Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Smear - okulotshiwe

Ngokuvamile ukuvakashelwa komuntu wesifazane kumamazi wezifo zezinyanga kuhambisana nesifo sokubheka ukuthi uhlobo luni lwe-microflora yesistimu ye-genitourinary (i-smear jikelele, i-gynecological). Futhi namhlanje sizoxoxa ngalokho okushiwo izibalo kuleli shicilelo ngemiphumela yokuhlaziywa.

Ukumiswa kwesimiso sezinkinga zesisu

Ukuhlolwa kwe-microscopic kanye nokuchazwa kwe-smear kungabonisa izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi, ukuvuvukala.

Ukucwaninga, ama-swabs avela ku-vagin, kanye nomlomo wesibeletho kanye ne-urethra (urethra) kuthathwa nge-spatula ekhethekile. Ukukhishwa okusetshenzisiwe kusetshenziselwa amaslayidi ngokuphawula: ubulili - "V", urethra - "U", isibeletho - "C".

E-laboratory, okokuqala, ukugcoba ama-smears anezinwele ezikhethekile (ngokusho kwe-Gram). Lezi zinto zihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope.

Ukumiswa kokuhlaziywa okujwayelekile kwe-smear kwenziwa ekwenzeni izinkomba ezilandelayo:

1. Epithelium flat. Ngama-indices avamile, i-epithelium (amangqamuzana afaka ubulili nesisu somlomo) ekhona. Inani lalo lihluka kuye ngokuthi umjikelezo wesimiso - kufika kumaseli angu-15 emkhakheni wokubukwa. Inkomba enkulu ingabonisa inqubo yokuvuvukala (vaginitis, cervicitis, urethritis). Uma amaseli e-epithelium engatholakali ku-smear - lokhu kuwubufakazi bokuntuleka kwe-estrogen noma i-atrophy yamaseli e-epithelial.
2. Ama-leukocytes. La maseli enza umsebenzi wokuzivikela emzimbeni, evimbela ukungena kokutheleleka. Ngokujwayelekile, inani lazo esiswini kanye ne-urethra - kuze kufike ku-10, nasemgodini wesibeletho - kuze kufinyelele ku-30. Uma ukuchithwa kwe-smear microscopy kubonisa ukungaphezu kwama-leukocyte, kuyisibonakaliso sokuvuvukala.
3. I-Lactobacilli (i-Dederlein stick) yizithunywa ze -microflora evamile besifazane. Ngezinkomba ezinempilo, kumele kube nenani elikhulu lazo ku-smear. Inani elincane liwuphawu lokuphulwa kwe-microflora yangasese.
4. I-Slime ikhiqizwa yizigonda zesisu nomgogodla wesibeletho. Ngokujwayelekile, kufanele kube ne-mucus encane.
5. I-Fungus Candida - ukuba khona kwayo lapho kuhlaziywa ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela ye-smear evamile kubonisa ukuhlushwa.
6. Uma ukuhlaziywa kwe-smear kubonisa ukuba khona kwama- microorganisms angaphandle (i-gonococci, izinti ezincane, i-trichomonads, amaseli ase-atypical, njll), lokhu kubonisa ukutheleleka.

I-Bakposev Smear - Incazelo

Ukuze kucacise ukuxilongwa, ngezinye izikhathi kudingekile ukuba kufeze isiko le-bacteriological. Lokhu kuhlaziywa kubonisa nokuzwela kwe-ejenti ye-causative yokutheleleka kuma-antibiotics. Ngalendlela, indaba ekhethiwe ifakwa emkhatsini wezakhi ezinsukwini ezingu-7-15. Ekuchazeni ukuhlaziywa kwe-smear, inani labamele izitshalo ezivamile, izimo ze-pathogenic ne-pathogenic kuboniswa ku-CFU (i-colony forming units).

Smear for cytology - umbhalo

I-smear ye-cytology (i-Pap smear) ihlaziywa oluncane olwenzelwe ukucacisa ubukhulu, ukuma, inombolo nendawo yamaseli.

Ukumiswa kwe-smear kwi-oncocytology kanje: imiphumela engafanele (evamile) - wonke amaseli we-epithelium esicaba ne-cylindric ngaphandle kwezici; positive - ukuba khona kwamaseli ase-atypical (ahlukene ngesimo, ubukhulu, esitholakala ngokwemvelo).

Isizathu smear esihle singaba ukuvuvukala okubhebhethekayo, izifo zasemuva (ukuguguleka kwamanzi, ama-polyps, njll), kanye nezimo ze-precancerous (dysplasia) nomdlavuza wesibeletho.

Kunezigaba ezingu-5 zezimo zomlomo wesibeletho:

1. Isithombe esivamile se-cytological.
2. Amaseli ashintshiwe abonakaliswa inqubo yokuvuvukala kwezitho zangasese.
3. Ukutholakala kwamaseli angama-single atypical (ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuzodingeka).
4. Ukuba khona kwenani elincane lamangqamuzana omdlavuza.
5. Inani elikhulu lamangqamuzana omdlavuza.

Smear kusuka emqaleni - umbhalo

Ngokuvamile, i-pharynysis ye-mucus ephuma ku-pharynx yenziwa nge-angina, isifo sokuphefumula esibucayi, i-pertussis, ukutheleleka kwe-meningococcal, nokusola kokuthutha kwezifo ezifweni zezifo.

Ngokuvamile, i-microflora ye-pharynx imelelwa yi-epidermal staphylococcus, i-streptococcus eluhlaza, i-Neisserias engenayo igciwane kanye ne-pneumococci, kanye ne-Candida fungus encane. Ama-microorganisms e-Pathogenic avame ukukhonjwa njenge-Candida albicans, iqembu le-β-hemolytic A streptococcus, i-pertussis agent causative, i-bacillus ye-diphtheria.