- Uphi lapho: Kimberley, eNingizimu Afrika;
- Indlela yokuvakashela: mahhala, esiteshini sokubuka;
- Amahora okuvakashela : 09.00-15.00;
- Yikuphi okuthakazelisayo: iminyuziyamu yezimayini edolobheni laseKimberley, izitolo zamadayimani aqhutshiwe
Ipayipi le-Kimberlite Umgodi omkhulu yi-deposit yedayimane ephelele, esedolobheni laseKimberley, eNingizimu Afrika .
Namuhla, i-Big Hole yaseNingizimu Afrika kubhekwa njengendawo engeyona yedolobha nje kuphela, kodwa lonke izwe - kuyisithakazelo esiyingqayizivele esikhanga izivakashi. Uma unquma ukuvakashela iRiphabhliki yaseNingizimu Afrika, qiniseka ukuthi uthole ithuba lokuvakashela uKimberley.
Umlando wezimayini ze-diamond
Imayini yeDayim eNingizimu Afrika ivumele leli zwe ukuthi lingabi yilokho elihola kuleli zwekazi, kepha futhi lilahlekelwe "isihloko" esingeyona-esimnandi "Izwe Lezwe Lesithathu." Ngokwezibalo, iNingizimu Afrika ingomunye wabahlinzeki abahlanu emhlabeni wonke kunazo zonke zamatshe ayigugu. Futhi kulesi silinganiso kwakuyizi zithi:
- I-Angola;
- I-Canada;
- I-Russia;
- I-Botswana.
Isigameko sokuqala ensimini yeSewula Afrika yanamuhla siyothola ngo-1866 - njengemibono yomlando, idayimane lithathwa emfuleni ngumfana wase-Orange ozinakekela izilwane epulazini eliseduze likaDi Kalk. Yaba yitshe eliphuzi, ubukhulu balo obudlula ama-carats angu-21.
Kodwa okutholwa okuyinhloko ngetshe elinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-83, etholakala ngabantwana bomlimi ophethe ipulazi elifanayo. I-Diamond ibizwa ngokuthi igama elihle "iNkanyezi yaseNingizimu Afrika". Lokhu kwakuyindlela enhle yokuthuthukiswa kwalokhu kudoba eNingizimu Afrika. Izinkampani zokuqala zaqala ukugawula amatshe endaweni epulazi ngo-1871. Ngenxa yalokho, amadayimane aseNingizimu Afrika aletha izinzuzo ezinhle kakhulu - hhayi nje namuhla izwe aliyona kuphela elasezingeni eliphezulu kuleli zwekazi, kodwa libuye liqhubeke nokuthuthukiswa kwalo okuqhubekayo.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-diamond yangempela i-diamond isulile izwe. Ezingqikithi, kunezipho eziningi ezitholakale eNingizimu Afrika, kwakhiwa amaminithi amaningana, kodwa eyona eyisikhathi eside eyayiyimayini evulekile eKimberley, amadayimane ayehlanzekile kakhulu.
Inkuni enkulu - umlando wezimayini ezinkulu kakhulu
Imayini engasebenzi manje eKimberley City ithola igama elilula kodwa eliqondakalayo - i-Big Hole. Kuthathwa ngokusemthethweni njengomsebenzi omkhulu kunazo zonke, othuthukiswe ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi indlela.
Kwaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 - kuze kufike ngo-1914 - abavukuzi abangaba ngu-50 000 basebenza emayini, beyithuthukisa ngama-picks ajwayelekile, ama-crowbars namafosholo. Ngomsebenzi osebenzayo, abantu bakhipha amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-22 zomhlaba kusuka ekotini.
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, atholakala ngamatshe angu-2700 amatshe ayigugu. Ngokwezibalo ezivame ukuvunyelwa, yi-14.5 million carats. Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lamatshe kwakudume, odumile futhi omkhulu, njengamadayimane:
- De Beers enesisindo esingama-428;
- I-Porter-Rhodes enesisindo esinezinkulungwane ezingu-150 nezinye.
Ngaphandle nangaphandle i-quarry ibheka umxhwele, kodwa okunye okwesabekayo yizilinganiso ezisemthethweni zomayini:
- indawo yonke idlula amahektha angu-17;
- ububanzi - cishe amamitha angu-500;
- ukulinganisa eduze komjikelezo - amamitha angu-1600;
- ukujula - amamitha angama-240, kodwa kamuva phansi kwadonswa idwala elincane, elinciphisa ukujula kuya kumamitha angu-215.
Njengamanje, phansi kweHholo Olukhulu, ichweba elinamamitha angaba ngu-40 lakhiwa.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, njengoba abacwaningi abasungula, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyikhulu edlule kwakukhona intaba-mlilo endaweni yesimayini - umthombo we-lava wawuseduze cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-97. Yilokho okwakhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwedayimani kule ndawo - izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokucindezela okukhulu emhlabathini kunikeze izinqubo ezithile ezenza kube nokubonakala kwamatshe ayigugu.
I-Modernity yaseKimberley
Njengamanje, iKimberly yidolobha lanamuhla, elithuthukile. Inakho yonke into yokuphila okunethezeka:
- emigwaqweni egcinwe kahle;
- amapaki ennobled;
- amahhotela amaningi namahhotela;
- izikhungo zamasiko, iminyuziyamu.
Ngokwemvelo, izivakashi zikhangwa ngokuyinhloko yi-Great Hole, lapho futhi kuhamba khona ukuvakasha. Isibonelo, ngokukhethekile ukuhamba kwezivakashi ukuya ekukhanga okuyinhloko kwedolobha, kwafakwa imigwaqo yezimoto. Ekugcineni komgodi wangaphambili, ipulatifomu yokubuka ephephile nephephile yadalwa.
Futhi edolobheni kukhona i-museum ekhethekile yokumba izimayini, lapho umlando wedayimane nezobuciko zegolide kuvezwa ngokuningiliziwe. Lokhu kungukuthi, ngisho namanje, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu emva kokuvalwa kwemayini, iyaqhubeka nokuletha inzuzo edolobheni nakubakhileyo bayo - njengamanje njengesikhangiso sokuvakasha.
Izici zokuthenga amadayimane eRiphabhliki yaseNingizimu Afrika
Naphezu kokuthi imayini yedayimani eNingizimu Afrika iqhubeka iminyaka engaba ngu-150, kusengenzeka ukuthola izibonelo eziyingqayizivele ezimayini nasezimayini.
Ngakho, eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule kwenye yezimayini ezindala kunazo zonke zeCullinan zitholakale ziyizinto ezinkulu - isisindo salo sasingu-232 carats. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ukubaluleka kwedayimani kungafinyelela ku-$ 15 million.
Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amatshe amabi ayavunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuthunyelwa ezweni. Uma unesithakazelo ekuthengeni amadayimane eNingizimu Afrika, khona-ke kudingeka uhambe kuphrofayli, okungukuthi, izitolo zezinto zokucweba noma izindawo zokuthenga, ezitholakala eduze kwezimayini, ezimayini, lapho kuvame ukuvakasha okuhleliwe.
Ukuthenga amatshe ayigugu kuleli lizwe kunenzuzo ngempela - basuke beshibhile. Emathemeni, kufanele ubonise isitifiketi sesitolo sezinto eziyigugu ozithenge. Lapho ushiya, ungafaka isicelo se-Tax Free futhi ubuyele u-14% wemali yokuthenga. Ngendlela, izivakashi zibhekene nezijeziso ezimbi ngokususwa kwamadayimane amancane avela eNingizimu Afrika - ngakho ungazami ukukhohlisa iziphathimandla.
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