Isimo lapho kuncipha khona embonweni, engakwazi ukulungiswa, kubizwa nge-amblyopia noma iso elivilaphayo. Ukukhishwa kwe-amblyopia ezinganeni - ukuthi kuyini - kuyimvelo kulabo abaye bahlangana nayo. Lesi sifo senziwa ngamaphesenti amabili abantu. Izibalo zisitshela ukuthi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezingane eziphathwa ngezindlela zokwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele zikwazi ukuqeda iso elivilaphayo.
Kuyini i-eye amblyopia ezinganeni?
I-eyey eye syndrome, ebizwa ngokuthi i-amblyopia, ibonakala ngokunciphisa embonweni, okuyinto enzima kakhulu ukuyilungisa ngosizo lwezibuko noma amalensi. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nesifo se-amblyopia ezinganeni, ukuthi yini futhi kungani umbono wehla, kuzoba usizo kubo bonke abazali ukuba bakwazi ukukubona ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukunciphisa umbono kanye nobukhali bawo kubangelwa ukuwohloka kwamakhono okuhlala ngamehlo nokuphulwa kobuzwe obuhlukile. Futhi, kwenzeka ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezithombeni ezibukwayo.
Lesi sifo sinezinhlobo eziningana:
- I-amblyopia ye-Refractive. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Ihla ngenxa yokunciphisa embonweni ophakathi, kodwa ngokufaka ngesikhathi esifanele ama-optics akhethekile ekwelapheni, ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo kungagwenywa.
- Disbinocular. Kwenzeka ngenxa ye-strabismus futhi ngokusobala ukuphambuka kwe-eyeball, ngokushesha umbono ubonakala.
- Hysterical. Njengoba igama libonisa, kwenzeka ezinganeni ezinomlutha we-neuralgic nokugula kwengqondo . Ezinganeni ezinjalo, ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo kungacasulwa yinoma yikuphi ukwethuka kokukhathazeka.
- Ixubile. Kuleli fomu, izinhlobo eziningana ze-amblyopia zingaxutshwa.
Ivila ezinganeni - izizathu
Uma ucabangela zonke izimbangela ze-amblyopia, kufanele uqale uqaphele iqembu eliyingozi ekuthuthukiseni i-eye eye syndrome yevila:
- ukuphelelwa isikhathi kwangaphambili nokuphindaphinda kwe-prematurity ;
- Ukukhubazeka kwesiberethri;
- ukuphuza kwengqondo;
- ukuzalwa (uma emlandweni womndeni kwakukhona amacala we-cataract, strabismus, amblyopia, isometropia, i-anisometropia).
I-Amblyopia ezinganeni - ukuthi iyini nokuthi kungani ivela, izosiza ukuqonda izizathu eziyinhloko:
- umehluko ngobukhulu be-eyeball;
- ukungabi nalutho kwe-retina ye-iso (kungaba nemameva, ama-cataract, izinguquko ezibalulekile ku-lens);
- ukubhekwa okuphezulu kwesinye iso;
- i-strabismus;
- i-corneal opacity;
- Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-astigmatism leso elilodwa.
Ama-degree of amblyopia ezinganeni
Ivila ezinganeni, kuye ngokuthi izinga lokulahlekelwa kombono, lihlukaniswe ngamadigri:
- ubuthakathaka obubonakalayo buthakathaka 0.8 - 0.4;
- isilinganiso - ubuciko obubonakalayo 0.3 - 0.2;
- ubuciko obuphezulu bokubukeka 0,1 - 0,05;
- I-acuity ephezulu kakhulu ebonakalayo engaphansi kuka-0.04.
U-Amblyopia ezinganeni - ukwelashwa
Umbuzo uwukuthi kungenzeka yini ukwelapha i-amblyopia enganeni, abazali bezingane bayabuzwa futhi lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba izinkolelo eziningi zihamba ngalesi sifo futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa iqiniso nezinganekwane. I-Amblyopia ezinganeni nokuthi siyini, siyicabangile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iphathwa kahle kangcono ngaphambili lokhu kugula kutholakala. Inkinga yukuthi ingane ayikwazi ukuthi kufanele ibone kanjani kusukela ekuzalweni, ngakho-ke akulula ukubona ukugula ezinyathelweni zokuqala, ngoba izikhalazo mayelana nombono ompofu azifiki.
Ukuzivocavoca iso iso elivilaphayo
Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe besimanje, namuhla kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izindlela eziphumelelayo, uma nje izivivinyo ezihlongozwayo zenziwa njalo. Kungcono uma ukuzivocavoca nge-amblyopia ezinganeni kukhompyutha kuzohlale kuseduze, ngoba ukubukela amavidiyo ku-intanethi kwenza umsebenzi uxhomeke ekutholakaleni kwe-intanethi, okuyinto engavamile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukwelashwa kwe-amblyopia ezinganeni ekhaya kufanele kwenziwe ngale ndlela ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwabantu abadala.
Amaphuzu abantwana abane-amblyopia
Uma uthola ukuthi une "iso elivilaphayo," ukwelashwa kufanele kube okuphumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho-ke kungase kuzuze ukucela iseluleko kumuntu oyedwa ukuze uthole izincomo eziphelele. Phakathi kwabazali kunombono wokuthi isifo sevivi esivilaphayo asidingi sigqoke izibuko, abaningi banokungabaza ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani indlela enjalo. Kuqondene nomunye ohlotshisiwe ohlotsheni lweso, okubona okubi nakakhulu. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze wenze iso "levila" lisebenze.
Ama-lens othintana nabantwana abane-amblyopia
Ukucela ukuthi uphathe kanjani iso elivilaphayo, umuntu kufanele azi ukuthi amalensi oxhumana nabo asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuqondiseni umbono kunezibuko. Into eyinhloko ukuthi ama-lens akhethwe ngendlela efanele. Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa umbono, ama-lens ahlinzeka ithuba lokungazivimbeli ekuhambeni, ezemidlalo, echibini lokubhukuda njalonjalo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuyeka ukukhetha kuma-lens wokuxhumana, udinga ukujwayele uhlu lwezinkampani zokuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwazo:
- ukutholakala kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala emehlweni;
- ukwelashwa;
- i-glaucoma ;
- izifo zamapayipi alahlekile;
- ukuxoshwa kwe-lens.
Ukwelashwa kwe-hardware ye-amblyopia ezinganeni
Imithi yanamuhla isebenzisa ngempumelelo amadivaysi okwelashwa kwe-amblyopia ezinganeni. Kunemitholampilo eminingi kanye nezikhungo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuselela ezinikezela izindlela ezintsha. Kunzima kakhulu ukuziqonda ngokwakho kuhlukahluka okunjalo ngaphandle kokuba uchwepheshe, ngakho-ke kungcono ukufuna usizo lodokotela oqeqeshiwe. Futhi kungcono uma lo dokotela engenasithakazelo kumuntu ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi umgomo wakhe ungakanani.
Siphakamisa ukucubungula amadivaysi namadivaysi amaningi adumile futhi abe nedumela elihle phakathi kwalabo abathola ukwelashwa ngosizo lwabo.
- I-Synoptophor. I-apparatus iqeqesha ukuhamba kwamehlo. I-Essence - iso elilodwa liboniswa, isibonelo, isikwele, nesinye isisindo - umsebenzi wengane ukuphawula isitho esigcawini. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlanganisa izinkomba zamehlo nokuqeqesha imisipha yeso.
- "I-Device Brook". Uqeqesha indlela yokuhlala ngezimpawu ezihamba ngokuhambisana ne-algorithm ethize, bese isondela, noma ihamba.
- I-Ambliopanorama. Idivayisi isetshenziswe kusukela esemncane ukuphatha iso elivilapha ngendlela yezinsimu ezibonakala ziphazamisayo.
- "I-Cascade apparatus." Okuyinhloko ukuqeqeshwa kwezindlu ngosizo lwama-optics ye-eye ngosizo lwemiklamo yombala, eguqukayo ngokusho kwe-algorithm ethile.
- "I-Apparatus Mirage." Idalwe ukubunjwa kombono we-binocular kanye nesisekelo saso ukuthi isiguli sihlangene nesithombe esisodwa, siboniswe ngokulandelana.
U-Amblyopia - ukuhlinzwa kwabantwana
Ivila ezinabantwana, okwelashwa okushiwo ochwepheshe, akusizi ngaso sonke isikhathi umphumela oyifunayo, futhi umbono awunaki. Lokhu ekugcineni kungaholela ekukhubazekeni ngenxa yokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwombono. Indlela yokwelapha eqondile yukungenelela kokuhlinzwa nge-laser. Ivila iso le-syndrome ezinganeni uma kwenzeka i-anisometropia ingaqedwa ngokulungiswa kwe-laser. Kunalokho, susa isizathu esiyinhloko sokwenzeka kwayo. Emva kwalokho, ukwelashwa okulindelekile kunqunywe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwe-ophthalmologist.