Kuzindaba nakweminye imidiya yezindaba, ngokuvamile kunezimiso ezehlukene zezomnotho, futhi ngenxa yokungazi izincazelo zabo, ukungaqondani okungafani kungavela. Ukwaziswa okuwusizo kuyoba ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlukunyezwa nokuthi yiziphi izimo ezibacasulayo.
Yini i-deflation?
Uma uqondiswa yimvelaphi yaleli gama, khona-ke ngesiLatini elithi "deflatio" lisho "ukuphulukiswa". Uma i-deflation inesithakazelo - kuyini, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi leli gama lisho ukuthini ukwandisa inani langempela lemali namandla ayo okuthenga. Uma kukhona ukuhlukunyezwa kuleli zwe, kunciphisa njalo emanani entengo namasevisi.
Ekuboneni kokuqala, kungase kubonakale kuningi ukuthi ukwandisa amandla okuthenga kuhle, kodwa uma ubheka izizathu, amathemba awabonakali kahle kakhulu. Okunye okufanele ukunakekele umbono onjalo ngokuthi i-deflation factor noma, njengoba kuthiwa yi-deflator. Kuqondwa njengenani elimisiwe minyaka yonke, elithinta izinguquko kumanani omthengi wezimpahla nezinsizakalo esikhathini esedlule. Le coefficient incike ekushicilelweni okusemthethweni.
Ukuchayeka kuhle noma kubi?
Inqubo yokwehla kwamanani ingabonwa kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili, kodwa uma uphendukela kubachwepheshe, bavame ukukhuluma ngemiphumela emibi. Ukuze uqinisekise lokhu, kubalulekile ukucabangela lokho okushiwo ukuhlukumeza kubi:
- Ukuvela kwe-deflationary spiral. Lapho abantu bebukele ukwehla kwamanani, bazama ukubambezela ukuthengwa kwezimpahla ezibizayo, balinde izaphulelo. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni ukukhula emnothweni, okungukuthi, ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu. Lesi simo singabuyekezwa izikhathi eziningi. Ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlukumeza, nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ukuvuvukala kwe-deflationary kungathinteki kuphela ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla, kodwa nemali. Muva nje, abantu sebeqale ukuthatha izimali eziningi zokutshala izimali, okungabangela ukwehla kwamakethe nokwehla kwesimo.
- Ngenxa yentengo ephansi yezimpahla, inzuzo yamabhizinisi iyancipha futhi intuthuko yabo iyanqamuka. Ngenxa yalokho, abaphathi abakwazi ukukhokha inkokhelo ngokugcwele futhi kufanele bashise abasebenzi.
- Imiphumela emibi nayo iphathelene nendawo yokubonga, ngoba abantu bayeka ukuboleka imali, ngoba kuzodingeka bakhokhe imali enkulu, ngoba inani lemali liyokhula.
Yini i-deflation ne-inflation?
Inani lentengo yokuqala linikezwe ngenhla, futhi ngokuqondene nokwehla kwamandla emali, landisa izinga jikelele lempahla yezimpahla nezinsizakalo, okuthinta amandla okuthenga weyunithi yezimali. Ngakho-ke, umuntu angafinyelela isiphetho mayelana nokwahlukana phakathi kokuhlukunyezwa kwamandla emali, ngoba lezi zizinto ezimbili eziphikisanayo. Zombili lezi zizwe zingacasulwa ngenhloso noma zivele ezinqumweni ezingalungile.
Ukuhlukunyezwa nokwehla kwamandla emali kwakucatshangelwa ngokucophelela, futhi kwaphetha ngokuthi umbuso wokuqala uyingozi kakhulu emnothweni kunesibili. Ochwepheshe bathola ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwemali ka-1-3% ngonyaka kubhekwa njengento ebonisa ukukhula komnotho, kodwa ukwehluleka kwe-1-2% ngonyaka kungaholela enkingeni enkulu. Isibonelo siwuhlukumeza eMelika ngo-1923-1933, okwaphela ekuHlukeni Kokukhulu.
Izimbangela Zokuhlukunyezwa
Ochwepheshe bathola izici ezilandelayo ezivusa ukwehluleka:
- Ukunciphisa ukuboleka. Uma amabhange eqala ukunikeza imali encane kubantu, lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kwemali ekusakazweni.
- Ukwandisa ekukhiqizeni okuningi . Intengo yezimpahla izokwehla, uma izimali zabantu zingashintshi, futhi okukhiphayo kuzokwenziwa ngaphezulu. Inqubo yokuhlukumeza ingaba umphumela wokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha ekukhiqizeni. Ngokuvamile, izinto ezintsha zenza amanani aphansi kanye nokungasebenzi.
- Ukwenyuka kwemali yemali . Uma abantu beqala ukuhlehlisa okunye, imali ayiphumeli, eyandisa inani layo.
- Izombusazwe zomnotho onzima . Ngokuvamile indlela yokunciphisa imali yokusebenzisa uhulumeni ayiphumelelanga futhi iholela ekusenikeni (isibonelo, eSpain ngo-2010).
Ukuhlenga-izimpawu
Kunezici ezimbalwa eziyinhloko ezingabonisa ukuthi izwe libhekene nokwehliswa kwemali. Okokuqala, inkokhelo yesilinganiso isancishisiwe, futhi abantu banciphisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona ukwanda kokungasebenzi. Okwesibili, ukwehluleka kwemali kuholela ku-http: //foxysister.ru/node/add/article?task_id=7198 ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nokwehla kwesidingo somthengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lemalimboleko emabhange likhula futhi kuba nzima kakhulu ukuba abantu bakhokhele imali abayithathile ngaphambili.
Ukuhlenga - indlela yokulwa?
Indlela kuphela elungile yokubhekana ngokushesha nokwehliswa kwemali ngaphandle kwemiphumela, cha. Isinqumo esifanele sokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma i-deflation isebenzisa isipiliyoni samazwe akwazi ukubhekana nalesi simo. Isibonelo, umbuso ungasebenzisa inqubomgomo yezimali ezithambile, okungukuthi, iBhange Elikhulu liyanciphisa izinga lentengo yemali mboleko, abantu bathatha imali mboleko, futhi lokhu kwandisa ukufunwa kanye nentengo. Enye indlela ikwehlisa ukucindezelwa kwentela futhi yandisa ivolumu yokuthengiswa kwemali.
Yini okufanele ngiyitshale ekuchaseni?
Abantu abaningi, lapho bebuka izinguquko emnothweni, abazi ukuthi bangabhekana kanjani nezikhwama zabo, lapho bangabafaka khona noma yini okufanele bathenge, okuvame ukuholela emaphutha. Ukwehliswa kwemali kuholela ekwehliseni kancane kancane ukubaluleka kwazo zonke izimpahla, okungukuthi, imali izoba yingqalasizinda enenzuzo kunazo zonke, ngoba konke okunye kuzokwehla, kufaka phakathi izimpahla ezithengwa uma kudingeka.