I-hosta - ukutshala nokukhathalela emhlabathini ovulekile, izici zokulima

Khetha umhlobiso omuhle we-infield yakho, ngakho-ke ngaleyo njongo umphathi, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile yiwona ofanele kakhulu ukuthi anciphisa ukukhetha indawo efanele futhi asebenzise imithetho eminingi ye-agrotechnical. Kuyinto isitshalo se-herbaceous, sama-steppe esingafani kahle nakwezinhlobo eziningi ze-landscape.

Hamba - ukufika

Isitshalo esihle semifino sibukeka kahle emahlathini okuhlanganiswa ngokuhambisana nezitshalo ezihlukahlukene zezimbali eduze nezinqolobane zokufakelwa. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ummemezeli ukhula kancane, futhi ukubona izihlahla ezinhle zokusabalalisa kuzodingeka ulinde. Esinye isici - okungajwayelekile nakakhulu okuhlobisa okuhlukahlukene, kuzothatha isikhathi ukukhula ngokugcwele. Ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala izibonakaliso ze-varietal kuzobe kuboniswe buthakathaka. Ukutshala imbali yomnakekeli futhi uyayinakekela kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemithetho, eyenziwa ngokucabangela ukukhethwa kwalesi siko.

Hosta - imbewu yokutshala

Ukuze ukhule isiko eliyisiko eliyisiqalo esidlangalaleni, ungasebenzisa imbewu edayiswa ezitolo noma ingaqoqwa kalula ehlathini elikhulayo. Qaphela ukuthi izitshalo ezivuthiwe ziba amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwangu-8 emva kokuvuna impova. Ukuqoqa imbewu esikhathini sokuphela kwehlobo kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekwindla. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungaphuthelwa umzuzu lapho amabhokisi eba mnyama futhi evulekile. Ukuze uhlakulele ama-Hosts ngembewu uphumelele, impahla eqoqiwe iqoqwe ngokucophelela ekushiseni okuphakeme kuka-30-35 ° C, efakwe esikhwameni nasitolo ekushiseni kuka-2-4 ° C.

Ukuze uqale futhi ukhule ngokujulile umlindi, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile kusho ukutshala imbewu kusuka kwezithombo. Yenza lokhu ngemithetho eminingi:

1. Okokuqala, inzalo yamatangi okutshala, ukuphakama okufanele kube ngu-8-10 cm. Sebenzisa utshwala ngokwezokwelapha. Ukuhlanza umhlaba, kufanele uwuthulule ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate bese ugoba isigamu sehora ekugezeni kwamanzi.
2. Imbewu ihamba esithuthumayo sokukhula , isibonelo, ku "Kornevin". Abanye balimi batusa ukucubungula kwangaphambili futhi bathathe imbewu ezinyangeni ezingu-2-2.5. emakhazeni.
3. Qala imbewu ye-seeding kangcono ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Gcwalisa isitsha nge-drainage kanye nenhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Spread imbewu, uzama ukwenza 1 pc. Okuphezulu ngendwangu yomhlabathi, ububanzi obuyi-5-7 mm.
4. Kancane kancane uhlanganise inhlabathi bese uyihambisa. Beka iphephandaba phezulu, ukuze kuthathe umswakama obuningi, futhi umboze isitsha ngefilimu noma ingilazi.
5. Beka iziqukathi endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lingekho ngaphansi kwe-18 ° C, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kuka-25 ° C. Izithombo zizovela emavikini angu-2-3, into esemqoka ungakhohlwa ukumanzisa inhlabathi. Izithombo azivezi ngaphansi kwemisebe eshisayo yelanga. Ukushayela kwansuku zonke. Uma ushiya ngokugcwele amaqabunga nezithombo ziqina, ungahlwanyela amaSulumane endaweni evulekile.

Ukutshala kubamba i-rhizome

Lokhu kuhlukahluka kokulima kulula uma kuqhathaniswa nokutshala kwembewu. Ukuze uqale impi, ukutshala nokukhathalela emhlabathini ovulekile, ucabange ngemithetho elandelayo:

1. Kubalulekile ukunaka ikhwalithi yezimpande, ngakho akufanele zibole, zimele futhi zomiswe ngokweqile. Kufanele okungenani babe neziqu ezimbili zokukhula.
2. Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, qiniseka ukuthi uhlanza impahla yokutshala ezimpandeni ezimele futhi uphathe ngezindlela ezivela empandeni yokubola kanye nefungus.
3. Okufanelekile, uma inhlabathi yokutshala ilungiswa kusukela ekwindla. Ukwenza lokhu, gcwalisa umbhede nge-humus noma umquba bese umba. Uma lokhu kungenakwenziwa, faka umanyolo obunzima emgodini ngamunye wokutshala.
4. Njengoba izimpande zikhula ngokuzungezile, ukufika kwamabutho emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele kwenziwe emigodini enkulu. Ibanga eliphakathi kwabo ngezinhlobo ezincane kufanele libe ngu-20-30 cm, futhi libe liphakathi nendawo elide ku-40-50 cm. Emgodini, yenza isigundane phakathi nendawo bese ubeka izimpande ukusakaza kuso. Gcwalisa umhlabathi, ushiye intamo yempande ingajuli. Ekugcineni ekugcineni konke ukuthululela.

Nini ukubeka umphathi endaweni evulekile?

Ekutshalweni kokuqala kwezimpande noma imbewu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu alithandeki, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqala ukutshala isitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Esinye isikhathi esifanele sivela ekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. Ukutshala abasikazi entwasahlobo emhlabathini kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho. Qaphela, uma izimpande zathengwa ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, kuzomele zigcinwe ngendlela efanele. Ama-rhizomes athengwe nge-peat kancane enomanzi bese efakwa esikhwameni se-cellophane nge-ventilation. Gcina kuzo esiqandisini noma esiteji, into esemqoka ukuthi ukushisa akuwa ngaphansi + 1 ° C.

I-Hosta - indawo yokufika

Ukuze uthole intuthuko enhle yenkambiso ye-herbaceous, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanele yokutshala, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi lowo muntu uhambela isiko. Cabanga uma ubeka isimo se-Host hosts - ukhanyisa amaqabunga eduze nesihlahla, lapho efuna khona ilanga. Uma ukhetha izinhlobo eziluhlaza eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okukhethwa kukho kunikelwa ezindaweni ezisemthunzini. Kwezinye izimo, vele ulondoloze ilanga emhlathini endaweni evulekile, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela ekushiseni.

Ukuze kuhlwanyelwe amabutho enempilo, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile kumele ucabange izinga lehlabathi. Nakuba kungenasidingo emhlabeni, kungcono ukunikeza okuthandayo kumuntu we-humus loam, lapho amanzi angeke ahlume khona. Uma isayithi elinomhlabathi we-sod-podzolic likhethiwe, ke kunconywa ukuthi ungeze kuwo ama-humus, isanti namaminerali amaminerali kuwo. Qaphela ukuthi lapho ukufika endaweni yezihlabathi zomninimzi kuyokhula isikhathi eside futhi kuvame ukulimala.

Amahostela - ukunakekela nokulima

Lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi sidinga, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sokuthuthukiswa okulungile kubalulekile ukucabangela imithetho eminingi:

1. Ukunakekelwa kwamabandla kubandakanya ukukhishwa kwokhula njalo nokukhishwa kwesikhashana kwenhlabathi ukuqinisekisa ukufinyeleleka kwe-oxygen.
2. Ukuze wenze ukubonakala kwehlathi kuhlotshiswe, susa amaqabunga aphuzi nemicibisholo emincane yezimbali.
3. Endaweni eyodwa, ummemezeli emhlabathini ovulekile angakhula iminyaka engama-20, kepha ukuze isihlahla singakhuli, eminyakeni 3-4 emva kokutshala kuyadingeka ukwehlukanisa izimpande zendodakazi encane.

Ukunakekelwa kwamasimu entwasahlobo

Ngemuva kokubanda ubusika, kunzima ukubona amahlumela amasha ngisho no-Meyi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ukhula olunomsoco namanzi. Qinisekisa ukususa indawo yokukhosela ukuze uqinisekise ukufinyelela kwelanga nokushisa esitshalweni. Ukunakekela umphathi entwasahlobo e-dacha kudinga ukufaka umanyolo, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa umquba wezitshalo nezimbali zokuhlobisa. Ukusheshisa inqubo yokwakha imifino, ungakwazi ukufaka amanzi esihlathini ngesisombululo se-nitrophosphate, ngakho-ke yonke imitha engama-1 kufanele ibe ne-30-40 g.

Ukunakekela umphathi ehlobo

Esikhathini esishisayo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umhlaba awuwomile okuningi, ngakho-ke ukuchelela kutholakala kanye ngesonto. Kumele kube ningi, kodwa ihlanzekile, ukuze i-jet eqinile ingabonakali umhlaba futhi iphule amaqabunga. Kuze kube phakathi kukaJulayi kuyasiza ukwenza umanyolo usebenzisa isisombululo sikaMellein noma umquba omuncu. Ukunakekelwa kwamabutho asehlobo ehlobo evulekile kusho ukukhishwa kwezinyawo ezincane, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqabunga azohlukana futhi amahlathi ayovuleka. Iziqu ezimnandi zingashiywa.

Ukunakekela umphathi ekwindla

Ukuvikela isitshalo emaqabunga aqinile ebusika, kubalulekile ukumboza izihlahla. Okokuqala udinga ukusika wonke amahlamvu, ngakho-ke iphutha elikhulu ukulishiya ukuze usebenze umquba, njengoba umphumela wesifo sezifo ezingase zibhubhise amahlathi. Ukugcina umlindi, ukutshala nokunakekelwa emhlabathini ovulekile kusho ukusika amashidi, kodwa kufanele kubune ngokuphelele.

Njengendawo yokuhlala yasebusika, sebenzisa amagatsha ase-spruce noma i-peat. Kunconywa ukuba uqale ukukhipha imishanguzo ye-organics ekhethiwe ngokuqala, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa uthuli ugwayi noma ukulungiselela u-"Fitosporin-M". Ukutshalwa kwezilwane emhlabathini ovulekile kuvimbela ukondla ekwindla, njengoba lesi sitshalo singagwinya. Enye i-tip - emva kokubhakabhaka, qiniseka ukuthi ususa ama-peduncles ukuze imbewu ingabi nesikhathi sokwenza, futhi isitshalo sinesikhathi sokubuyisela amandla ayo ebusika.

Ukunakekela abakwaSimakade ensimini - ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ehlathini kuthokozela ukuqhuma kwamaqabunga futhi kungaguli, kunconywa ukwenza umanyolo. Abalimi abanolwazi bayalulekwa ukuba bafeze umquba wokugqugquzela ngesikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza futhi emva kokuqedwa. Ekunakekelweni kokusondwa kwemvelo entwasahlobo nasehlobo kufanele kube nokubunjwa kwe-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus. Kuwusizo ekutshaleni umquba kanye nama-humus, kodwa kungcono ukuwenza lapho utshala. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungadluli ngamanyolo.

Ukutshalwa kwezitshalo - ukuchelela

Ukulondoloza ubuhle nokukhula okuhle, kubalulekile ukufeza amanzi amaningi. Emhlabathini ovulekile, ukuchelela kunconywa ekuseni ukugwema ukucula amaqabunga. Ukunisela abakwa-Host and ukunakekelwa ekushiseni kwesimo sezulu esishisayo, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi uketshezi ukwenyuka. Kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi aphelile, okungafanele akubandayo. Fundisa, uma izitshalo sezipholile amaqabunga amaqabunga, lokhu kubonisa inani elingekho emswakama.

Ukutshalwa kwezilwane emhlabathini ovulekile - ukukhiqiza

Ukuze ukwandise inani lamasimu endaweni yakini, ungasebenzisa imbewu kanye nama-rhizomes, nokuthi ukukwenza kahle kanjani kuboniswe ngenhla. Ukukhiqizwa kwamabutho, ukutshala nokuzinakekela kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemigomo ye-agrotechnical, ngakho-ke ungasebenzisa izinketho ezimbili:

1. Ukukhiqizwa nge-cuttings. Qala umsebenzi kusukela maphakathi no-May kuya ku-Agasti. Sebenzisa amahlumela amancane ngamaqabunga amancane nezimpande ezincane. Ngemva kokusika ama-cuttings, susa amaqabunga futhi ungawabeka ebhodweni elilungiselelwe. Ekuqaleni, ingaba mhlophe, kodwa ngenxa yokuphuza nokuphuza njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuyoqala ukuthuthukisa.
2. Ukuphindaphinda ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Umngane ukhula kahle, utshale futhi unakekele emhlabathini ovulekile olandelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla. Ukusetshenziselwa inqubo kusekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kuka-September. Hlukanisa izingxenye ezincane, into esemqoka ukuthi ube nama-rosettes ama-1-2. Beka izitshalo ezintsha emithonjeni, eboshwe ngaphambilini, ngokujula kwe-20-25 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemifula kufanele libe ngu-30-35 cm. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi unamanzi amahlumela amaningi.

Amandla okukhula engadini - izifo nezinambuzane

Lesi sitshalo sinomzimba omuhle wokulwa nezifo ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okungafanele emhlabathini ovulekile, izinkinga ezilandelayo zingase ziphakame:

1. Fillistikoz. Lesi sifo sefungal singatholakala emabala ombala obomvu. Inkinga isakazeka masinyane. Ukunakekelwa kwempi e-dacha kubonisa ukukhishwa kwezinxenye ezithintekile, futhi uchithe izihlahla ngezidakamizwa "i-Vectra" noma "i-Abiga-Peak".
2. Grey ukubola. Okokuqala, ukubola kwamacebiso weqabunga kubonakala, bese kuthi, lesi sifo sifike kulo lonke ipuleti. Ukulwa nesifo kungase kube usizo lwe-Bordeaux fluid.
3. Izimpande ezibolile zibolile. Ngomswakama ongaphezulu, izimpande ziqala ukubola. Isitshalo esithintekayo kufanele sitshalwe, izimpande zageza futhi izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi zisusiwe, bese ziphathwa ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate futhi zatshalwe kwenye indawo.
4. Slugs. Ama-parasites athinta amaqabunga, ashiya amathrekhi we-mucus omisiwe kanye nezimbobo ezincane. Kunzima ukulwa nabo, ngakho faka "Ukuduma Kwezulu" ukuhlambalaza ngaphansi kwesitshalo bese umboza i-plywood ne-host host ebusuku. Ekuseni uqoqe ama-slugs.
5. I-nematodes enqabile. Ama-parasites akhiqiza masinyane futhi avela kuwo emaqabeni kukhona amapheshana alula ombala obomvu. Izindawo ezingathintekile kudingeka zisuswe futhi zifakwe i-disinfected ngokusebenzisa isisombululo se-formalin.