Izimbangela ze-astigmatism ezinganeni
I-Astigmatism iyisifo se-ophthalmic lapho i-retina yeso elingafinyeleli khona ekugxilweni kwelinye iphuzu. Ngenxa yalesi sifo, umuntu ubona izithombe ezifiphazayo ezivuthayo (isibonelo: imigqa engezansi, eqondile noma e-oblique isakazeka, ishintsha noma ibuye kabili).
I-Astigmatism ezinganeni ngokuvamile isifo sesifo sofuba, kodwa singatholakala nangenxa yokulimala kweso noma ukungenela okuhlinzayo.
Ukuze uhlolisise lesi sifo ekhaya, udinga ukucela umntwana ukuthi avalwe i-glazik eyodwa (futhi) futhi ambonise imigqa emnyama emnyama ekhishwe ephepheni elimhlophe. Khona-ke kuyadingeka ukupheqa iphepha embuthanweni. Uma ukukhubazeka okubukwayo kukhona, khona-ke imigqa izovela kumntwana bese icacisa, bese ihlukumezekile, noma igobile.
I-Astigmatism ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyodwa ubudala
Ukuxilongwa kwe-astigmatism kumntwana kungenziwa kuphela yi-oculist. Kule minyaka uhlala efa kakhulu. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuxilonga:
- Ngosizo lwe-refractometers ye-eye (i-refractometer ye-othomathikhi noma ye-Harklinger).
- Ngendlela yokuhlolwa kwesithunzi (skiascopy).
Ukwelashwa kukhethwe ngabanye, kucatshangelwa zonke izici ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa kanye nesiphakamiso sesifo. Kuze kube unyaka, i-astigmatism ezinganeni ivame kakhulu emafomeni amancane. Esikhathini esizayo, umbono ulingana futhi ngokuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-ophthalmologist, kanye nayo yonke imiyalelo kadokotela, i-astigmatism ilawulwa futhi iyaphathwa.
I-Astigmatism ezinkomba zezingane
- ukhathala okwandayo ngemisebenzi ebonakalayo ende (ukufunda izincwadi, ukubukela i-TV, ukusebenza kwikhompyutha);
- ikhanda ngesikhathi noma ngemva komthwalo wokubuka;
- ukuhlanekezela, ukusabalalisa noma ukubheka umbono wezinto.
Ukwelashwa kwe-astigmatism ezinganeni
Ngokuvamile i-astigmatism ezinganeni ibonakala nge-hyperopia noma eduze kwezwe. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-astigmatism:
- I-astigmatism ehlanganisiwe (ukubonakala okwesikhashana kweso kanye nokubukeka kokubili kwesibili). Nge-astigmatism ehlanganisiwe ezinganeni, ukukhubazeka okubucayi kunabo bonke. Ingane ayikwazi ukunquma ubukhulu bezinto nobanga kuyo. Lolu hlobo lwesifo luphathwa kuze kube yilapho umuntu esemdala kuphela ngosizo lwamazivolo akhethekile okwenzelwe amehlo. Kukhona nemishini yokwenza ukuqeqeshwa okubukwayo. Indlela eyinhloko yokulungiswa kombono yizibuko ezinama-cylindrical lens (okubizwa okuthiwa "izibuko eziyinkimbinkimbi") noma ama-lens othintana nabo (esikhathini sethu, ama-lens amathisi asetshenzisiwe, adala ukungaboni kahle emehlweni). Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kufakwe izibuko, ngoba izinkomba ze-dioptric ze-astigmatism ehlanganisiwe ezinganeni zilokhu zishintsha njalo.
- I-Myopic (myopic). I-astigmatism ye-myopic ezinganeni ingathuthukiswa ngezinga eliphezulu nephansi. Ukunquma kuzosiza ophthalmologist ngesikhathi sokuqokwa okujwayelekile. Iphathwa ezinganeni ngosizo lwezindlela zokuqapha (ukuvivinya iso, ukudla okunomsoco okhethekile, izibuko, amalensi). Ukuhlinzwa nokulungiswa kwelayisensi kuvunyelwe emva kuka-18
iminyaka. - I-astigmatism ye-hypermetropic (eside) ebantwaneni. Ukubonakaliswa kwe-astigmatism ebonakalayo ebantwaneni kungabhekwa njengengqondo ekhanda ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, ukunciphisa ukudla, ukulala, ukuthukuthela, ukukhathala okujwayelekile. I-ophthalmologist izochaza ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokwelapha i-astigmatism enganeni. Ngokuvamile ukwelapha iphuzu kunqunywe kanye nokwelashwa okujwayelekile okubuyisela kanye nokuzivocavoca okukhethekile kwamehlo.
Ukungayinaki inkinga kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima, ezifana "nesilonda" sosizi, i-strabismus, kanye nokulahlekelwa okubhekayo noma okuphelele kokubona umbono.