Izinguquko zemvelo emzimbeni wesifazane ezihlotshaniswa nokuphela kwesikhathi sokuzala zibizwa ngokuthi i-menopause kubesifazane. Uphawu oluyinhloko lokuya esikhathini sokuphela kokuphela kokuya esikhathini ukuphela kokuya esikhathini, noma kunjalo, ukusebenza kokuya esikhathini ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kungase kuphele kancane kancane. Ngokujwayelekile izinguquko ezinjalo zithathwa owesifazane ngamunye oneminyaka engama-40 kuya ku-50. Isikhathi sokuya esikhathini sokuya esikhathini singashintsha eminyakeni emibili kuya kweyishumi, ngalesi sikhathi kukhona ukulungiswa okuphelele kwesistimu ye-endocrine yowesifazane.
Ukwehla kwesimiso semvelo kuqala emva kweminyaka engu-50, uma ukuya esikhathini kuyaphela eminyakeni engama-40-45, khona-ke lokhu kuyisisu sokuqala. Futhi kwamanye abesifazane besimanje kukhona ukwehlukana okuhlobene nobudala ekuqaleni kokuya esikhathini: emva kweminyaka engama-35 emzimbeni wesifazane kunciphisa izinga lamahomoni akhiqizwa ama-ovarie, futhi kwenzeka esikhathini sokuqala sokuya esikhathini. Uma owesifazane enezibeletho noma ama-ovari asusiwe, ukungabi khona kwezinsuku kubizwa ngokuthi i-menopause yokufakelwa. Ukuya esikhathini sokuqala nokuqala kwesikhathi kungenzeka ngenxa yokuphila okungalungile okuhlobene nokucindezeleka, imvelo, imikhuba emibi, kanye nezifo ezedlule.
Izimpawu zokuqala zokuya esikhathini
- ukuzwa ukukhathala okungapheli;
- ukushintsha isimo sengqondo nokuthambekela kokucindezeleka;
- ikhanda eliqhubekayo;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala;
- isimo sokukhathala kwengqondo;
- ukuzwa okungathandeki kwesiswini: ukushaywa, ukuvutha, ukungabi khona okulula.
Khona-ke ukuphazamiseka kwemifino, okuthiwa "amaqhubi" (ukuzwa komkhuhlane ebusweni, entanyeni nesifuba) kunezelwa kulezi zimpawu. Ama-tides angathola owesifazane nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku futhi ahlale emaminithini amathathu kuya kwangu-30.
Ukuya esikhathini sokuqala nokuya esikhathini esingaphansi kwesikhathi kuhlotshaniswa nokungondleki okungahle kwenzeke, ngakho-ke abesifazane ababhekana nale nkinga kufanele baxhumane nomchwepheshe ukuze bathole imbangela nenhloso yokwelashwa.
Ukwelashwa kokuya esikhathini sokuqala
Indlela eyinhloko yokwelashwa ukuqokwa kwe-hormone replacement therapy (HRT) ukuze kutholakale ukuntuleka kwamahomoni ocansi. Isu esiyinhloko sokuqokwa kuka-HRT ukuhlinzeka ngomthelela omkhulu wokwelashwa ngokusabela okuncane okungalungile. Amacebo aphambili wokumisa i-HRT ngokusho kwe-International Congress ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kwesikhashana:
- U-HRT kufanele akhethwe ngamunye, kuye ngezifo ezikhona kanye nezintandokazi zowesifazane ngokwakhe;
- U-HRT kufanele abe yingxenye yesulo eliphelele elihlose ukuthuthukisa owesifazane futhi kufaka phakathi nokuvimbela isifo senhliziyo;
- I-HRT ithinta ngokuqinisekile ukuqedwa kwamabonakaliso omama, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-urogenital, i-osteoporosis.
Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kwama-hormone kunezinto ezikhathazayo, isibonelo, i-HRT ayikwenyusa ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza webele futhi inciphise ukufa kwabantu ngo-30%, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo umbuzo wemiphumela yama-hormone ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo se-Alzheimer noma umdlavuza wesisu awukakulungiswa.
2. Kukhona amanye amathuluzi anganciphisa ukufika esikhathini, isibonelo, njenge-phytoeclogens. Lezi zitshalo zemvelo zingathinta umzimba womuntu, futhi zinciphise ingozi yezifo ezihambisana nokunciphisa izinga lama hormone ocansi.
3. Ukudla okunempilo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqedeni izimpawu zokuya esikhathini. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukudla okunempilo kungasiza abesifazane ukuba balwe nezinguquko emzimbeni. Isibonelo, amaprotheni abaluleke kakhulu kubesifazane, inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu kanye nama-carbohydrate, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha kufanele kuncishiswe, kodwa akuqedwe ngokuphelele. Imikhiqizo yobisi, izithelo nemifino kufanele ifakwe ekudleni kwansuku zonke, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nokudla kwe-caffeine kufanele kube nomsindo kakhulu.
4. Indlela yokuphila enempilo izosiza ekubhekaneni nalezi "zamanzi". Inqubo yansuku zonke ephoqelekile, ukuhamba kuyadingeka, ukuhamba ngezinyathelo nokuphakamisa izisindo nakho kuyasiza ukunciphisa ingozi ye-osteoporosis.
5. Amafutha okugcoba kanye nama-creams akusiza ukugcina ukukhishwa kwesisu ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.