Ukuhlukumezeka kwama congenital kuhluke kakhulu futhi kungenziwa ngokuphathelene nanoma yisiphi isakhiwo noma uhlelo lomntwana. Masinyane kufanele kubhekise ukuthi izingane ezinenkinga ezinjalo zingabonakala ngokufanayo emndenini ovamile, futhi kulezo eziholela endleleni engavumelekile yokuphila.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkinga zokuzalwa kwangasese kunamaqembu amabili amakhulu, njengama-malformations efa nefa. Kodwa-ke, lesi sigaba sinesihlobo esikhulu kakhulu, ngoba kukhona inani elimangalisayo lamacala lapho ukubonakala kwezimpawu ezihlukunyezwayo kuthinteka ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezithathwa njengefa kanye nomthelela omubi wendawo yethu. Ngenxa yokuthi izifo ezibangelwa ukubeletha zingaba yindawo engalindelekile, sizocabangela lokho okuvame ukutholakala emisebenzini ye-obstetric.
I-torticollis yama-Congenital
Lesi yisifo esijwayelekile kakhulu, okuyinto engafanele isikhundla senhloko yomntwana. Kungaba ngezindlela ezincane ezithambekele noma eziphendukile. Isizathu singase sibe:
- ukuthuthukiswa komzimba we-sternocleidomastoid;
- isikhundla esingalungile se-fetus esibelethweni;
- ukuhlukumezeka kwesakhiwo sekhanda lomama, lapho kuzalwa kunzima;
- isibambo esengeziwe somlomo wesibeletho esakhiwe emntwaneni;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwentamo yentombazane nokuningi okuningi.
I-hydrocephalus yama-Congenital
Lesi sifo sibhekisela ekutheni ukwandisa ngokweqile kanye nokuqoqwa kwamanzi kagesi emcimbini we-fetus, oqala ngisho nalapho usesibelethweni. Lesi simo sinamandla okwenza ukucindezela okungadingekile ebuchosheni, ukulimaza futhi kubangele ukukhubazeka kwengqondo nangokomzimba.
Ukwelapha kufanele kuqale ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Njengomthetho, i-hydrocephalus engama-congenital ingaphathwa ngezindlela eziningana:
- ngokugxilisa ubuchopho bomntwana;
- imithi;
- ukukhishwa kwe-lumbar;
- izindlela zokusebenza.
I-Anomalies yentuthuko yenhliziyo
Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ezinkambisweni ze-pathological eziphazamisa isakhiwo senhliziyo, imithwalo yegazi nemithambo yegazi, futhi kuthinte izibopho zabo noma ukusebenza kwazo. Izizathu zezimo ezinjalo zingaba:
- ukungafani kwe-chromosomal ye-fetus;
- ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo;
- Ukuziphatha okubi ngokobulili ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye nesifo senhliziyo esiswini sekuye kwaphela;
- ukuzalwa.
Ama-anomalies ekuthuthukiseni ubuchopho
Lezi, mhlawumbe, izinhlobo eziningi ezimbi kakhulu, ezingenakulungiswa noma eziphathwayo. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo:
- i-microcephaly, uma ubukhulu be-skull ngenxa yobuchopho ekuthuthukiseni buyinto encane kakhulu;
- i-hernia craneocerebral;
- ukwehla kwengqondo noma, njengoba kubizwa nangokuthi, i-hydrocephalus;
- i-craniostenosis, lapho i-sutures ye-cranial isondela khona ngaphambi kwegama futhi ivimbela ubuchopho ukuba bukhule.
Ukuwohloka komqondo okubangelwa yi-congenti
Ngeshwa, ukuxilongwa okunjalo akukwazi ukusungulwa masinyane kakhulu. Ihambisana nezinga elihlukile lokunciphisa kwengqondo nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo ye-psyche. Njengomthetho, izizathu zalesi simo zihlukumezeka ngezifundo ezihlukahlukene zenkambo yokukhulelwa.
I-Perinatal pathology yesistimu ye-central central
Izingane ezingakafiki ngonyaka owodwa, zivame ukufaka ukuxilongwa okunjalo. Uthi ekuthuthukiseni umfanyana ngaphakathi kwesibeletho somama, ukubeletha noma isikhathi sokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchopho bomntwana bukhungethwe kabi.
Izimbangela ze-CNS zokubeletha zingase zibe:
- hypoxia yesisu ;
- ukuguqulwa kokuqala;
- i-toxicosis;
- izinhlungu zokubeletha zomntwana;
- i-jaundice ende nokuningi.
Ngeshwa, kunikezwe isimo esibi sezemvelo, ukuziphatha okubi koomama esikhathini esizayo kanye nesilinganiso esiphansi sokuphila, ukubeletha kokubeletha sekuvame kakhulu ezindongeni zezibhedlela zokubeletha.