Ukugonywa ngokulwa nesifo sofuba kwabaningi abahlala endaweni yeSoviet emva kokuqala. Uzalwa usana esibhedlela esibhedlela. Umgomo awuvimbeli ukutheleleka kwe- bacillus nge- tubercle nge-100%, kodwa kuhloswe ukuqinisa isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela kanye nokuvimbela ukubonakaliswa kwezinkinga zesifo.
Ingabe kukhona umuthi wokugoma kwesifo sofuba?
Kuze kube manje, imishanguzo ye-TB iyadingeka emazweni angu-64 emhlabeni jikelele. Ngonyaka ka-118 uthi, babhekisela kulabo abanconywayo. Ngisho nakwamanye amazwe lapho ukugoma kungavunyelwe khona, igciwane lokulwa nesifo sofuba lenzelwe abantu abahlala ezimweni ezingahlangabezane nezindinganiso zangasese. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mgomo uxhomeke kwabakhileyo balawo mazwe lapho inani elikhulu lezinkinga zokutheleleka libhaliswe.
Ingabe izigciwane zivikela ngokugcwele isifo sofuba? Kuze kube manje, izidakamizwa ezinjalo azange zakhiwe. Imishanguzo ekhona isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela. Abavumeli ukuphuma kwesifo kusuka efomini elivulekile kuya evulekile, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwezicubu ezihlangene nezithambo. Ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu - ukugoma kunganciphisa kakhulu izigameko phakathi kwezingane.
Umgomo wokulwa nesifo sofuba kubantwana abasha
Abanye abazali bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi ingane encane ayikho indawo yokubamba isifo sofuba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu abadala abakucabangi iqiniso lokuthi ensimini yamazwe angaphambili e-CIS, cishe abantu ababalelwa ku-2/3 kubantu abadala abadala bayithwala isifo sofuba. Abathwali abakwazi ukugula ngenxa yokuzivikela okuqinile, kodwa basakaza i-mycobacteria yonke indawo. Ngakho-ke i-pathogen ingakwazi "ukufica" ingane ngesikhathi sokuhamba nokuhlangana.
Umgomo we-BCG inoculation uvimbela isifo sofuba ngesimo esibi futhi awuvumeli izinkinga, ezifana nokudla kwamantombazane . Umgomo uvimba, ngakho-ke uvunyelwe cishe zonke izingane. Kubandakanya indawovnym, ngaphambi kwesikhathi, buthakathaka, ehlushwa izinkinga ezingenayo yokubeletha kanye pathologies. Izinsana ezikhuphuka emthunzini we-thymus ( thymus gland ), isifo se-jaundice nesifo se-hyaline nesifo se-membrane nesifo somzimba sibekezelela kahle umuthi wokugoma.
Umgomo omusha wokulwa nesifo sofuba
Idatha ye-World Health Organization idumaza. Ngokusho kwabo, ukutheleleka ngenduku kaKoch kusongela wonke umuntu wesithathu emhlabeni. Ngakho ngendlela enhle, umgomo wokulwa nesifo sofuba udinga wonke umuntu. Ososayensi baseCanada baye bahlakulela futhi basendleleni yokuhlola ukubunjwa okusha, okuhloswe ngokuyinhloko ukuthuthukisa isenzo se-BCG serum. I-inoculation entsha ngokulwa nesifo sofuba ivuselela zonke izici zesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba eziye zakwazi ukuzivumelanisa futhi zibuthakathaka emva kokugoma okuyisisekelo.
Ukugoma ngenxa yesifo sofuba izingane - "for" futhi "ngokumelene"
Nakuba izinzuzo zokugoma zicacile, eminyakeni yamuva nje abazali abaningi banqabe ukuyiqhuba. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwenqaba - Ukugonywa kwe-BCG kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Abazali bezingane ezigonywe bayabona ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes, i-conjunctivitis njalo, i-otitis ne-bronchitis ngemva kweminyaka yokugoma. Kodwa lesi akusona isahlulelo sangempela. Eqinisweni, umgomo unemiphumela encane. Futhi uma kubonakala izinkinga, kuphela ngokumelene nesizinda sokungahambisani nokuphikisana, ukusungulwa kwe-serum engalungile, ukuziphatha okungalungile kwenqubo.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugoma kwe-BCG ngesifo sofuba kuyingozi, siyaqiniseka ukuthi iqukethe i-formalin, i-mercury usawoti, i-phenol, i-aluminium hydroxide. Kodwa lolu lwazi alukho isisekelo sesayensi. Njengengxenye yokugoma kunezinhlayiya ze-causative agent yalesi sifo, ikhulile ezimweni zokubhubhisa. Okuqukethwe kwabo kwanele ukuthuthukisa ukuzivikela komzimba, nokwehliswa kokulimaza umzimba.
Izinzuzo zokugoma ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa:
- ukuvikelwa ezifweni ezinzima zesifo sofuba;
- amaphesenti amancane ezinkinga;
- ukubekezela okuhle kokugoma.
Umthengi:
- i-algorithm eyinkimbinkimbi yokuphatha umgomo;
- ukuphulukiswa okuqhubekayo kwendawo yomjovo;
- ukutholakala kwamathuba okuthi umgomo ngeke "ujwayele" (ingculazi ngeke idale).
I-inoculation kanjani ngokumelene nesifo sofuba?
Ukugoma kwaphumelela futhi kungenabuhlungu, kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela efanele. Umjovo kufanele wenziwe ngugqirha we-laboratory ehlomekile. Imishini elandelayo iyodingeka ukuze igonwe:
- i-ampoule nomgomo wokugoma;
- i-ampoule ne-solvent;
- i-syringe evamile;
- i-syringe tuberculin;
- i-gauze eyinyumba isula;
- isisombululo sokwelashwa kwe-disinfection;
- ukuhlunga (oyinyumba);
- ukotini woboya.
Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umgomo, ukugoma ngokulwa nesifo sofuba kuqala ngokungahlanjululwa kwezandla, ithuluzi. Umgomo uhlanjululwe nge-solvent futhi ujojelwa ngaphakathi kwipiringi. Izindawo zokuhlala zomoya zifakwe ngaphandle. Ngaphambi kokujola, indawo yokujola iphathwa ngotshwala. Inaliti ijojowe ngaphansi kwesigcawu se-10-15 degrees. Ukugonywa ngokulwa nesifo sofuba akufanele neze kungene emisipha - lokhu kungaholela ebomvu elibandayo. Ngokushesha ngemva kokujova, isiguli sidinga ukubukela isigamu sehora. Uma phakathi nalesi sikhathi akukho ukuphendula okubonakalayo, kungakhishwa.
Ukugoma ngokulwa nesifo sofuba - nini?
Ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okuphezulu, i-BCG esibhedlela isenziwa ezinsukwini ezingu-4-7 emva kokuzalwa. Uma ngesizathu esithile - ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukuphikisana - akunakwenzeka ukuba inoculate, udokotela wezingane ubonisa ukuyihambisa izinyanga ezimbili. Uma ngabe umgomo wokulwa nesifo sofuba unikezwa izingane ezineminyaka engaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu, ukuhlolwa kweMantoux kuyadingeka kusengaphambili.
Uphi inoculation ngokumelene nesifo sofuba?
Ukuze uvimbele futhi unciphise imiphumela emibi, kuyadingeka ukhethe isayithi elungile ukwethulwa kwe-serum. Ukuphumelela kokugoma kuxhomeke kusiphi isandla umjovo owenziwe (ngokuvamile ulungile ukhethwe). Ukugonywa kwesifo sofuba kuya ezinganeni kufakwa endaweni lapho isikhumba esincane khona. Indawo ikhethwa kanje: isandla sinesimo esihlukanisiwe sibe izingxenye ezintathu. Cishe endaweni yokuhlanganiswa kwesigaba esingenhla nendawo kanye nomuthi uphathwa. Ukugonywa ngokulwa nesifo sofuba ezinsana ngokuvame ukufakwa engxenyeni engenhla yesithathu.
Umuthi wokugoma usebenza kangakanani ngokulwa nesifo sofuba?
Ngemuva kokwethulwa komuthi wokugoma, umkhuhlane we-immunity uhlala iminyaka engu-6-7. Izingane ezifinyelele eminyakeni engu-7 noma engu-14 zigonywe ngesifo sofuba ngokukhetha. Ukuze uthole ukuthi udinga ukugoma ingane kaningi, faka ukuhlolwa kweMantoux . Ukusabela komuthi wokugoma kubonakala ngosuku lwesithathu. Ukususwa kabusha kwesifo sofuba kwenziwa kuphela kulabo abanesampula engalungile - i-papule iphenduka ibomvu futhi ikhulise usayizi omkhulu.
Inoculation isifo sofuba kuya ezinsana - ukusabela
Njengomthetho, akukho ukusabela okuvela ngokushesha ngemva kokujova. Izinguquko zibonakala kuphela emva kwenyanga nesigamu emva kokugoma. Esizeni lapho umjovo wawujojowe khona isifo sofuba kubantwana osanda kuzalwa, isilonda esincane esine-pustule egcwele isikhumba senziwa phakathi nendawo. Kancane kancane uyaphulukisa futhi iyancipha. Uma kukhona ukuphulukiswa okuphelele, i-crust iyawa yedwa, futhi kusayithi lomjovo kunesicingo esincane njengesibazi.
Umgomo we-BCG, owenziwe esibhedlela, ushiya umkhondo ojikelezayo, ububanzi bawo obufinyelela ku-centimeter. Okujwayelekile kubhekwa uma ubude budwetshiwe bumhlophe futhi buyalalalala ngemva kwenyanga (ngaphansi kokunakekelwa okufanele). Ungesabi izimo ezinjalo:
- ukuvuvukala nokubomvu kuzungeze isayithi lomjovo;
- ihlombe liqala ukushaywa;
- i-abscess encane;
- ukuvuvukala endaweni yokuphatha umgomo;
- ukwandisa izinga lokushisa (kodwa hhayi ezingaphezu kuka-38 degrees).
Lezi zimpawu zibhekwa njengokujwayelekile, ngoba isilonda siphulukisa, futhi umzimba okwamanje ulwa nokulwa okunempilo namanye amazwe angenele kuwo. Ngakho-ke kukhona ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba. Uma emva kokugoma lesi sibalo sishabalale ngokuphelele, kusho ukuthi inoculation ayisebenzi, futhi ukuzivikela akuzange kusebenze. Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu kubonisa ukutholakala kokumelana nesifo sofuba. Kodwa lokhu kutholakala kuphela ku-2% wabantu.
Ukugonywa ngokulwa nesifo sofuba - ukuphikisana
Ngezinye izikhathi ukugoma ngeke kwenzeke. Ngokuyinhloko kuyaphikisana nabantwana abanomzimba omzimba obuthakathaka. Ngaphezu kokuzivikela okunciphise, i-BCG contraindications yilezi ezilandelayo:
- ingane enamandla kakhulu ekubelethweni (ngaphansi kuka 2.5 kg);
- I-HIV kumama;
- izifo ezingapheli esimweni esisebenzayo;
- Ukuba khona kokuxhumana nama-virus ngaphambi kokungena kwe-inoculation;
- ubuhlobo (ukuxilongwa kokugoma nezihlobo).