- Ikheli: Chavin de Huantar, Peru
- Ifoni: +51 921 269 592
- Indawo yonke: cishe amamitha ayisishiyagalolunye angama-28. km.
- Ubukhulu ngaphezu kwezilwandle: 3200 m
I-Chavin de Huantar ingenye yezikhumbuzo zakudala zempucuko eMhlabeni, indawo yokuhlala yasendulo e-Andes cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-250 ukusuka eLima , endaweni engamamitha angu-3 200. Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sasiyindawo yokuqhuba amasiko enkolo - lokhu kuboniswa yizinhlanzi eziningi ezilondoloziwe zamajagu, izinyoka, izimpande, imifanekiso yezitshalo ezihlukahlukene ze-hallucinogenic ezisetshenziselwa abapristi ngesikhathi semikhuba; Futhi lapha kwakutholakala amathuluzi abapristi abalungiselela kuzo iziphuzo ze-hallucinogenic kulezi zitshalo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi eChavin de Huantar, hhayi kuphela imikhosi yenkolo kuphela, kodwa nemibuthano yomphakathi yenzeka. Mhlawumbe amathempeli kanye nesikwele babesebenza njengesilondolozi.
Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi
Kutholakale ukuthi uChavin de Huantar wayengozi eminyakeni engaba ngu-100 edlule ngumlimi othile, lapho kutholakala khona umhlaba, wathola itshe elide elingaphezu kuka-2 m) elivezwe isidalwa esingaqondakali. Umlimi wakha ukutholakala futhi wayesebenzisa njenge-countertop, kuze kube yilapho ngolunye usuku kuboniswa ngumhambi wase-Italy u-Estella Raimondi. I-Chavin de Huantar ibizwa ngokuthi iyindawo yokugcina imfuyo futhi ibhaliswe njengeSayithi leMagugu eNhlabathi ye-UNESCO.
Indawo ephelele yendawo yokuhlala yasendulo ingaba amakhilomitha angu-28 square. km. Izakhiwo nezikwele zakha izikwele ezijwayelekile kanye namaceleni, kodwa lokhu akuyona into ehlabayo kakhulu; Kuyamangalisa ukuthi zonke zihamba phambili nge-axis esempumalanga-entshonalanga ngokunemba okumangalisayo. Izakhiwo ezilondoloziwe zibi ngokwanele - ukuvakashela isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, uzobona izinsalela zezindonga ezigcwele umhlaba notshani. Emadongeni kukhona ukuvuleka kwemigqa (kunezingaphezu kuka-20 kubo), ngemuva kwawo kukhona amakamelo angaphakathi; ezinye zazo ongazivakashela.
Ithempeli elidala - indawo yokugcina ye-artifact eyinkimbinkimbi
Ithempeli elidala liqukethe izakhiwo ezimbili; lakhiwa cishe ngo-1200-900 BC. Lesi sakhiwo esikhulu sakhiwa ngesimo sencwadi U. Egcekeni kukhona izikhumbuzo ezikhona, lapho kukhona izithombe eziqoshiwe zamajagu, ama-caimans, condors kanye nama-falcons. Ngaphakathi kwethempeli kukhona zemibukiso emibili.
Emgumbini wezemibukiso itholakala nge "Spear" ("lanson") - ukuphakama kwe-stele ngamamitha angu-4.5, okwenziwe ngegranite emhlophe. Isimo salo sifana ncamashi nesiphande somkhonto - yi-polyhedron eyinkimbinkimbi, ephezulu. Esigodini kukhona umfanekiso wesidalwa esingenganekwane esibukeka sengathi "isiphambano" somuntu onenyoka kanye nenyoka. Mhlawumbe kwakuyi "umkhonto" owawuyisisekelo esikhulu se-Chavin de Huantar eyinkimbinkimbi. Kukhona nesimo sokuthi sasinokubaluleka kwezinkanyezi, ngoba igama elithi "jaguar" ("chincha" noma "chinchai") lixhunyaniswe ngokungahambisani ne-Orion yama-constellation ("Choke-Chinchai"). Umgodi ophahleni lwethempeli, ohambelana ngqo "nesiphakamiso somkhonto", uthi uwakhiwe "nxazonke" le nsika. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ithempeli lalingumsebenzi "njengamazwi" - amakholwa wezwa umsindo we "ukukhuluma nabo unkulunkulu."
Okuphawulekayo yizindonga zangaphandle zethempeli elidala; uma behlotshiswe ngamakhanda amatshe angaphezu kwamakhulu amabili - izilwane zabantu nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Namuhla lonke ungabona eyodwa kuphela yazo.
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Ithempeli elisha
Isonto elisha lakhiwa kamuva - ososayensi bawuthatha iminyaka engu-500-200 BC. Kuyinto enkulu - 75 mx 72.5 m. Amapulatifomu amaningi namavesi afihliwe atholakala ethempelini, ngenxa yokuthi abapristi bangabonakala ngempumelelo kakhulu - njengokungathi "akukho ndawo". Ukuphakama okuphelele kwethempeli kukholelwa ukuthi kungamamitha angu-13. Ngaphakathi kwakungaphansi kwezintathu zemibukiso, izitebhisi namagumbi.
E-New Church, kutholakale izithombe eziningi. Ngaphambi kwakhe kukhona isikwele esiphezulu. Eduze eNew Church kukhona portal emnyama namhlophe, lapho izakhiwo eziningi kanye nezikwele zokuhlala zihambisana. Yena, ngokusobala, wayebaluleke kakhulu okungcwele. I-portal yenziwe ngezinhlobo ezimbili zamatshe: ohlangothini olusenyakatho isiteji esimnyama esenziwe nge-limestone emnyama, ohlangothini oluseningizimu wezinyathelo, i-granite emhlophe isetshenzisiwe. Ezingxenyeni kukhona amakholomu amabili amatshe angama-grey andesite, ahlotshiswe ngemifanekiso yezidalwa zenganekwane - ngomzimba womuntu, amaphuphu enhliziyo, ikhanda lejaguar kanye nenyoni yezinyoni ezidla inyamazane.
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Ezinye izikhumbuzo
Izikhumbuzo ezimbili ezitholakala kule sayithi yi-Obelisk yaseTello, okuyisigxobo se-quadrangular esinama-alligators nama-jaguar fangs, kanye nelitshe likaRaimondi - libonisa isibalo esinomzimba womlenze (noma i-puma) obambe abasebenzi kubambeni ngalinye langaphambili . Kusuka emgodini weTelo, owawuphambi kweSonto Elidala, okuncane kuye kwagcinwa; mayelana nesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwayo, ososayensi bathi - abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kwakhiwa ngemuva kokwakhiwa kweThempeli elisha, kodwa iningi lizimisele ukukholelwa ukuthi iThempeli elisha lingcono "kuncane" kunepiramidi.
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Ungafika kanjani ku-Chavin de Huantar?
Ungaya eChavin de Huantar e-Ouaraz ngebhasi elivamile elifinyelela emzaneni wanamuhla weChavin; kusuka lapho kuzodingeka uhambe cishe ngekhilomitha. Ungabuya e-Ouaraz ngokubheka ibhasi. Ungaya eHuaraz kusuka eLima naseTrujillo ngamabhasi avamile. Esikhathini sokuqala, uhambo lithatha cishe amahora angu-8.
Kukhona futhi indlela yezinyawo ze-Olleros-Chavin; Iqala edolobheni lase-Olheos futhi kuthatha izinsuku ezintathu. Ungathola mayelana nalokhu kuhambela kunoma iyiphi yamahhotela nezinhlangano zokuhamba eHuaraz.
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