I-cerebral palsy yezingane ibizwa ngokuthi yiqembu lezifo ezibhekene nomonakalo wesistimu oyinhloko, ukuhlanganiswa okungafanelekile kokunyakaza, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemisipha, ukuphuza ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo.
Izimbangela ze-cerebral palsy ezinganeni
Ukuphazamiseka okunjalo ezinganeni akunazo izinto eziqhubekayo, okusho ukuthi ukulimala kwengqondo kwenzeka kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Kodwa-ke umbuzo yingakho abantwana bezalwa benesifo sofuba. Isizathu esiyinhloko sesifo yi-hypoxia, okungukuthi, ukuntuleka kwe-oksijeni kumaseli obuchopho. Ngenxa yalokho, ebuchosheni kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kwalezo zingosi nezakhiwo ezithintekayo ekulondolozeni ukulinganisela komzimba kanye nezinqubo ezibucayi. Lokhu kuholela ekuthuthukiseni kwe-muscular kanye nokubonakala kwe-motor atypical reaction.
Ukuphefumula kwesiberethri kubangelwa izinqubo ezingavamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa:
- izinhlobo ezimbi ze-toxicosis;
- ukutheleleka kwe-intrauterine;
- ukuphulwa kokusakazwa kwe-placental;
- izifo ze-somatic zomama (izifo zenhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, njll);
- ukungalingani kwe-Rh factor noma amaqembu egazi kumama nesisu;
- hypovitaminosis;
- isongo sokukhipha isisu , ukungena kwethambo lomgudu.
Qinisekisa umonakalo wengqondo yengane kungaba nzima ukubeletha, okubangelwa yi-patetomy obstetric:
- isikhumba esincane;
- umsebenzi obuthakathaka womsebenzi;
- isikhathi eside esine-anhydrous;
- umsebenzi ophuthumayo;
- isethulo sesifiso esingalungile.
Ngemuva kokubeletha, lesi sifo singenzeka ngenxa yokulimala kanye nezifo (i-meningitis, isifo se-hemolytic yengane esanda kuzalwa ).
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kubantwana: izimpawu
Izimpawu zesifo zingatholakala ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa noma zizobonakala kancane kancane ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila. Okokuqala, ukukhubazeka kwesiberethri kubonakala ngokungabikho noma ubuthakathaka bokuziphendulela kokuzalwa. Isibonelo, nge-reflex yokusekela endaweni eqondile, ingane egulayo iguqule imilenze noma imane ibuyiselwe kuphela ngeminwe. Ukuntuleka kwe-reflex ehambayo kubhekisela embonisweni yokukhubazeka kwengane encane yokukhubazeka: ingane ayilungisi izitho futhi ayiqhubeki phambili uma isethelwe esiswini bese ucindezela insika ukuya ezinyaweni.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezingane ezine-cerebral palsy kuyavinjelwa: esikhathini esizayo iziguli ezinjalo azivimbeli ikhanda labo, ungaphenduki, uhlale noma ume. Bashisa endaweni ethile, badonsa ikhanda labo, izitho zabo zingenza ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyi. Kukhona ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo - akukho ukuxhumana nomama, akukho nentshisekelo kumathoyizi, ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo kuphazanyiswa.
Amacala e-cerebral palsy ezinganeni ancike nakwezinga lokulimala komqondo. Izinkinga zokuhamba zihlukaniswa ngokuthi:
- athetosis - ukunyakaza okuqhubekayo nokuzibandakanya;
- ukwehla - ukuqinisa ithoni ye-muscle;
- ukuqina - imisipha ehlwithayo emelana nokunyakaza okungahambi kahle;
- ukuthuthumela kwamalungu;
- i-ataxia - ukungalingani.
Okuvamile kakhulu kune-athetoid kanye nohlobo lwe-spastic of disorders. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zindlela ezilandelayo zokukhubazeka kwengqondo ezincane zitholakala ngendawo:
- Isizwe sinokuhlukunyezwa kwesilungu esisodwa;
- i-hemiplegic ngokunqotshwa kwengalo nomlenze ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesiqu;
- I-Diplegic ngokunqotshwa kokubili okuphezulu noma okuphansi;
- i-quadriplegic ngokunqotshwa kwazo zonke izitho.
Ukwelashwa kwe-cerebral palsy ezinganeni
Ngokuyinhloko, ekwelapheni izingane ezine-cerebral palsy, ukusikhipha umzimba, ukuvivinya umzimba, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha umzimba (Wojta method, prosthetics, ukusika, udokotela wezokwelapha), ukungenelela okuhlinzayo, ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kuyasetshenziswa. Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kuyimpoqo, okufaka izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ithoni ye-muscle.
Zonke lezi zindlela zikuvumela ukuba ukwandise ikhono lomzimba nengqondo yengane. Ekuqaleni ukwelashwa kuqalisiwe, amathuba amakhulu okuzivumelanisa nabantu phakathi kontanga, okuzovumela ingane ukuba igweme yedwa - enye yezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zezingane ezine-cerebral palsy.