Umdlavuza we-Thyroid - izimpawu, izimbangela, ukwelashwa nokubikezelwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze-oncology

Umdlavuza we-Thyroid yisifo esitholwa ukuthi asikho kangako. Kwenzeka ku-1% wamacala azo zonke izinhlobo zegciwane. Kulaba besifazane, lesi sifo sitholakala kathathu kaningi kunesisindo esinamandla. Isigameko sezinga eliphezulu sibonakala kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-45 kuya kwengu-60.

Umdlavuza we-Thyroid - imbangela

Kuze kube manje, ochwepheshe ngeke bakwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi yini eyabangele lokhu kuphazamiseka. Noma kunjalo, zikhomba izinto eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokukhula kabi. Phakathi kwabo, umthelela omkhulu usebenza ngezimo ezinjalo:

1. Ukuzikhethela kwe-Hereditary - ososayensi osanda kutholakala baye baqaphela isandulela esidluliselwa ezihlotsheni eziseduze, okubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo. Uma likhona emzimbeni, amathuba okutholakala kwe-oncology ayi-100%.
2. Izimo zokusebenza eziyingozi - umsebenzi oqakathekileko wezisebenzi zezokwelapha ohlangene nemisebe ye-ionizing kucatshangelwa. Futhi eqenjini labasebenzi abengozi kakhulu kukhona izitolo "ezishisayo" nalabo abasebenza imisebenzi ehlobene nezinsimbi ezinzima.
3. Ukuvezwa kwemisakazo - emva kwengozi yaseChernobyl, ukukhanya kwe-oncology kwegciwane le-thyroid ezindaweni eziningana kwakutholakala kaningi izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-15 ngaphambi kwalesi senzakalo. Ingozi ithwala ngisho nemvula yamanzi ephuma njalo emva kokuhlolwa kwesikhali sezikhali zenuzi.
4. Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile - ukushaqeka okukhulu nokwesaba okukhulu kuphazamisa isimo sokuzivikela. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo lokuzivikela alukwazi ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
5. Imikhuba elimazayo - emotheni kagwayi aqukethe i-carcinogens, eyononda umzimba. Ulahlekile amasosha omzimba nokuphuza utshwala.

I-cancer ye-gland yegciwane ingabangela izinto ezinjalo:

• izicubu ezigulini ezincelisayo;
• ama-polyps e-rectum;
• goiter multinodular ;
• umdlavuza wekolon ;
• ama-nodules egunjini le-thyroid;
• izifo zesimiso sesisu sokuzala;
• izinguquko ze-hormone emzimbeni, ngenxa yokukhulelwa noma ukuyeka esikhathini.

Umdlavuza we-Thyroid - ukuhlukaniswa

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokwakheka okubi. Ngokuya ngesakhiwo sakhe sengqondo somdlavuza we-thyroid, lezi zinhlobo zinezi:

• i-plastic;
• i-follicular;
• i-papillary;
• i-medullary.

Umdlavuza we-papillary we-thyroid

Leli fomu elivame kakhulu le-neoplasm eyingozi: itholakala ngamacala angu-80%. Lesi sifo sathola igama layo kusuka egameni lesiLatini, elihunyushwe ngokoqobo ngokuthi "papilla". Yile ndlela i-tumor ibukeka ngayo: ebusweni bayo kunezinkomba ezifana ne-papillae yangaphandle. Umdlavuza we-papillary wegciwane kubhekwa njengesifo esihlukanisa kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, amangqamuzana awo awabukeli kuqala ukubona, njengempilo.

Lapho ufunda ngaphansi kwe-microscope ye-gland yegciwane kubantu abanobuchopho, ku-10% amacala amaphoyinti amancane atholakala. Ngokuvamile izicubu ezinjalo aziba nomthelela. Uma beqala ukukhula, kubalulekile ukuthi benze ngokuphuthumayo. Umdlavuza onjalo we-gland gland awuthambekeli ukuvumela imishanguzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaphathwa kahle uma uthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi.

Umdlavuza we-Medullary we-thyroid

Lolu hlobo lokubunjwa okungavamile aluvamile kakhulu: lufunyanwa ngamacala angu-5-8%. Umdlavuza we-Medullary we-teyroid uyingozi ngoba i-tumor esebenzisa i-capsule ingahluma ku-trachea. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungenzeka ukulimaza izitho zomzimba zesikhumba, isibindi, amaphaphu nezinye izitho zangaphakathi. Ingozi yalolu hlobo lomdlavuza yukuthi ibudlova futhi iyathuthuka ngesivinini esisheshayo.

Umdlavuza we-follicular we-thyroid

Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo esibi lubhekwa njengesibili oluvame kakhulu ngemuva kwefomu le-papillary. Ngaphandle, i-tumor ifana ne-bubble, yingakho lesi sifo sithole igama elinjalo. Ngokuvamile isifo esinjalo sibonakala kulabo abadla ukudla okungenamsoco ekudleni kwe-iodine. Umdlavuza we-follicular we-thyroid ku-30% wamacala awusakazeki emathangeni angomakhelwane futhi awuhlwanyeli emithanjeni yegazi. Noma kunjalo, lesi sifo singaziphatha kabi. Angathinteki kuphela amakhemikhali lymph kanye nemithambo yegazi, kodwa namathambo namaphaphu.

Isifo somdlavuza we-thyroid

Lesi sifo sibonakala singavamile kakhulu. Kubonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kocingo lwamaseli ase-atypical. Umdlavuza we-thyroid we-anticlastic ubhekene nokukhula okukhulu kwezicubu. I-gland isanda kakhulu ngobukhulu, icindezela izitho eziseduze. Lokhu kugcwele izinkinga ngokugwinya nokuphefumula. Ngokuvamile lesi sifo sitholakale kulabo asebekhulile.

Umdlavuza we-Thyroid - izimpawu

Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sakhiwo esibi kuhambisane nezimpawu ezithile. Izimpawu zomdlavuza we-Thyroid kubantu besifazane zinezi:

• ukucindezeleka kwegazi okungaphephile ;
• uphawu luzwakala entanyeni;
• ngokuvamile uveza ubuhlungu obuhlangene;
• okuphawuleka ukulahlekelwa izinwele okukhulu;
• isikhumba soma kakhulu;
• kukhona ukwephulwa kokulala;
• isisindo somzimba sishintsha ngokumangalisayo;
• izwi liye lishaye;
• ukunqoba ukuhlaselwa ukushisa;
• inkumbulo ikhula futhi ukugxila kokunciphisa kunciphile;
• isinciphiso sesifiso socansi;
• nemimoya eguquguqukayo.

Izigaba zomdlavuza wegciwane

Noma yimiphi imfundo yomdlavuza ihamba ngezinyathelo ezine zokuthuthukiswa. Uma kunquma isiteji, udokotela ucabangela lezi zici ezilandelayo:

• usayizi wesisu;
• ukuthi isakaze kangakanani (kukhona ukugxila ngaphakathi kwegundane noma ukusabalalisa kumathissi aseduze);
• ukutholakala kwe-metastases.

Umdlavuza we-Thyroid udlula ngezigaba ezinjalo zokuthuthukiswa:

1. I-tumor ububanzi ingaphansi kuka-2 cm, ukwakheka okungalungile akusho ukubola i-capsule. Kulezi zigaba azikho izidakamizwa.
2. Isisu esisodwa esikhulu noma amafomu amaningi amancane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-thyroid, lapho zitholakala khona, ama-metastases angase avele.
3. I-tumor iyanda futhi ikhula ibe i-capsule. Kungaba yizicucu ezingxenyeni ze-trachea. Kulesi sigaba, izidakamizwa zithinta izingxenye zomzimba we-thyroid.
4. I-tumor ikhula ngokujulile. Umdlavuza we-Thyroid (isigaba 4) ungatholakala nge-iso. Engxenyeni yangaphakathi yentamo inqwaba enkulu. Ikhuliswe ngobukhulu begciwane le-thyroid. I-metastase ithinta inani lezitho nezicubu eziseduze.

Umdlavuza we-Thyroid - ukuxilongwa

Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokukhathazeka, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha. Okokuqala, uzokulalela ngokucophelela isiguli, uzohlola futhi agulise i-thyroid nentamo. Uma ebona ukwehlukana okujwayelekile, uzongcoma ukuba ahlole lokhu:

• i-ultrasound (umdlavuza wegciwane awukwazi ukutholakala nge-100% ukuzethemba ku-ultrasound)
• isifiso esihle senaliti sinamathele ukuphikisa ;
• ukucacisa;
• i-laryngoscopy;
• I-MRI;
• ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwabaqaphi.

Umdlavuza we-Thyroid - ukwelashwa

Kunezindlela eziningana zokulwa nesifo esinjalo. Ukuzikhethela kwabo kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwe-lesion, ubukhulu bayo, ukutholakala kwe-metastases njalonjalo. I-cancer ye-gland yegciwane iphathwa ngezindlela ezinjalo:

• ukwelashwa kwe-radioiodine;
• amalungiselelo e-hormonal;
• ukungenela kokuhlinzwa;
• i-irradiation;
• i-chemotherapy.

Umdlavuza we-Thyroid - izincomo zomtholampilo

Ezimweni zokuqala zenkinga, ukwelashwa kwemithi ekhethiwe kahle kusiza ukubhekana nalokhu. Kulokhu, izidakamizwa ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa:

• Somatulin;
• L-thyroxine;
• I-Bleomycin Sulphate.

Uma umdlavuza wegciwane utholakala, udokotela uzokutusa izincomo ngokuphathelene nokudla okunomsoco. Kubalulekile ukucebisa ukudla ngemikhiqizo enjalo ye-iodine:

• imifino (beet, utamatisi, amazambane, i-garlic);
• izithelo namajikijolo (cherries, persimmons, apula, rowan);
• i-millet kanye nokunye okunye okunye;
• Izilwane zasolwandle (crab, squid, iklabishi yasolwandle);
• inhlanzi;
• inyama;
• imikhiqizo yobisi (ushizi, ubisi, i-cottage shizi);
• amaqanda.

Umdlavuza we-Thyroid - ukuhlinzwa

Kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zokungenela okuhlinzayo:

• inani le-thyroidectomy - igciwane le-thyroid lisuswe ngokuphelele kanye nama-lymph nodes abathintekayo;
• ukuthengiswa kwe-subtotal - ingxenye yelungu igcinwa.

Uma umdlavuza we-thyroid usakaze imithanguzo ngaphakathi kwe-capsule, udokotela ubona kuyadingeka ukususa izicubu ezithintekile ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukwelashwa kulokhu kuboniswa yizigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Ukulungiselela isiguli - udinga ukudlula zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo ekusebenzeni. Ngesikhathi le nqubo isenziwa, umuntu akufanele abe nezifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi noma izifo ezingapheli.
2. Ukubonisana ne-anesthhesiologist, udokotela ohlinzayo nodokotela - isiguli sinelungelo lokukwazi ukuthi umsebenzi uzokwenziwa kanjani, nokuthi ukuphazamiseka okunjalo kubhekene nakho.
3. Ukwethulwa kwe-anesthesia jikelele - umuntu usebusweni obuthongo obunzima, akazwa ubuhlungu noma noma yikuphi ukungathandeki.
4. Ukwenza ngokuqondile ukusebenza - ubude benqubo buxhomeke ekubuneni kwawo. Uma i-gland yegciwane kufanele isuswe, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kuzokwenziwa ngehora. Uma kudingeke ukuba kusetshenziswe ama-lymph nodes okwehliswayo, inqubo ingahle ibambezeleke amahora angu-2-3.
5. Ukuvuselelwa kwangemva kokusebenza - isiguli sasinqunyelwe ukuphumula okuqediwe kokulala kwamahora angu-24 okuqala. I-drainage efakwe emgodini lapho kwenziwa khona umsebenzi. Kule tube ithumela ngaphandle kuphuma. Usuku oluthile lwamanzi lususwe futhi luboshwe. Emva komdlavuza wegciwane uye waqhutshwa, isiguli sikhishwa ekhaya izinsuku ezingu-2-3. Kodwa-ke, udinga ukuvakashela ohlinzayo njalo ukuze akwazi ukuhlola ukuthi yonke into iyaphila nokuthi isimo somuntu siyini.

Umdlavuza we-Thyroid - ukubikezela

Ekunqumeni lesi sici, isakhiwo sakhe esiyinkimbinkimbi yesilonda sidlala indima ebalulekile.

I-oncology ye-gland yegciwane kaningi lokhu:

1. Umdlavuza we-Anaplastic cishe cishe u-100% wokufa.
2. Ifomu le-Medullary - linesilinganiso esincane sokusinda.
3. Uhlobo lwezintambo - luhlukumeze kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezingenhla. Unesibonakaliso esihle somphumela omuhle, ikakhulukazi kwiziguli ezingaphansi kuka-50.
4. Umdlavuza we-Papillary ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwegciwane le-thyroid - unesibikezelo esihle kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, amathuba okuphulukiswa angaphezu kwama-90%.