Infarction yobuchopho ingenye ye-pathologies eyingozi kunazo zonke, kuyilapho iba yinto evamile kakhulu, kufaka phakathi kwabantu abaphakathi. Ukuchazwa kwesifo kuncike kakhulu ekuhlinzekeni kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanelekile nokunakekelwa kwalesi siguli.
I-infarction ye-cerebral - iyini?
Lesi sifo esibuzwayo yisifo esibucayi se-clinic, esibonakaliswe umsebenzi ongathinteki ebuchosheni ngenxa yokuphela kokunikezwa kwegazi komunye weminyango yayo. Ukutholakala kwendawo kanye nesilinganiso se-lesion kungahlukahluka. Uma i-blood isifinyelele ezingxenyeni zobuchopho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini eyenza ukuthi ihoxise, i-hypoxia (i-oxygen starvation) kanye nezinye izinkinga zemetabolom, izinguquko ze-pathobiochemical, ziyabonakala. Lezi zinqubo, ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-ischemic cascade", ziholela ekulimaleni okungenakuphikiswa kwe-neurons ethintekile nokufa kwabo - i-infarction.
Uma i-cerebral ischemic infarct ivela, indawo ikhiwa nxazonke ze-necrosis foci, lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuphazamiseka khona, kodwa akufinyelelanga ezingeni elibucayi ("i-penicra ischemic"). Kule ndawo, i-neurons ayingakapheli nezinguquko ze-morphological, futhi isikhathi esithile igcina ukusebenza kwayo. Uma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngesikhathi (kungakapheli amahora angu-3-6 emva kokuhlaselwa), ukusakazwa kwegazi kuvamile, izicubu zezinzwa zibuyiselwa. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa, lawa maseli aqala nokufa.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-infarction ye-cerebral ne-stroke ye-cerebral?
Abaningi banesithakazelo ukuthi ngabe imibono ye "cerebral infarction" ne "stroke" iyalingana, ngabe umehluko phakathi kwabo. Igama elithi "infarct" emithi, elisho izicubu ze-necrosis ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi, kusebenza ezinhlanganweni eziningi, kanti "ukushaya" kusho okufanayo, kodwa kuphela ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwemibono kuthathwa ukuze kugweme ukudideka, ngakho-ke ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-cerebral kanye nesifo sobuchopho kuyizilinganiso.
I-Lacunar infarction yobuchopho - kuyini?
Cishe ngamaphesenti angu-20 amacala athuthukisa i-lacunar cerebral infarction, ebonakala ngokubhekwa kwe-necrotic encane ezinhlobonhlobo ezijulile zama-cerebral hemispheres noma esifundeni se-trunk. Isayizi esiphezulu sesishukela esithintekile singama-1.5-2 cm ububanzi. I-pathology ivame ukubangelwa ukunqotshwa kwemithambo emincane yokudla lezi zindawo zobuchopho. Kamuva, esakhiweni sezicubu ezifile, kuhlanganiswa i-cyst, igcwele uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal. Imfundo enjalo, njengombuso, ayingozi futhi ayiphuthukisi ukuphazamiseka okukhulu.
I-infarction eyengeziwe ye-cerebral
Uma i-cerebral infarct ebanzi iyatholakala, lokhu kusho ukuthi ushintsho lwe-necrotic luthinta izindawo ezinkulu ze-hemispheres ngenxa yokuphela kokugeleza kwegazi kwelinye lamarridi e-carotid. Kuye ngokuthi yiziphi i-hemispheres ezithintekayo (kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla), ukuhlukunyezwa okunjalo kwe-cerebral kunemiphumela ehlukile. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuphawula kwaloluhlobo lwe-pathology akubi.
I-infrection ye-cerebral - imbangela
I-inferction ye-cerebral ehlobene nokulimala kwe-cerebral vascular often does not occur suddenly, ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ikhula kancane kancane lapho kunezifo ezithile kanye nezimo ezithandwayo. Ukutholakala kwemikhumbi ye-cerebral kungabangela:
- i-thrombi (i-blood clots);
- wabhubhisa ama-atherosclerotic plaques;
- izingcezu zezicubu ezihlakazekile;
- umoya we-intravascular embolus;
- i-fat embol.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi kungase kwenzeke lapho ubuqotho bemikhumbi buphulwa noma ngenxa ye-spasm yabo ende. Izici ze-Causal zivame uku:
- i-hypertension ;
- i-atherosclerosis;
- i- endocarditis ye- rheumatic;
- ischemic isifo senhliziyo ;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kuhambisana nokucindezelwa okunciphise;
- i-fibrillation ye-atrial;
- i-migraine;
- isifo sikashukela mellitus;
- izifo ze-hematological;
- ukukhubazeka kokuthuthukiswa kwamathambo;
- izicubu ze-vascular;
- i-osteochondrosis yomgogodla wesibeletho;
- isisindo somzimba ngokweqile;
- ukucindezeleka;
- ukuphathwa kabi kotshwala;
- ukubhema;
- ukuntuleka kokuhamba;
- ukulayisha ngokweqile, njll
Ubuciko bobuchopho - izimpawu nemiphumela
I-Ischemic cerebral infarction enezilonda zendawo encane yezicubu zezinzwa kwezinye izimo kunzima ukubona ngenxa yokuguguleka kwezimpawu, kodwa nge-lesion enkulu, isithombe semitholampilo sichazwa, futhi imiphumela ayibandakanyi umphumela obulalayo cishe ezingamaphesenti angu-40 ezisulu. Uma usizo lunikezwa ngesikhathi esifanele, amathuba okuba nomphumela omuhle kakhulu.
Infarction yobuchopho - izimpawu
Nge-infarction ye-cerebral, ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zifanekisela, zivela ezigulini eziningi ekuseni noma ebusuku ngamahora amaningana ngisho nezinsuku ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungukuthi:
- isiyezi esinzima esilandelayo;
- ukuphazamiseka kunoma yikuphi ingxenye yengxenye engenhla noma ephansi;
- ukuphazamiseka kwenkulumo yesikhashana.
Sichaza izibonakaliso eziyinhloko ze-infarction ye-cerebral, ezinye zazo ezibhekwa kulolu hlobo noma uhlobo lokwelapha:
- ukulahlekelwa kokuqonda;
- isicanucanu, ukuhlanza;
- ikhanda;
- umuzwa wokushisa okungazelelwe;
- ukuxubha;
- ubuthakathaka obuqinile;
- izinkinga zokukhuluma;
- umbono ongenakwenzeka;
- ukuzwa kwesithulu;
- isimo sengqondo esinganele;
- ukulahlekelwa ukuzwela ezithombeni;
- ukulahlekelwa kwenkumbulo;
- ukunyakaza okungalawuleki;
- Ubuso obuthakathaka kolunye uhlangothi, njll.
Infarction yobuchopho - imiphumela
Ukuxilongwa kwe-"cerebral infarction" kungaholela kwezinye izifo eziningi, okuvamile phakathi kwazo:
- i-pneumonia ye congestive;
- i-thromboembolism yomshini we-pulmonary;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo enzima;
- i-edema yobuchopho;
- izilonda zokucindezela;
- ukungahambi kahle;
- ukwephulwa kwenkulumo, ukubona, ukuzwa;
- ukuwohloka komsebenzi wengqondo;
- ukuhlukunyezwa kwesisu;
- i-coma;
- ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo.
I-inferection ye-cerebral - ukwelashwa
Uma ukubonakaliswa kutholakala kumuntu oseduze ongabonisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-cerebral, kufanele ngokushesha ubize odokotela futhi unikeze isisulu usizo lokuqala:
- wabeka isiguli emhlane wakhe, ebeka i-roller encane ehlombe, emahlombe, nasekhanda;
- ukuqeda izingubo ezichotshozayo, izesekeli;
- unikeze umoya omusha;
- lapho uhlanza - vula ikhanda lakho kolunye uhlangothi, uhlanze imimoya yomoya wokuhlanza;
- ukukala ukucindezelwa kwegazi.
Iziguli ezitholakalayo njenge-infarction ye-cerebral ziphathwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo eziyisisekelo:
- ukujwayelekile kwemisebenzi yokuphefumula;
- ukuqiniswa komsebenzi wenhliziyo;
- ukulawula umfutho wegazi;
- umthethonqubo wokulinganisela kwamanzi usawoti, i-glucose level;
- ukugcina izinga lokushisa komzimba;
- ukunciphisa i- edema ye- cerebral ;
- ukwelashwa okuphawulekayo kuye ngezibonakaliso zemitholampilo;
- ukuvimbela izinkinga.
Iziguli nezihlobo zabo kufanele zihlakulele ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside, ube nesineke, ukholwe ekuphulukiseni futhi ulandele zonke izincomo zezokwelapha, okwandisa amathuba okuphumelela. Kwezinye izimo, ukungenelela kwe-neurosurgical kuyadingeka ukuze kubuyiselwe ubuciko be-vascular, kodwa kaningi ukwelashwa okunamandla kuphela kuyadingeka. Ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa kubandakanya amaqembu alandelayo ezidakamizwa:
- ama-antiplatelet agents (Aspirin);
- ama-anticoagulants (i-Heparin, i-Warfarin);
- izidakamizwa ze-nootropic (iCerebrolysin, iPyracetam);
- abaphikisi be-calcium (i-Nimotop, i-Akatinol);
- kusho ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ze-rheological zegazi (Reopoliglyukin, Pentoxifylline);
- izidakamizwa ze-hypotensive (lisinopril, i-Furosemide);
- ama-antidepressants (i-Fluoxetine, i-Amitriptyline);
- izidakamizwa ezinciphisa i-lipid (i-rosuvastatin, i-simvastatin).
I-inferection ye-Cerebral - ukuvuselelwa
I-infarction ye-cerebral ebangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene idinga isikhathi sokubuyiselwa eside, lapho okwenziwa khona okuningi kwemisebenzi yobuchopho elahlekile kungabuyiselwa. Ukuvuselelwa emva kwalokhu kuhlaselwa kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- i-physiotherapy (i-parafini zokugeza, i-electrostimulation, njll);
- ukuvivinya umzimba;
- ukusikhipha;
- imikhuba ye-psychotherapeutic;
- ukuzivocavoca ukubuyisela inkulumo;
- ukuqeqeshwa kwememori yokusebenza (ukukhumbula ngevesi, imidlalo yethebula nezakhi zekhanda);
- ukulungiswa kwezenhlalakahle (ukucinga izinto zokuzilibazisa, ukuhambela emathempelini, imiboniso).