"Ilanga, umoya namanzi yizihlobo zethu ezinhle kakhulu!" - yilokho okwashiwo iholide ehlobo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20. Kunzima kakhulu ukuphikisa lokhu okuthunyelwe. Ukugeza emanzini avulekile, imidlalo yangaphandle yangaphandle, ukuhamba emvelo - konke lokho kukwazi ngempela ukuqinisa impilo yethu. Kodwa-ke lo mbuzo uvela, umdlavuza wesikhumba we-melanoma lapho odokotela bamazwe kuwo wonke amazwi amaningi ngokukhamuluka eminyakeni edlule avelaphi? Ake sibhekane nalokhu.
Iphi i-melanoma esikhumbeni evelaphi?
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengokungathi empilweni yethu kusuka ekuboneni kalula kwezinkanyezi zebhizinisi ukuveza imfashini yomzimba othunjiwe, ikholomu yezibalo zalabo abagula ngalezi zifo eziyingozi kakhulu. Futhi, uma nje emashumini eminyaka edlule, i-melanoma yathinteka kuphela ngabantu abawela umgogodla weminyaka engu-50, manje ngisho nalabo abanenkinga ye-melanoma bangabhekana ngisho nabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-23-25 ubudala. Yini eyenza ukuvuselelwa kwalesi sifo, ngubani osemngciphekweni, futhi kuvelaphi lapho i-melanoma yesikhumba ivela khona?
Into ewukuthi, ukuzama ukulandela imfashini nokulingisa izithombe zakho ozithandayo, abantu abasha bobulili bobabili, ikakhulukazi amantombazane, abayizikhululi izibeletho zabo, gazinga ehlobo emabhishi, nasebusika ema- solariums . Ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa okweqile kwamangqamuzana ekhanda lomswakama we-ultraviolet musa ukuma futhi uqale ukungcolisa.
Okokuqala, eqenjini eliyingozi, yiqiniso, abantu (amadoda nabesifazane) kufanele barekhodiwe ngamashumi ama-50, benomkhuba wokwakha izindawo zokuzalwa kanye nezindawo zokubala. Khona-ke labo abangenayo izinguquko esikhumbeni, kodwa emndenini wabo kunezimo ze-melanoma ezihlobo eziseduze. Futhi ekugcineni, phakathi kweziguli ezingenakwenzeka ze-dermatologists kanye ne-oncologists kukhona abantu abanekhanda elimhlophe, elikhuni kalula, izinwele ezibomvu noma ezikhanyayo, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amhlophe nokuhlaza. Wonke amaqembu ahlongozwe ngenhla kufanele acabange ngokucophelela, kodwa ingabe adinga ngempela le tan eyaziwa kakhulu?
Izinhlobo ze-Skin Melanoma
Ngendlela, i-foci ye-melanoma ayitholakali nje esikhumbeni kuphela, kodwa futhi nasendlini yolwelwesi noma ngisho nasebunzini bezitho zangaphakathi. Nakuba lesi sigaba sokugcina sibhekisela ezinyathelweni ezinganakiwe. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlukaniswa kwalesi sifo kuhlukaniswe amafomu amane ayizinhloko:
- I-melanoma engeyona ingulube . Kubizwa nangokuthi i-amelanotic. Iqala noma yikuphi, ngisho nangesigaba somzimba esinempilo esikhumbeni. Ibukeka njenge-bite yezinambuzane, okungukuthi, i-pink bump evulekile, isimo nje esingenasisindo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-melanoma ye-pigmentary kwenzeka kuphela kuma-7% amacala enani lamacala.
- I-melanoma ye-Nodal . Lona ongathandeki kakhulu, ngokombono wezinyanga, uhlobo lokugula olwenzeka kuma-15% amacala omabili wesilisa. Kulesi simo, lesi sifo sihluma ngaphakathi kwezicubu, kokubili isikhumba kanye nezinambuzane ezimangcwaba. Ezimweni ezimbi, ngisho nemisipha kanye nemigudu iyathinteka.
- I-melanoma enonya . Ngenye indlela, i-lentigo embi ibizwa. Njengomthetho, kuthinta isikhumba ezindaweni ezivulekile, ubuso, izandla nentamo. Kulo lonke inani lamacala, leli fomu libalelwa ku-10%, nabantu abadala begula.
- I-subungil melanoma . Igama likhuluma ngokwalo. Kule nqubo, isikhumba seminwe yezandla nezintende zezandla, kukhula ngokushesha kakhulu, kubangelwa amacala angu-10%.
Izimpawu nokuxilongwa kwe-Skin Melanoma
- Noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwe-melanoma enemibala kubonakala nge-asymmetry yayo. Uma udweba umugqa oqondile phakathi nendawo, ama-halves ayo azohluka ngokuphelele.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, njengombuso, kuqala ngama-moles, ama-birthmarks noma ama-freckles . Futhi, uma zisezindaweni zokuqhaqhazela okukhulu, ku-groin noma ngaphansi kwezigqoko, ingozi iyanda ngezinye izikhathi.
- Izindawo ezigayiwe zinemibala engavamile. Endaweni eyodwa, imibala ebomvu, ebomvu, emnyama futhi emnyama ingahlanganiswa, ishintshe ibe yinye.
- Awekho izinwele ezitholakala nge-melanoma, kanti i-foci ngokwayo ikhula kancane kancane, iqala kusukela ebangeni lobubanzi bebhola bese lifinyelela ezindaweni ezinkulu kakhulu. Ukuhlola i-100% lesi sifo kungaba yindlela yokwenza i-biopsy kanye nokuhlolwa okuphelele komzimba wonke ngaphakathi ekusungulweni kwesibhedlela.
Ukwelashwa kwe-melanoma yesikhumba
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba se-melanoma kuyinto eyodwa kuphela - ukuhlinzwa, ngoba kuyisisu esibi, okufanele sisetshenziswe kakade emazingeni okuqala.
Ukususwa kwe-melanoma kwenziwa nge-3-5 cm linezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile, ukuze ugweme ukuthola amangqamuzana omzimba we-tumor abe ngamaseli wesikhumba enempilo. Ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokususwa, i-preoperative radiotherapy yenziwa. Iphilisa zonke izilonda namanxeba akhiwe nxazonke.
I-immunotherapy ne-melanoma ayinamandla, njengoba inikeza imiphumela emibi kakhulu, kunokusiza ekuphulukiseni ukugula. Uma ufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ekuqaleni, i-melanoma ikhambi ngokuphelele. Noma, uma usebenzisa i-sunscreen futhi usebenzise izipho zemvelo ngengqondo, khona-ke ngeke kudingeke uphathwe.