I-CHD (isifo senhliziyo esibangelwayo) ezinganeni ziyingqayizivele yesakhiwo senhliziyo ngokwayo, izitsha zayo noma izixhobo zokugaya, eziye zavela esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine. Ukuvama kwalo kungaba ngu-0.8% ngokujwayelekile kanye no-30% wazo zonke izinkinga. Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo kuqala izinga lokufa kwezinsana nezingane ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa. Lapho ingane ifinyelela ezinyangeni ezingu-12, amathuba okuba nomphumela obulalayo anciphisa ama-5%.
CHD ezinsana - izimbangela
Ngezinye izikhathi imbangela ye-UPN ingahle ibe yinto yokwenza izakhi zofuzo, kepha ngokuvamile kuvame ngenxa yamathonya angaphandle kumama nengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okungukuthi:
- ukutheleleka ngegciwane, isibonelo, rubella;
- ukuphuza utshwala, umlutha womama;
- ukwamukela imithi eqinile;
- ukulimala;
- imiphumela yemisebe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zikhomba izinto eziningana ezingandisa ingozi yengane ene-syndrome ye-CHD:
- uma umama wengane eneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-35 ubudala;
- ukutholakala kwezifo ze-endocrine komunye wabalingani;
- usongo lokukhipha isisu ;
- ukuzalwa kwezingane ezifile, ukukhulelwa kabi komama;
- ukukhipha isisu;
- ukuba khona kwezingane noma izihlobo eziseduze ne-UPU.
CHD ezinganeni - izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-CHD ezinganeni zingabonakala ngisho nangesonto eli-16-18 lokukhulelwa phakathi ne-ultrasound, kepha ngokuvamile kuvame ukuxilongwa izingane ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo kunzima ukubona ngokushesha, ngakho abazali kufanele baqaphele lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- i-pallor ne- cyanosis yesikhumba kunxantathu ye-nasolabial , izindlebe, izitho;
- ukuphosa nokubanda kwamapeni nemilenze;
- okuthiwa "inhliziyo hump", ebonakalayo nge-palpation;
- inzuzo empofu empofu;
- ukulukhuni kwengane, ukubonakala kokuphefumula;
- imisindo enhliziyweni;
- ukubukeka kwezimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
Lapho kutholakala izimpawu zokukhathazeka, izingane ziqondiswa okokuqala ekucholeni kwe-heart, electrocardiogram nezinye izifundo eziningiliziwe.
Uhlu lwe-UPU
Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 zokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo ezibangelwa ukubeletha zihlukanisiwe, kodwa-ke, ukuhlukaniswa kwazo kulukhuni ngenxa yokuthi ngokuvamile zihlangene futhi, ngokufanayo, izimpawu zomtholampilo zesifo "zixutshwe".
Kwabahlengikazi, isigaba esikahle kunazo zonke nesifundisayo, esisekelwe ezimeni zendilinga encane yokujikeleza kanye nokuba khona kwe-cyanosis:
- amafutha ane-overload of circulation blood embuthanweni omncane;
- ukwephulwa kwesakhiwo se-septum yezokuxhumana;
- ukwephulwa kwesakhiwo se-septum ye-interventricular;
- iziphambeko ezibangelwa ukuhlangana komjikelezo omncane wokujikeleza kwegazi;
- ukuvulwa kwe-ductus arteriosus;
- i-tetrad ye-Fallot;
- isisu se-artery yamapayipi;
- ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aorta;
- ukuguqulwa kwezitsha ezinkulu;
- i-stenosis ye-aortic aorta;
- iziphambeko zokujikeleza kwamapulmasi evamile.
Ukwelashwa kwe-CHD ezinganeni
Ukuphumelela kokwelashwa kwe-CHD ezinganeni kuxhomeke ekufinyeleleni kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, uma kutholakala iphutha ngisho nangesikhathi sokuxilongwa ngaphambi kokubeletha, umama wesikhathi esizayo ungaphansi kokuqondiswa okujulile kochwepheshe, uthatha imithi yokusekela inhliziyo yengane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulokhu, batusa isigaba se-caesarean ukuze ugweme ukuzivocavoca.
Kuze kube manje, kunezinketho ezimbili zokwelapha lesi sifo, ukhetho luxhomeke kulohlobo nobunzima besifo:
- ukungenelela kwe-intravascular ngosizo lwama-occluders, ama-catheters, amabhaluni namanye amadivayisi angalungisa ukukhubazeka futhi abuyisele ukujikeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile;
- ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile ukuqeda i-UPU - kuze kube yamuva, indlela yokwelashwa kuphela.