Uyazi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi? Cha, kodwa ngeze. Le nkomba kufanele yaziwe kuwo wonke umuntu kusukela esemncane, njengegama layo lokugcina, igama lokuqala nekheli lasekhaya. Ubuza, ngani? Yebo, empilweni konke kwenzeka. Isibonelo, ingozi emgwaqeni, umuntu olahlekelwe igazi eliningi, odokotela "i-ambulensi" babuza ukuthi ubani onalo hlobo lwegazi, usizo. Uma useduze, wazi iqembu lakho, awuphenduli ngempela? Futhi uma ungazi, uzohlupheka ngenxa yokungabi namandla. Noma esinye sezihlobo sizoba nokuhlinzwa, futhi kudingeke ukuba kube nokumpontshelwa igazi, futhi ungazi ukuthi ufanelekile yini njengomnikeli noma cha. Kodwa bangaki namanje, yiziphi izimo ezenzekayo. Ngakho ulwazi lubaluleke kakhulu. Futhi, kanjani nokuthi ungathola kuphi noma unquma kuphi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi, sizoxoxa ngalesi sihloko.
Igazi lithini?
Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuqonda inqubo yokunquma uhlobo lwegazi ne-Rh factor, ake sikhulume ngalokho okuqukethe khona. Ngakho-ke, izingxenye ezikhona zegazi yi-plasma ye-liquid futhi izakhi ezinjenge-uniform. I-Plasma - lena yiyona ingxenye yegazi, eyenza ibe yikhambi futhi ivumela ukusabalala emzimbeni wethu. Ngendlela, kuvame ukuba igazi lingaphezu kwamanzi kuphela izikhathi ezine, futhi kubantu ababhekene ne-atherosclerosis kanye ne-thrombophlebitis, kwayishumi. Izinto ezakhiwe zifaka amangqamuzana egazi abomvu - ama-erythrocytes, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe - ama-leukocyte kanye namavala okulimaza - amaplatelet. Iqembu legazi ne-Rh factor linqunywa yilokuqala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi phezu kwama-erythrocyte kukhona ama-antigens okuthiwa i-aglutinogens, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili "A" no "B". Futhi i-serum iqukethe ama-antibodies okuthiwa i-agglutinins. Futhi, zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili, "i-alpha" nelithi "beta." Ukuxuba ama-sampuli ehlukene ngamasampuli ahlukene komunye nomunye ekuphenduleni kwawo futhi kuvela ukuthi yiliphi iqembu elilodwa noma elinye lazo. Le ncazelo yeqembu legazi ibizwa ngokuthi isifundo se-ABO. Manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi kunamaqembu ahlukene angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-1.5 ezixhomeke ekuziphatheni komuntu ngamunye. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlukaniswa okuvamile kufaka amaqembu amane, ngaphakathi ngayinye lapho kungaba khona i-Rh factor enhle noma engalungile. Futhi owokuqala, njengombuso, ulawula. Uma, isibonelo, omunye wabazali uneqembu lami neR Rh factor "+" kanti elinye lifanayo, kepha nge Rh isici "-", khona-ke ingane kungenzeka ibe ne-Rh factor. Lesi esinye isizathu sokuthi kungani udinga ukwazi izinkomba zakho. Manje, manje ake sihambe sithole ukuthi ungayitholaphi nokuthi ungaphi lapho ungathola khona noma unqume uhlobo lwakho lwegazi ne-Rh factor.
Kuphi futhi kanjani ukucacisa iqembu legazi?
Yiqiniso, e-laboratory, ngaphezulu, ngeshwa, akukho lutho. Amanye ama-aphoyintimenti akhethekile awadingekile kulokhu. Vele ufike kumtholampilo wendawo bese uyichazela isifiso sakho. Udokotela uyajabula kuphela ukuya emhlanganweni wakho, ngoba abantu abanakekela impilo yabo, hhayi empeleni futhi okuningi. Ngemuva kokuthola ukuhanjelwa, wena ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho phezu kokuhlaziywa okuvamile kwegazi kusuka kumunwe noma kusuka emthanjeni. Khona-ke igazi lithunyelwa ebhokisatri, lapho ukukhwabanisa okulula kakhulu kuzokwenziwa kuyo.
Ukusabela okulula kwe-immune-haematological
Nakhu ukuthi ungayithola kanjani ukuthi yiliphi uhlobo lwegazi onalo, usebenzisa isifundo esilula. Umsizi we-lab-lab ephepheni eliphathekayo elinamapenseli we-wax wenza amanothi ayisishiyagalombili enani lamacembu kanye neRh izici kulowo nalowo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwala manothi, ubeka i-serum eduze kwayo ngayinye yazo, eyanezelwa kancane ngegazi kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwesiguli. Ngokushesha nje lapho iqembu kanye neR Rh factor yesiguli kanye ne-serum reference lihambisana, i-agglutination izokwenzeka. Okokuthi, i-antigen evela ku-serum izohlanganisa ne-antibody kusuka egazini legulane, futhi isihlabathi sizokwehla. Kubonakala ukuthi lokhu kusabela kuyoba imizuzu emihlanu emva kokuhlolwa. Ukunemba, umphumela ku-laboratory ye-isoserological kuqinisekiswa ngokuphendula okuphambene. Isebenza ukuhlola nokucacisa isici seRhesus. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izindinganiso zamaqembu I "a" no-II "b" futhi ungeze igazi kubo ekuhlaziyweni kwesiguli. Ngemuva kwemizuzu emihlanu, ukusabela kuyobonisa ukuthi uhlobo luni lwe-Rh enalo.
Nakhu ukuthi ungathola kanjani iqembu lakho ne-Rh factor yegazi. Ulwazi mayelana nale datha luvame ukufakwa epasipoti, ngoba liwumqulu onokwethenjelwa futhi obaluleke kakhulu kumuntu. Mayelana namaqembu egazi okwamanje, qaphela futhi uphile kahle.