I-Epstein-Barr virus iyisifo somuntu we-herpes we-4th. Ebizwa ngokuthi i-virologists yaseNgilandi uMichael Epstein noYvonne Barre, abaqala ukuhlukanisa lolu hlobo lwegciwane ezivela ezintweni ezibulalayo zelphoma, okubonakala kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika.
I-virus ye-Epstein-Barr ihanjiswa kanjani?
Igciwane le-Epstein-Barr lingenye yezifo ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukuthi zithole igciwane. Kukholelwa ukuthi abantu abangaba ngu-90% baphatha igciwane, noma banezinhlamvu ezisegazini labo ezifakazela ngesifo esidluliselwe ebuntwaneni.
Ngokuvamile, ukutheleleka kwenzeka nge-airborne noma ngemikhaya yasekhaya, kancane kancane - ngokumpompela igazi noma ngokocansi. Umuntu olelekile uhlukanisa igciwane futhi angaba umthombo wokutheleleka ezinyangeni ezingu-18 emva kokutheleleka. Iziguli ezine-infectous mononucleosis esiteshini esingapheli ziwumthombo wokutheleleka njalo.
Izimpawu zegciwane le-Epstein-Barr
Endabeni yokutheleleka okuyisisekelo, izimpawu zegciwane lesifo se-Epstein-Barr kungenzeka ukuthi azikho (izifundo ezingaqondakali) noma zibonakalise njengesifo sokuphefumula. Ngokuvamile, igciwane iyimbangela yesifo esithathelwanayo se-mononucleosis. Isikhathi sokugxilwa kwesifo sisuka emavikini amathathu kuya kwangu-8.
Izimpawu ngendlela elula zifana nanoma yiliphi i-ARVI:
- ukwanda kokushisa;
- i-angina;
- ikhanda;
- ubuhlungu emisipha.
Kumpawu eziqondile ezihlukanisa isifo esibangelwa igciwane le-Epstein-Barr kusuka kwezinye i-SARS, kungenzeka ukuthi ulandele:
- ukwanda kwama-lymphoid nodes;
- ukwandiswa kwesibindi nesipere;
- ukunqotshwa kwesikhumba ne-herpes simplex virus;
- ukwanda egazini lama-lymphocytes nama-monocytes.
Ezimweni eziningi, ifomu eliyingozi alidingi ukwelashwa okuqondile, futhi liphathwa ngendlela efanayo nesifo esijwayelekile esibandayo.
Ngokuvamile isifo ngegciwane lesifo se-Epstein-Barr asinayo imiphumela, isiguli siyayithola noma iba yilabo abathintekayo igciwane. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukutheleleka kuvela esimweni esingapheli noma esingapheliyo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kungenzeka ukuba unqobe isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-jade, isifo sofuba.
Yini eyingozi i-Epstein-Barra virus?
Njengoba kunikezwa ukusabalala kokusabalalisa, nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi abantu abaningi bakhuthazelela lesi sifo basencane kodwa bengalwazi, umbuzo ungase uphakamise: ingabe igciwane le-Epstein-Barr liyingozi ngokujwayelekile nokuthi yisiphi isizathu senzalo enjalo ngodokotela.
Iqiniso liwukuthi nakuba lesi sifo ngokwayo singacatshangwa ukuthi asiyingozi futhi singenayo imiphumela, yilo gciwane elihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziningi ezingathí sina. Nakuba ezimweni eziningi isiguli sithola, noma kunjalo, inqubo eyingozi yokutheleleka ingabangela intuthuko:
- i-mononucleosis engenasifo esithathelwanayo;
- i-syndrome engapheliyo ;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezizimele;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zezinto eziphilayo.
Kungenxa yokuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza kuhlotshaniswa nale gciwane, ukungazinaki izimpawu zesifo futhi kungaba yingozi.
Ukuxilongwa kwegciwane le-Epstein-Barr
Ngokujwayelekile, ukuxilongwa kuyadingeka ekwakhiweni kwezinhlobo ezingapheli zesifo ngokusongelwa kwezinkinga, kanye nokuhlela ukukhulelwa.
Ukuhlaziywa okungafani, okungabonisa kokubili i-Epstein-Barr nokunye ukutheleleka kwegciwane, kufaka:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele. Kukhona i-leukocytosis encane, i-lymphomonocytosis nge-mononuclear esesimweni esithile, kwezinye izimo - i-hemolytic anemia, i-thrombocytopenia noma i-thrombocytosis.
- Ukuhlola igazi kwegazi . Ukwenyuka kwezinga le-transaminase, i-LDH nezinye izakhi ze-enzyme kanye namaprotheni wesigaba esibucayi sibonakala.
Ukunquma ukuxilongwa okuqondile lapho kukhona khona izinkomba, i-test e-immunosorbent ehlobene ne-enzyme yegciwane le-Epstein-Barr yenziwa.