Abazali kufanele bazi ukuthi yini evamile ye-hemoglobin ezinganeni. Lesi isibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu, okuvumela ukuhlola isimo sempilo yengane. Kubalulekile ukuqonda kusengaphambili ukuthi yiziphi iziphambeko ezivela esimweni esivamile futhi okubacasulayo. Lokhu kuzovumela ukutholakala ngesikhathi esifanele kwenqubo yokugula bese uqala ukusebenza ngesikhathi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-hemoglobin
Ukuze unqume le nkomba, kuhlolwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi. I-Hemoglobin iyiprotheni eyinkimbinkimbi ehlobene ne-heme. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuhambisa i-oksijini kuzo zonke izicubu nokudlulisa i-carbon dioxide emaphashini. Uhlobo lwe-hemoglobin ingane okufanele lube nalo luncike eneminyaka yengane. Inani eliphakeme liyabonakala ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Kodwa-ke, emva kwamasonto ambalwa ukujwayelekile kwe-hemoglobin ezinganeni kuyancipha. Inani le-indicator, elungele umntwana oneminyaka engu-2 ubudala, libhekwa njenge-anemia eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala.
Inani laleli khombisi lithonywe yizici ezilandelayo:
- Ukuncelisa ingane - izinsana ekunceliseni ibele zivame ukuba nezinkinga zokuphefumula kwegazi kunezingane ezondla ingxube yokufakelwa.
- I-Genetic predisposition - uma umama engenayo izinkinga zempilo ezikhethekile futhi i-hemoglobin ingaphansi kwesimiso, cishe isimo esifanayo sizobe sibheke emanzini.
- Isimo sezempilo - kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-pathologies lapho amaprotheni ahlanganiswe ne-iron ephakeme noma ephansi kunejwayelekile.
- Isikhathi sonyaka - kaningi esikhathini sekwindla nobusika isibalo se-hemoglobin sinciphisa.
- Isimo sowesifazane ngesikhathi sokubeletha umntwana .
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-hemoglobin - ukulungiselela
Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imiphumela yocwaningo inenjongo ngangokunokwenzeka, kufanele ithathwe ngokuziphendulela. Abanye abazali banesithakazelo ekuhlolweni kwegazi ngenxa ye-hemoglobin esiswini esingenalutho noma engenzi. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi lolu cwaningo lwenzeke esiswini esingenalutho. Ngokuvamile igazi linikezwa ekuseni: ngaphambi kokutadisha okunjalo, ngaphandle uma ungaphuza amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile. Kunezinye izinto okudingeka zicatshangelwe ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi:
- Ngaphambi kosuku lokucwaninga, kubalulekile ukuthi ingane ingabonakali kakhulu (izingane ezindala kufanele zivikelwe emisebenzini yemidlalo ejulile).
- 3-4 izinsuku ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, kunconywa ukuba ungayiphuzi imithi (ngaphandle kwezidakamizwa ezibalulekile, udokotela okufanele azi ngokuthatha).
- Amahora angu-12 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, amaswidi kumele akhishwe ekudleni komntwana.
Ungathatha kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-hemoglobin?
Inqubo ngokwayo ihilela ukukhishwa komunwe kanye nesilinganiso esincane se-sampling yegazi. Emva kokudluliselwa kokudluliselwa ebhokisithri ukuze kuhlolwe ngokucophelela ochwepheshe. Imiphumela izobe ilungele ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2. Ngaphambi kokunikeza ingane i-hemoglobin, abazali baxwayiswa ngalokhu. Kwezinye izimo, kudingeka ukuhlolwa okungeziwe. Isibonelo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-hemoglobin eglycated kungabekwa. Lesi sibonakaliso sikuvumela ukuthi uhloniphe ngesikhathi esifanele ukukhomba isifo sikashukela kanye nokwelashwa kokuqala ngesikhathi.
Umkhuba we-hemoglobin egazini ezinganeni
I-WHO ikhiphe imigomo yokuhlola le nkhomba. Isimiso se-hemoglobin ezinganeni sihlaziywa ngeminyaka yobudala - itafula elinedatha jikelele iqukethe lonke ulwazi oludingekayo. Amagugu atholakala ngenxa yocwaningo afaniswa namanani abalwa. Ezinganeni ezingakafiki, okuqukethwe kwe-hemoglobin egazini akuvamile. Izingane ezinjalo zisengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-anemia.
Umkhuba we-hemoglobin ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa
Izinga eliphakeme emntwaneni osanda kuzalwa libangelwa ukuthi ingane ithole isitoreji sensimbi ngenkathi ehlala esibelethweni. Nokho, ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa emva kokuzalwa, ukubaluleka kwalesi sibonakaliso kunciphisa kancane kancane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-hemoglobin emntwaneni osanda kuzalwa nomntwana omdala uhlukile ngokwemigomo eminingi. Esikhathini esizayo, isibonakaliso sincike kakhulu ekutheni ingane isondlo.
I-Hemoglobin - isimiso ezinganeni emva konyaka
Ukuqapha izinga lale phrotheni, udokotela wezingane unikeza i-hematological ukuhlolwa kabili ngonyaka kumntwana. Izingane ezinezinkinga ezingapheli zenza ucwaningo olunjalo luzoqhutshwa njalo ngekota.
Ngokuvamile lezi zinkomba:
- i-hemoglobin enganeni eneminyaka eyodwa - 140 g / l;
- eminyakeni emibili inkomba yengane ifana nonyaka o-1;
- eminyakeni emihlanu umkhuba we-hemoglobin ezinganeni ukwanda kancane;
- ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, inani lifinyelela ezinkomba "zabantu abadala".
I-hemoglobin ephansi enganeni
Ukuncipha kwezinga lamaprotheni egazini kwenzeka kaningi ngaphezu kokuhlushwa okuphakeme. Lesi simo semithi saziwa ngokuthi i-anemia. Kuphawulwe ngamacala angu-47% ezinganeni zasenkulisa kanye no-25% ezinganeni zesikole. I-hemoglobin encishisiwe yengane ihambisana nalezi zimpawu:
- ubuthakathaka bemisipha;
- ukudla okumbi ;
- isikhala sesikhumba;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala (ukuleleka noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ukulala kwesibindi);
- i-syncope evamile;
- isikhumba sibheke;
- isiyezi.
I-anemia yisimo esiyingozi kakhulu esingabangela imiphumela enjalo:
- ukukhulelwa kwengculazi ;
- ukwephula amaphaphu nenhliziyo;
- babhekana nemisebenzi yokucabangela (ukugxila kokubheka, inkumbulo, ikhono lokufunda);
- ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba.
Ukunciphisa i-hemoglobin - kubangela ingane
I-protein encane enezinsimbi ezingenayo ingacasulwa yizici ezihlukahlukene. Izimbangela ze-hemoglobin ephansi ezinganeni zilandelayo:
- ukulahleka kwegazi - okunamandla (kubonakala emva kokuhlinzwa okwamanje noma ukuhlukunyezwa) noma okungavamile (okubangelwa ukuphuma kwegazi njalo);
- isifo se-digestive system;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- i-neoplasms eyingozi;
- i-lesion ye-parasitic;
- i-pathology, lapho umzimba ongasebenzi khona insimbi;
- ukudla okuncane kanye nokudla okungcolile;
- i-kid isivele ivulekile.
Indlela yokwandisa i-hemoglobin enganeni?
Ukwandisa inani leprotheyini ene-iron egazini, indlela ehlanganisiwe kufanele isetshenziswe. Ihlanganisa izinkomba ezinjalo:
- ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa;
- izikhambi zabantu;
- ukudla okwelapha.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuhloswe ukwandisa inani lensimbi egazini nokubuyisela amasheya ale microelement esibindi. Ukuqokwa okuningi kunenziwa izinyanga ezingu-3. Lesi sikhathi sibhekwa njengelungile: umzimba ugcinwa ngenani elifanele leprotheyini ene-iron. Lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okuthola i-anemia. Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa i-hemoglobin kwengane, udokotela ubeka ukuhlolwa. Ukulwa nesifo segazi, ngokuvamile izidakamizwa ezinjalo zibekiwe:
- I-Ferrum Lek;
- I-sulphate eneferi;
- I-Ferrograd;
- Fefol;
- Insimbi ye-gluconate;
- I-Heferol.
Njengokwelashwa okusizayo, imithi yabantu ingasetshenziswa. Kumele ziphathwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa odokotela abaya khona. Ikhambi eliwusizo kakhulu elenziwe ngama-apricot omisiwe, ama-walnuts kanye nemifula (ingxenye ngayinye ye-200 g). Futhi thatha i-1 lemon. Izithelo ezomile, amantongomane nezithelo ze-citrus zitholakala nge-blender. Bese ucebisa ukubunjwa ngilazi yobisi bese uhlanganise konke kahle. Lesi sidakamizwa kufanele sinikezwe isipuni 1 isipuni kabili ngosuku. "Isidakamizwa" sigcinwe kwisitsha esibucayi esivaliwe esiqandisini.
Uma i-hemoglobin ephansi enganeni - okufanele yenzeni, udokotela wezingane uyazi. Uzoncoma ukuthi abazali bacebise ukudla komntwana ngemikhiqizo enjalo:
- i-turkey;
- inkomo;
- isibindi;
- ubhontshisi (amaphisi, ubhontshisi, amalenti);
- iklabishi elwandle;
- izithelo ezintsha namajikijolo;
- izaqathe, utamatisi, beet, ukholifulawa kanye neminye imifino.
I-hemoglobin ephakeme enganeni
Inani lezinkomba zeprotheni enesinhla lingaphezu kwesijwayelekile, futhi, kubhekwe njengokuphambuka. Iqiniso lokuthi i-hemoglobin egazini lomntwana liphakeme lingagwetshwa yizibonakaliso ezinjalo:
- ukulala;
- ukuphelelwa amandla kwezingxenye zomzimba ngamunye;
- ukulahlekelwa umbono;
- i-arrhythmia;
- ukukhathala okukhulu;
- isisindo somzimba esinciphile;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso;
- ukutholakala kwegazi esihlalweni;
- itching.
Abazali kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-hemoglobin ephezulu yengane ingabangela imiphumela embi:
- ukungasebenzi kwemisebenzi yobuchopho;
- i-thrombosis;
- ukungasebenzi kwezinso ne-pancreas;
- ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi.
Ukwandisa i-hemoglobin enganeni - izizathu
Ukunyuka kwenkomba yeprotheyini ene-iron egazini kuvame ukubangelwa ukungabi nalutho lwe-plasma noma ngokuhlushwa okukhulu kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Uma i-hemoglobin ezinganeni ziphakeme, lokhu kuvame ukucasulwa yizimbangela ezinjalo:
- ukushisa okuphezulu;
- ukucindezeleka okuqinile;
- izifo zezinso;
- ukuphelelwa amanzi ;
- ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo;
- izifo zegazi;
- Ukudla okude isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa;
- ukwephulwa kwegazi;
- izifo ezingokwemvelo.
Indlela yokunciphisa i-hemoglobin egazini lomntwana?
I-index ephezulu yeprotheni enjalo ayiyona isifo: kuyisimpawu nje esibonisa inqubo ye-pathological eyenziwa emzimbeni. Umsebenzi oyinhloko udokotela ukukhomba imbangela yokwanda kwe-hemoglobin futhi kuqinisekiswe ukubaluleka kwayo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ngenxa yocwaningo udokotela uthola ukuthi inkomba yeprotheyini ene-iron ikhule ngemva kokugula kwamuva, ingabe imela imithi. Inhloso yokwelashwa okunjalo yi-dilution yegazi. Esinye sezidakamizwa ezinqunyiwe nguHeparin. Umthamo kanye nobude besikhathi sokwelashwa kunqunywe udokotela.
Uma izinga le-hemoglobin ezinganeni liphakeme, abazali kufanele baqaphele izinhlanzi. Imikhiqizo enokuqukethwe kwe-iron ephakeme kufanele ikhishwe:
- ibhuloho lokubhakana;
- amabhomu;
- ama-apula;
- isibindi.
Ekudleni komntwana kumele kube khona imikhiqizo enjalo:
- izinhlanzi (izinhlobo ezincane zamafutha);
- izinhlanzi zasolwandle;
- inyama yenkukhu emhlophe;
- i-cottage shizi;
- imikhiqizo yobisi evutshiwe;
- ushizi.
Uma ukujwayelekile kwe-hemoglobin ezinganeni ezincane kudlulile, abazali batuswa izinyathelo ezingeziwe:
- Nikeza ingane ngokuphuza okuningi.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi i-crumb ayidlala kakhulu (umsebenzi womzimba omkhulu ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin).
- Qaphela ukuthi ekamelweni lapho ingane ikhona, kwakukhona umswakama ojwayelekile.