Injabulo yezinsuku zokuqala zokuvela emndenini wengane iyancipha, lapho abazali bezwa ukuhlushwa okunjalo njengesifo senhliziyo esilaphayo. Ngokwezibalo, cishe i-1% yezingane izalwa nalesi sifo esibi. Isifo senhliziyo esibulalayo sinesici esenzeka esakhiweni senhliziyo noma emikhulu yegazi, ekhona kusukela ekuzalweni.
Izimbangela zesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa
Ukubonakala kwalesi siphambeko kubangelwa ukukhubazeka kokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine. Isifo senhliziyo sitholakala ku-trimester yokuqala (kusukela emavikini amabili kuya kwangu-8 okukhulelwa), lapho ukubeka zonke izitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo zombungu. Izimo ezimbi ezibangela ekubunjweni kwesifo senhliziyo zihlanganisa:
ukutheleleka kwe-intrauterine (umkhuhlane, i-rubella, i-herpes, i-cytomegalovirus);- ukuphuza utshwala esikhathini sokuqala sokukhulelwa;
- ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ngumama ozayo onomphumela we-teratogenic;
- izakhi zofuzo;
- izifo ze-endocrine zomama;
- ubudala bobabili abazali.
Izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa
Izimpawu ezicacile kakhulu zalesi siphambeko, okokuqala, i-cyanosis yesikhumba namagqabunga e-mucous - okuthiwa i-cyanosis. Iningi lezinyawo "eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" noxantathu lwama-nasolabial. Izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni ezisuka kuzalwa zibonakaliswa unomphela noma i-paroxysmal yokuhluleka kwenhliziyo njengesethi esibi sesisindo, ubuthakathaka, i-dyspnea, ukuvuvukala. Ingane enalesi sifo icela kabi futhi ngokushesha ikhathele ekudleni. Esikhathini esizayo, umntwana uzokwehla emva kokuthuthukiswa ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kanye nengxenye yabagulayo. Futhi, nalesi sifo, udokotela wezingane angazwa ukukhononda kwenhliziyo futhi aqaphele ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokushesha kwengane. Uma kukhona ukusola ngesifo senhliziyo esisanda kubantwana, kuxoxisana nodokotela we-cardiologist, okuzoqondisa izifundo ezifana ne-electrocardiogram, i-ultrasound yenhliziyo.
Ukwelashwa kwesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa
Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo esibucayi kuncike ekutheni luhlobo olunzima futhi luhlobo luni. Kukhona izinto okuthiwa "ezimhlophe" ne "blue". Kuyaziwa ukuthi zombili izinhlobo zegazi zigeleza ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo - eziyingozi futhi ezinezinambuzane, kodwa zihlukaniswa amagagasi awavumeli igazi ukuxuba. Ngeziphambeko "ezimhlophe", i-aortic igazi ingena egazini legazi ngenxa yecala le-septum ye-interatrium, i-septum ye-interventricular, noma i-traction yokuvula evulekile. Ngegazi "bleach" enegazi elimhlophe lingena e-aortic. Izinkinga zalolu hlobo zifaka i-Tetrada Fallot, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-septum, ukuguqulwa kwezitsha eziyinhloko. Kukhona nezinsalela ze-ejection ye-ventricular - i-stenosis ye-trum pulmonary, i-aortic stenosis ne-aortic aorta. Ngesifo senhliziyo ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto ezimbi ngaphandle kwenqubo yokuhlinza ziholela emphumela wokubulala. Ngakho-ke, abazali bayelulekwa ukuba babonise ingane hhayi kuphela ku-cardiologist, kodwa nakudokotela ohlinzayo wezinhliziyo. Izindlela zokwelapha njengokwelashwa okuyinhloko ziyinqaba kakhulu. Ngosizo lwabo kunokunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwesifo-ukuhlaselwa kwe-dyspnea, i-arrhythmia. Ngezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo, kwanele ukugcina, ngoba inhliziyo yengane ingakhula yedwa.
Kuncike kakhulu kubazali bomntwana. Uma isifo senhliziyo somntwana osanda kuzalwa sisadingeka kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuhamba nengane emoyeni oshaya, sithukuthele, zama ukuvikela ezifweni kanye nemithwalo. Kunconywa ukwandisa inani lokudla ngenkathi kunciphisa inani lobisi lokusetshenziswa.
Ingane enesifo senhliziyo yesifo socansi kufanele ibhaliswe ne-cardiologist kanye nodokotela wezingane zesifunda. I-cardiologist ihlola ingane ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu bese iyithumela ku-ECG njalo emva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Uma uphendukela kudokotela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungaphilisa isifo senhliziyo. Bazali, banakekele imvuthuluka yenu!