I-retinopathy yegama ikhuluma ngesilonda esibucayi se-retina nomzimba we-vitreous we-eyeball. Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi sifo ukuwohloka kwegazi okwenziwe nge-retina ye-eyeball. Lokhu kwenzeka ngezinkinga zamathambo. Kubonakala njengesibonakaliso "somfundi omhlophe". Iningi livame ukuvela ezinganeni ezincane ezingakabiphi.
Kunezici eziningana zokufaka ingozi lapho izinga lokuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy elisanda kuzalwa landa ngokuphawulekayo.
- izinga elincane lokuvuthwa kwe-fetus (kuze kube amasonto angu-32);
- isikhathi eside (ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu) nokuvuthwa okujulile kwamaphaphu;
- Ukwelashwa kwe-oksijeni okungaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa (ngamanye amagama, ukuhlala isikhathi eside ku-incubator ye-hoveze-incubator yezinsana);
- isisindo esincane ekuzalweni (kuze kube ngu-2000 amagremu);
- izifo ezihlukahlukene ezihambisana ne-fetal pathologies;
- ukutholakala kwanoma yisiphi isifo esingenasifo sokuphefumula kumama;
- ukungena kwe-intrauterine;
- hypoxia yesisu;
- ukuphuma ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
I-eyeball kumele ifake esibelethweni sikamama. Uma ingane izalwa ngaphambi kosuku olufanele, ezinye izigaba zentuthuko zenzeka ngokuphelele kwezinye izimo. Ukukhanya ne-oxygen kuyingozi ekwakheni izitsha zokubuyisela. Lokhu kuholela ekusungulweni kwesifo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-retinopathy kwenzeka ngezigaba ezintathu:
- Isikhathi sokuqala yisikhathi esisebenzayo, esihlala kuze kube izinyanga ezingu-6 ubudala. Kule nkathi, izinguquko ezincane ezitsheni ze-retinal zenzeka.
- Isigaba sesibili senzeke esikhathini esingaphezulu konyaka. Kubonisa ukubukeka kwezinguquko ku-vitreous.
- Isikhathi sokuqeda sesithathu sibonakala ukwakhiwa kwezibazi. Phakathi nalesi sigaba (phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokuphila), i-retina ishintshwa kancane kancane yizicubu ezixhumeneyo futhi ilahlekelwa yizindawo zayo.
Indlela yokuphatha i-retinopathy?
Ukwelashwa kwe-retinopathy yokuguqulwa kwangaphambili kungenziwa ngokuqhubekayo noma ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukusebenza kwezindlela ezizimele kungaphansi. Ngakho-ke, ukugxiliswa kwamaconsi nokusetshenziswa kwamalungiselelo evithamini ngokuvamile kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kugcinwe imiphumela yokungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
Ukuzikhethela indlela yokwelapha okuhlinzekwa ngayo kuxhomeke esiteji sokuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Esikhathini sokuqala, i-coagulation (gluing) ye-retina yenziwa. Le nqubo ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-nitrogen noma i-laser. I-ophthalmologists yanamuhla ikhetha i-lazerocoagulation, njengoba le nqubo ingenabuhlungu. I, ngokungafani ne-cryocoagulation, idlula ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-anesthesia futhi ibe nezinkinga ezimbalwa. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha, njengomthetho, zibonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwezicubu ezibomvu kuyayeka futhi inqubo ye-pathological of retinopathy iyeka.
Kukhona inqubo ye-scleroplombing, evumela ukuthi kuthuthukiswe ngokuphawulekayo umbono ngombutho omncane we-retina. Uma kungenakwenzeka, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokususa i-vitreous. Le nqubo ibizwa nge-vitrectomy.
Izimpawu ze-retinopathy yokuqeda ukuqina
Qaphela ukuziphatha nesimo somntwana kufanele kube seminyaka emibili. Uma ubona izimpawu ezilandelayo, lesi yisikhathi sokubonisana nodokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko:
- ingane ayiboni izinto ezikude;
- lapho udlala ngamathoyizi, ubabeka eduze kakhulu emehlweni;
- ihlunga iso elilodwa;
- ukubukeka komntwana kwahla kakhulu;
- ikhula futhi iqhubekela phambili ngokusheshisa i-strabismus.
Imiphumela ye-retinopathy ye-prematurity
Ukunciphisa i-retinopathy ezinganeni ezingakabiphi kungaholela ekuthuthukiseni izinkinga ezinkulu. Phakathi kwabo, njenge-myopia, i-astigmatism, i-strabismus, i-glaucoma ne-cataract. Ingane ingakwazi ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela inkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi uthole izindlela zokuyixazulula.