Kuyini ukuhlaziya futhi kuhluke kanjani ekukhuleni kwamanani?

Emkhakheni wezezimali, kunamagama amaningi asetshenziswayo, eziningi zazo ezingaziwa kubantu abaningi. Izindaba zingavame ukuzwakala, igama elifana nokuhlaziywa, okuhlobene nemali kazwelonke.

Kuyini ukuhlaziywa?

Inqubo eholela ekunciphiseni kwemali kazwelonke ngokumelene nezindleko zamazwe angaphandle kuthiwa ukulinganisa. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukulinganisela, ake sinike isibonelo: isilinganiso samanje sokushintshaniswa kwe-ruble nge-dollar ngu-$ 1 = $ 60, futhi uma ukwehla kweRussia kwenzeka, isilinganiso sizoshintsha futhi hhayi ngokuthanda i-ruble, isibonelo, $ 1 = 65 r. Kuyacaca ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwemali, lokhu kwehla kwemali, okungukuthi, ngenani elifanayo lemali kazwelonke kungathengwa ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe.

Izizathu zokuhlaziya

Ezimweni eziningi, inqubo yokunciphisa ingumphumela wezinguquko ze-macroeconomic. Ukuhlaziywa kwemali kungavela ngenxa yalokho:

1. Ukwandisa ukungeniswa kwemikhiqizo uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe angaphandle, okubangela ukungalingani kwezwe lokuhwebelana.
2. Ukunciphisa amandla okuthenga wabantu ngenxa yokwehla kokuboleka kwamabhange. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokungathembeki kwezikhungo zezezimali noma ukwehla izinga lemali.
3. I-jump in the level of inflation.
4. Ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi ukulinganisela, esinye isizathu kufanele sinikezwe - uma kwenzeka ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, imali yezwe yangaphandle ikhula ukuze inxephezele ukugcwaliswa kwemali, njengoba isabelomali sezwe sibalwa ngamanye amanani.
5. Isimo sezomnotho esingaguquki siholela eqinisweni lokuthi abantu abaningi bazama ukuletha i-kapal ezweni ngehlobo lwemali.

Ukuhlaziywa kuqhubeka kanjani?

Igama lezomnotho lisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa isimo lapho imali kazwelonke iwa uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso sezimali zezwe ezizinzile: idola noma i-euro. Umqondo wokuhlaziya ungacatshangwa njengenye yezinketho zamabhange kazwelonke ukuphatha imali. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi simo siphethwe. Ukuthola ukuthi yikuphi ukulinganisa, kufanelekile ukuthi emazweni lapho imali "isondela", inqubo enjalo ivele ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi njalo.

Izinhlobo zokuhlaziya

Esikhathini sezimali, izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zalesi senzakalo zisetshenziselwa: zifihliwe futhi zivulekile. Zizoxoxwa ngezansi, kodwa manje sizobe sinakekele umbono onjengokuhlaziywa kwezimali. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza izinguquko zentela ezihloswe ekuvuseleleni imiphumela efanayo etholakala lapho kuhlaziywa imali yesizwe. Uma sicabangela isithombe esiphezulu salesi simo, sisho ukunciphisa intela ethinta izindleko zokukhiqiza, ngokukhulisa intela ekusetshenzisweni kokugcina.

Ukuhlaziywa okufihlekile

Lolu hlobo lusetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukwehla kwenkambo ngaphandle kwemibono evela kuhulumeni. Ngenxa yalokho, amanani aphakama, kodwa akukho ukuhoxiswa kwemali "eyengeziwe" kusuka ekuthengisweni. Ukuwa okufihliwe ngesilinganiso kungadla isikhathi eside. Leli gama elizifihliwe lokulinganisa izinga lisetshenziswe lapho kudingekile ukunciphisa umthelela wesilinganiso semali kazwelonke emnothweni. Uma izinguquko zingenzi kahle, ingozi yenkinga yemali isanda kakhulu.

Vula ukuhlaziya

Uma usebenzisa lolu hlobo lwama-ejensi kahulumeni yenza isitatimende esisemthethweni. Ibhange eliphakathi lihlela ukushintsha inkambo, futhi ulwazi olunjalo luvulekile. Inqubomgomo yokuhlaziywa kwalolu hlobo ichaza ukuhoxiswa kwemali "eyengeziwe", okunciphisa izintengo zezimpahla namasevisi. Uma imali ehlisiwe ishintshwe entsha, khona-ke amanani aphakama. Le nqubo ayihlali isikhathi eside, futhi amahora ambalwa kuphela. Izinzuzo zalolu khetho zihlanganisa ukukhuphula ukuncintisana kokuthengiswa kwempahla, kanye namaminithi - ukwehla kwamandla okuthenga, amanani okutshala izimali kanye nezinye izinqubo ezihlobene.

Ukuhlaziya kanye nehlelo - umehluko

Eqinisweni, imigomo eveziwe ifana namagama kuphela. Ukuze uqonde umehluko phakathi kokuhlaziya kanye nenhlangano, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini umqondo wesibili, ngoba lowo owayengumdala wayekhulunywe ngaye ngaphambili. Uma sikhuluma ngolimi olutholakalayo, i-denomination iyintsalela yemali endala ngezingxenye ezintsha ngehlelo eliphansi. Inqubo enjalo ingadlulela emasontweni ambalwa kuya eminyakeni. Ngenxa yesonto, kungenzeka ukuqinisa imali kazwelonke, ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokuhlala futhi ukwandise isidingo sempahla namasevisi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwemali kanye nokwehla kwemali - umehluko

Amagama anjalo, ngokusho kwezomnotho, anezici eziningi ezivamile, ngoba kuzo zombili izimo amandla okuthenga abantu awela. Uma sicabanga ukuthi ukuqhathaniswa kwemali kuhluke ekukhuleni kwamandla emali, kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi esimweni sokuqala, i-solvency iwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezimali zamanye amazwe, futhi okwesibili - ngokuqondene nayo emakethe yasekhaya. Omunye umehluko wukuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali akunakwenzeka ukulawula.

Iyini ingozi yokuhlaziya?

Inqubo yokwehliswa kwemali kazwelonke ingaba nemiphumela emihle nembi. Okokuqala, ake sibheke ukuthi ukulinganisela okuholela ekuboneni okuhle:

1. Kunesidingo esikhulayo sezimpahla ezikhiqizwa ekhaya.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinqolobane zegolide zezwe kanye nezokungena kwamanye amazwe kunciphisa.
3. Njengoba umthengisi eqhuba ukushintshanisa imali ngezinga elihle kuye, khona-ke kukhona ukuvuselelwa kokuthengiswa kwempahla.

Ukuze uqonde kangcono lesi sihloko, kubalulekile ukucabangela imiphumela emibi yokuhlaziya:

1. Emakethe yasekhaya kukhona ukwanda kwamanani.
2. Izimpahla ezikhiqizwa ekhaya zifinyeleleka kakhulu.
3. Izakhamizi zilahlekelwe ithemba lokuthola imali yesizwe, eye yehla.
4. Njengoba ukwandiswa kwamanani entengo, ukungeniswa kwemikhiqizo kunqunyelwe.
5. Kunezinkinga ezinkulu emabhizinisini omsebenzi wabo ohlobene nezinto zokusetshenziswa zangaphandle kanye nezimpahla.
6. Ukuxoxa ngesihloko - yini ukuhlaziywa, kubalulekile ukukhuluma iphuzu elilodwa elibi - kukhona ukuhlaziywa kwamadiphozi ngemali kazwelonke.
7. Imiholo kanye nempesheni iyancipha, okuyinto ethinta kabi umsebenzi wokuthenga.

Ukunciphisa izindleko kuzothinta kanjani izikweletu?

Uma kunesilinganiso sokuwa, abantu abanezikweleti zemali yangaphandle bahlupheka. Ukuhlaziya nokukweleta ebhange kukhona izinto ezimbili ezihambelanayo, ngoba ngokunciphisa izinga lokukhuphuka kwamanani emali, okuholela ezintengo eziphakeme zezimpahla nemali mboleko, kufaka phakathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi intengo yemalimboleko ikhuphuka ngokushesha kunamaphesenti ama-ruble. Isimo esinzima esifanayo sinemalimboleko yokubolekwa kwempahla, njengoba inani lentengo yendawo yokuhlala lishintsha. Ngemuva kokuthi isimo sigxilile, izimo zezikweletu ziba nzima.

Yini okufanele uyenze ngokuhlaziya?

Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwesaba kuvela njalo, okuholela kubantu abenza amaphutha okwenza isimo sabo sezimali sibe sibi nakakhulu. Kwakukhona ukuhlaziywa, ukukwenzenjani ngemali egcinwe kuyo, kuphi ukugcina imali namanye amathiphu:

1. Ungathengi imali uma iqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Okuhlukile kungase kube izimo lapho umuntu ehlela ukukugcina isikhathi eside. Abanemali, ngaphandle kwe-euro nama-dollar, batusa ukukhetha imali yezwe laseChina, eSwitzerland, eNorway, eJapane naseSweden, njengoba la mazwe enomnotho ozinzile. Kungcono ukugcina imali ngezimali ezimbalwa.
2. Kunconywa ukuba "nomcamelo wemali", oklanyelwe ezikhathini ezinzima.
3. Uma kunokwenzeka, buyiselwa zonke izikweletu, futhi akukhuthazwa ukuboleka imali entsha. Uma kunezikweleti zemali zangaphandle, kufanele uzame ukwenza konke ukuzilungisa kabusha ngamarublethi.
4. Izindleko zemishini yasendlini zikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke akusizi ngalutho ukutshala imali ekuthengeni kwayo.
5. Ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi ukulinganisela, kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi esimeni sokulahlekelwa kwemali, umbuso uzosindisa amabhange amakhulu ngokuvuselela kabusha, ngakho-ke ungakhetha enye yezinhlangano zezezimali ezizinzile futhi indawo lapho ukhokhelwa khona isikhathi eside ngenzuzo enkulu.
6. Ukutshala izimali ngempumelelo ngesikhathi sokuwa kwenkambo, kubalulekile ukuthi uqoke kahle iphothifoliyo futhi ube necebo elithembekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ungalahlekelwa yimali.
7. Uma umuntu enemali engeke ayidinge isikhathi eside, khona-ke ungayitshala izimpahla eziyigugu .
8. Enye yezithiphu ezibaluleke kakhulu akufanele ukwesaba futhi uhlole isimo ngokucophelela. Ungathembi ulwazi oluzwayo, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi uhlole kabili. Izazi ze-Psychologists zeluleka ngezikhathi ezinjalo ukubuka izindaba ezincane futhi hhayi ukuhlela izidakamizwa nabanye.

Indlela yokwenza imali ngokuhlaziya?

Ezikhathini ezinzima zezwe awukwazi ukulondoloza imali yakho kuphela, kodwa ngisho nokuthola. Into eyinhloko ukwazi ukuthi ngubani ozuzayo kusukela ekuhlalisweni, nokuthi kuphi ukutshala kahle.

1. Ukusayina izinkontileka zesikhathi eside ngenani elinqunyiwe lempahla namasevisi. Amanani kufanele aboniswe ngemali noma ahlanganiswe nezinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-ruble ngesikhathi sokusayina izibambiso. Uma inkampani isebenza njengomthengi, khona-ke kuyinzuzo ukuphetha ukuthengiselana nge-ruble.
2. Izikhathi zokucindezeleka emnothweni ziphumelele ngenhlangano yebhizinisi elisha. Kubalulekile ukukhetha indlela efanele, ukucabanga nokubala konke.
3. Kubantu abanakho ukukhiqizwa kwabo, ukuhluka okulandelayo kwemali engenayo kungenzeka: ukukhishwa kwemikhiqizo emisha engakwazi ukuncintisana nokuthengiswa. Ochwepheshe batusa ukunaka izinkampani zemakethe, lapho ibhizinisi langaphandle lihambe khona, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo isidingo sisekhona.
4. Imibono mayelana nokuthengwa kwezindlu zangasese ngaleso sikhathi ochwepheshe bahlukile. Uma uphendule inketho enenzuzo, khona-ke ungaphuthelwa leli thuba - lingamahloni. Kuyinto engenangqondo ukuthenga izakhiwo zangaphandle zezebhizinisi.
5. Uma umuntu enemali yamahhala, kufanelekile ukucabanga ngokuthenga imali. Kunconywa ukuthi ugcine imali iyaqhubeka kuma-akhawunti wezimali zangaphandle.
6. Ngesikhathi sokuncipha kwemali kazwelonke, umuntu kufanele abheke amasheya, njengoba imakethe yamasheya ewela. Abacwaningi babika ukuthi izinkampani zamafutha kanye nezinkampani ze-metallurgical zinethemba elihle, ngoba zinenzuzo ngemali, futhi zikhula ngamanani.