angena egazini lomama, khona-ke emzimbeni une "okwamanje amangqamuzana omemori" akwanele ukuthuthukisa amasosha okulwa ne-Rhesus factor ekukhulelweni okulandelayo.
Ukuvama kwalesi simo kuncike ekupheleni kokukhulelwa kokuqala. Ngakho, uma:
- kwakukhona ukuphuma kwesisu - amasosha omzimba egazini akhiqizwa ngamacala angu-3-4%;
- ukukhipha isisu kukhishwa - ingozi yokuxabana yanda ibe yi-5-6%;
- Ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic kwenzeka - ku-1% wamacala;
- Ukukhulelwa kwaphela ekuzalweni okujwayelekile - ingozi i-10-15%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi yokuthola ukukhushulwa iyanda ngemuva kwesigaba sokudla kanye nokuphazamiseka okuphazamisayo. Kodwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani, bonke omama abanengozini yokuvikela i-Rhesus-Conflity badinga imiphumela enjalo njengezifo ze- hemolytic ze-fetus .
Ukungqubuzana kweRhesus nemiphumela yayo
Uma unina une-Rh-antibodies, kanti i-Rh-positive yengane, ama-antibodies aqonda ukuthi ingane iyinto engafanele futhi ihlasele i-erythrocytes yakhe. Egazini lakhe lapho ephendula, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-bilirubin ezikhiqizwa, ezidayisa isikhumba esiphuzi. Into ebuhlungu kunazo zonke kuleli cala ukuthi i-bilirubin ingalimaza ubuchopho bomntwana.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amaseli obomvu e-fetus abhujiswe ngamagciwane omama, isibindi sakhe nesipelingi sisheshe siphuthumise ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli amasha wegazi obomvu, kanti bona ngokwabo bayanda ngesayizi. Noma kunjalo abakwazi ukubhekana nokubuyiswa kabusha kwamaseli abomvu abomvu, futhi kunesifo esiqinile se-oksijeni ye-fetus, ngoba amangqamuzana egazi abomvu awaphuli oksijini ngamanani afanele.
Umphumela omkhulu kakhulu we-Rhesus-impikiswano isigaba sayo sokugcina - ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hydrocephalus, engabangela ukufa kwe-intrauterine .
Uma une-antibodies egazini lakho kanye ne-titer eyanda, udinga ukwelashwa esigodini esikhethekile se-perinatal, lapho wena nomntanakho uzobe unakekelwa njalo. Uma uphatha "ukubamba" ukukhulelwa kumaviki angu-38, uzoba nesigaba sokudla esilungiselelwe. Uma kungenjalo, ingane izonikezwa ukumpontshelwa ngegazi ku-utero, okungukuthi, ngokusebenzisa udonga lwamathumbu omama kuya emthanjeni womzimba kanye no-20-50 ml we-erythrocyte mass uzothululelwa kuwo.