Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu eziphathelene nezingane kubangelwa i-leukemia (umdlavuza wegazi noma i-leukemia). Ngalesi sifo, amangqamuzana egazi ahlaziywa ngamangqamuzana abulalayo, ahambisa izicubu ezivamile ze-hematopoietic. Inqubo ye-pathological kusuka emnothweni wamathambo idlula egazini, echaphazela izitho ezibalulekile (isibindi, uhlangothi, ubuchopho, i-lymph nodes). Ukunciphisa inani lamangqamuzana avamile egazini kuholela ekudleni kwegazi, ukucindezelwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ukuphuma kwegazi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo.
Izimbangela ze-leukemia ezinganeni
Ukuphendula ngokungaqondakali embuzweni obunzima kakhulu "kungani abantwana behlushwa yi-leukemia" abakwazi ukuqhubeka. Ngokomqondo owodwa, imbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kungase kube ukwephulwa kokubunjwa nokwakhiwa kweseli le-medullary.
Ngokuvamile endaweni engcupheni yilabo bantwana abanakho:
- ukutholakala kwezifo zofuzo;
- ukuphazamiseka kokuzalwa komzimba omzimba;
- izihlobo eziseduze (ikakhulukazi amawele) ayegula ngengculaza;
- ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali, i-radiation, noma ukuxhumana ne-benzene;
- ukucindezeleka ngokuphoqeleka kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, uma uthatha imithi.
Izinhlobo ze-leukemia ezinganeni
Ngokuvamile, izingane zihlakulela i-leukemia ephawulekayo, i-leukemia engapheli ezinganeni inqabile kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ifomu elilodwa alingena kwenye, ngoba uhlobo ngalunye lwesifo lunqunywa uhlobo lwamaseli abulalayo.
- I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia ivela ezinkingeni ezingu-3 kwezingu-4 zomdlavuza wegazi ezinganeni;
- I-acute leukemia ye-myeloblastic yinto yesibili evame kakhulu kubantwana;
- i-leukemia exubekile, i-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli, i-chronic myeloid leukemia engavamile kakhulu ezinganeni.
Izimpawu ze-leukemia enganeni
- ukuphuma nokulimaza ngaphandle kwesizathu;
- ukwandisa izinga lokushisa komzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu;
- ukubonakala kwe-dyspnea noma ukukhwehlela;
- ubuhlungu besikhumba nesikhumba;
- ikhanda, umbono okhubazekile nokulinganisela;
- ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso nokuhlushwa;
- ukubonakala kwe-rash esikhumbeni nokuvuvukala esiswini, ubuhlungu, intamo.
Lapho kuvela izibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo, kufanele uthintane nodokotela ngokushesha, ngoba ukutholakala kwesikhathi kwesifo kanye nokuqala kokwelashwa kwandisa amathuba okuthola ngokugcwele.
Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele, umnkantsha we-bone, i-spinal puncture.
Ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia ezinganeni
Imithi yokwelashwa yomuntu ngamunye inqunywa udokotela ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwe-leukemia nesigaba sayo. Ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokwelashwa kwesifo esiyisisekelo, ukwelashwa kokutheleleka nezinye izinhlobo zezinkinga zesifo kuyenziwa. Ngenkathi yokwelapha, ingane kumele ihlale ihlukaniswe ngokuphelele ekuxhumaneni nezwe langaphandle ukuze ingabandakanyi ukutheleleka ngezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ngokuvamile, njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, ama-antibiotics anqunywe.
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kuhloswe ekunciphiseni ukuthuthukiswa kokuqhuma amaseli kanye nokubhujiswa kwawo ukuze kuvimbele ukungena egazini legazi. Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoba uma okungenani kukhona ukuqhuma okulodwa okusele egazini, lesi sifo siphuthuka ngamandla amasha.
Indlela eyinhloko yokwelapha i-leukemia yi-chemotherapy, engenziwa nge-intravenously, intramuscularly, ku-flure cerebrospinal nangendlela yamathebulethi. I-radiation therapy nayo isetshenziselwa ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza nokwehlisa ubukhulu bezilonda zesisu.
Njengesisindo sokuvimbela lesi sifo kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe njalo nabachwepheshe futhi uthathe izivivinyo zokuvimbela i-laboratory. Ezinganeni eziye zathola i-leukemia, kuyadingeka ukuba uphathe ukwelapha okulwa nokubuyela emuva. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokubala kwegazi kwengane kubalulekile. Ngemuva kokuphulukisa iziguli akukhuthazwa ukuthuthela kwezinye izimo zezulu, futhi izinqubo ze-physiotherapy ziphikisana.