Lapho ingane iphenduka izinyanga ezingu-8 ubudala, abazali baqaphela izinguquko eziningi - kokubili ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Nakuba ingane ngayinye ikhula ngokuvumelana nesimiso sakhe somuntu ngamunye, kunemigomo ethile ejwayelekile mayelana nemigomo yokukhula nokuzuza kwesisindo, amakhono nokubonakaliswa kwengqondo-ngokomzwelo.
Ingane eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala - isisindo nokuphakama
Imingcele ebalulekile njengoba ukuphakama nesisindo somntwana, ezinyangeni ezingu-8, seyanda kakade ngokushesha kakhulu njengengxenye yokuqala yonyaka. Kwaphela inyanga, izinsana zalesikhathi zithola isisindo esingaba ngu-300-600 g, kanti ubude bomzimba bukhuphuka ngo-1.5-2 cm. Ukuncipha okuncane kwezinguquko kulezi zinkomba kubangelwa ukuthi ngalesi sigaba umsebenzi oyinhloko womzimba wengane ukwakhiwa kwamakhono angokwenyama, umsebenzi. Cabanga ukuthi ingane kufanele isilinganise kangakanani ezinyangeni ezingu-8, ngokusho kweWorld Health Organization:
- abafana - cishe 8.6 kg (inzuzo yesisindo kusukela ekuzalweni okungaba ngu-5.3 kg);
- amantombazane - 8 kg (ukwanda kusuka ekuzalweni kuyinto 4.8 kg).
Ngokuqondene nokukhula, kodwa izindinganiso ezijwayelekile zimi kanje:
- abafana - 70.6 cm (inzuzo kusukela ekuzaleni ingaba ngu-20.7 cm);
- ngamantombazane - 68.8 cm (inzuzo kusukela ekuzalweni - 19.6 cm).
Ukudla komntwana ezinyangeni ezingu-8
Abazali kufanele bahlele ngendlela efanele ukudla kwengane ezinyangeni ezingu-8, ngoba ubisi lwebele noma ingxube eguquguqukayo iyakwazi ukumboza izidingo zomzimba wengane ekutholeni izingxenye ezibalulekile zomsoco. Ingane ezinyangeni ezingu-8 kufanele ithole ukudla okuhlukahlukene , kufaka phakathi umuntu ongakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokudla ngokuqina okunamandla kakhulu, ngezibani ezincane, ukudla okuqinile kanye nezitsha ezihlukahlukene. Ukubeletha nobisi lwebele noma okunye okuqhubekayo kuqhubeka.
Kunconywa ukuba ukondle intombazana encane etafuleni, ehlezi esihlalweni esiphezulu. Ezandleni zakhe, udinga ukunikeza i-spoon, okwamanje ingadlala indima engokomfanekiso ekwakheni amakhono okuzenzela. Ngakho-ke omdala kufanele athole ingane ngesinye isipuni. Kufanele kufundiswe ukusebenzisa ingane ukuphuza indebe, okusiza ukusekela omunye wabazali.
Ukubeletha ezinyangeni ezingu-8
Uma i-lactation yomama ihamba kahle, ukudla komntwana ezinyangeni ezingu-8 kumele kufaka ubisi lwebele , ngoba umzimba omncane usuyothola leli ketshezi eliyigugu isikhathi eside, kungcono impilo - ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ochwepheshe bezingane zanamuhla bayeluleka, uma kungenzeka, ukuqhubeka nokuncelisa ingane eyodwa kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, kufaka phakathi nobisi obonisiwe, uma umama weza ezosebenza.
Ngokuvamile, uma uneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, shiya ukudla kokubili nobisi lomama - ekuseni emva kokuvuka futhi kusihlwa ngaphambi kokulala ebusuku, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umntwana udla ukudla "omdala". Ngesikhathi esifanayo emini nasebusuku, abantwana bangasetshenziswa esifubeni ngokufunwa. Uma i-lactation imisiwe, udinga ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho ukusetshenziswa kwenhlanganisela yokufakelwa.
Ukudla ezinyangeni ezingu-8
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi sokuphila kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ukudla okuthathu okuhambisanayo phakathi nosuku nge-periodicity cishe amahora amane. Ukucabangela ukondla ngesifuba noma ingxube, ukunikezwa kwesikhathi esisihlanu kuhlinzekwa. Ingqikithi yokudla idliwe cishe i-1 litre. Kubalulekile manje ukujwayela umntwana ngendlela evamile yokukhetha okuningi - ukudla kwasekuseni, kwasemini, isidlo sakusihlwa, nangokwesidlo sasekuseni, ngokwezifiso ukunikeza iphalishi, nokudla kwasemini - izitsha zamanzi. Esikhathini esizayo, ngenxa yalo mntwana kuzoba lula ukuzivumelanisa nokudla enkulisa.
Ake sibhale ukuthi yini ongayidla ingane ezinyangeni ezingu-8, yikuphi ukudla okumelwe anikezwe:
- iphariji , ephekwe emanzini, ubisi noma ingxube (ibhakede, i-oatmeal, irayisi, ummbila, ibhali, isifuba);
- imifino (izaqathe, amazambane, ukholifulawa, broccoli, ithanga, zucchini);
- izithelo (apula, eliphakathi kwe, ubhanana, i-peach, i-apricot, iplamu);
- amajikijolo (okusajingijolo, i-currant emnyama);
- imikhiqizo yobisi omuncu (i-cottage cheese, i-kefir, i- yoghurt );
- ibhotela namafutha yemifino;
- i-egg yolk;
- imikhiqizo ebhakabhaka (isinkwa sikakolweni, ama-crackers, ama-biscuits, omiswe);
- inyama (turkey, inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, inyama yenogwaja);
- inhlanzi (emanzini namanzi ahlanzekile, ngempela amafutha aphansi);
- by-imikhiqizo (isibindi, ulimi, inhliziyo).
Kuye ngosuku lokuqala lwesidlo sokuqala esihambisana nalesi sikhathi, imikhiqizo emisha yabantwana ingaba:
- isikhuphaphu;
- i-kefir;
- i-yoghurt;
- by-imikhiqizo;
- inhlanzi;
- inyama.
Ukubeletha, osevele unezinyo, kufanele ukuthi uqale ukuthuthukisa ukudla okungekho homogenized futhi ufunde ukuhlafuna. Imikhiqizo kufanele ixoxwe ngemfoloko, igayiwe ngesihlungo esikhulu.
Imenyu yokubeletha yenyanga eneminyaka engu-8 ubudala
Cabanga ukuthi izitsha zingafaka yini imenyu yosuku lomntwana ezinyangeni ezingu-8:
- Isidlo sasekuseni sokuqala ngu-06: 00-07: 00: ubisi lwebele.
- Isidlo sasekuseni sesibili - ngo-10: 00-11: 00: iphalenda, ibhotela, izithelo ze-fruite, imikhiqizo yobisi omuncu, ijusi, i-compote, i-mors.
- Isidlo -14: 00-15: 00: isobho semifino, i-puree yemifino, inyama ehlanzekile, inhlanzi, i-offal, i-yolk, isinkwa, amafutha omifino, i-compote.
- Idla - 18: 00-19: 00: i-curd, i-yogurt, i-yoghurt, isithelo se-puree, isinkwa, ama-biscuits, ama-biscuits.
- Ukudla ngaphambi kokulala - 22: 00-23: 00: ubisi lwebele.
Imenyu yokuzalwa yenyanga eneminyaka engu-8 ekudleni okufakelwayo
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhanga ezinyangeni eziyi-8 zokuncelisa akufani neze nokudla okufakelwayo, ngakho-ke kwimenyu engenhla yosuku, ungakwazi ukumane ubeke esikhundleni sokudla kokuqala nokugcina ngenhlanganisela. Ukwenza kube lula kumama ukuzijwayela kunokuba ukondle ingane yakhe ukudla kwasekuseni, kwasemini, isidlo sakusihlwa ngesonto, sizokwenza imenyu cishe yengane ezinyangeni ezingu-8 ngokudla okufakelwayo noma kwemvelo.
Usuku lwesonto | Ukudla kwasekuseni | Ukudla | Dinner |
NgoMsombuluko | i-oatmeal porridge ene-apula, i-carrot juice | Amazambane amazambane aphethwe ngamazambane namafutha yemifino, i-turkey puree, izithelo nama-berry compote | i-cottage shizi, amazambane ahlambulukile, ama-croutons |
NgoLwesibili | ibhuloho lezinhlayiyana ngebhotela, i-compote, i-cracker | isobho semifino, isinkwa se-steamed, isinkwa, i-juice juice | i-kefir, i-banana-apple sauce, amabhisikidi |
| NgoLwesithathu | Ummbila wesikhumba onobhotela, i-peach puree | i-pure kusuka kukholifulawa kanye ne-broccoli, unogwaja obilisiwe womhlabathi, i-compote | i-cottage shizi ne-raspberries, i-yoghurt, isomisa |
NgoLwesine | i-rice porridge nge ithanga, i-apula ijusi | isobho namazambane, izaqathe nezikhupha, inyama yezinkukhu ezivela enkukhu, i-pear juice | i-cottage shizi, i-plum puree, amabhisikidi |
NgoLwesihlanu | i-millet porridge ne-bhotela, i-apula ebhaka, i-kefir | inhlanzi yezinhlanzi nemifino, isikwashi, isanqante puree, i-berry compote | i-pear-apple sauce, i-rusks |
NgoMgqibelo | i-cottage shizi ne-banana kanye ne-peach, i-yoghurt, ama-biscuits | isobho nge-yenkomo namazambane, ukholifulawa obilisiwe, ijusi ka-berry | kefir, isanqante-apula puree, ukomisa |
NgeSonto | i-phalgi ye-buckwheat ne-bhotela, i-apple-ithanga juice | amazambane ahlambulukile emnkantsheni wemifino, amazambane kanye ne-broccoli ene-foppered esibindiwe ebilisiwe, i-compote | i-cottage ushizi, ama-biscuits, i-apricot-apple sauce |
Umbuso wezingane ezinyangeni ezingu-8
Lapho ingane iphenduka izinyanga ezingu-8 ubudala, umsebenzi wakhe womzimba nomphakathi uyanda ngokuphawulekayo, ngakho-ke lesi sikhathi singabizwa ngokuthi ukuguqula ingane futhi kunzima kakhulu kubazali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imvuthuluka iba mnandi kakhulu ekukhulumisaneni, futhi isikhathi esengeziwe singanikezela kulokhu, ngoba isikhathi sokuvuka siyakhula. Ingakanani ingane elele ezinyangeni ezingu-8 yikhombisi ngayinye, kodwa ngokuvamile izingane ziphumula kabili ngosuku ngamahora angu-1.5-2. Ubusuku bokulala buqinile, ngaphandle kokuvuka, cishe amahora angu-8.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuka, okwenza amahora angu-5-6, nomntwana okufanele uhambe emgwaqeni, ukudlala imidlalo yokuthuthukisa, futhi uxoxe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinyangeni ezingu-8 ingane idinga ukuvivinya umzimba nsuku zonke ukuqinisa umzimba we-muscular ngaphambi kokuqaphela ikhono lokuhamba ngokusekela, ekuthuthukiseni ukuhambelana nokuhamba kahle namakhono amakhono okuhamba. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukugeza konke kusihlwa, izinqubo zokuhlanzeka.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwengane ezinyangeni ezingu-8
Yini okufanele ingane ikwazi ukuyenza ezinyangeni ezingu-8, yiziphi izici ezingokwengqondo nezomzimba ezibusa kule minyaka:
- ngokuzethemba ehlezi ngaphandle kokusekelwa, efinyelela ithoyizi esikhundleni sokuhlala;
- uhlezi phansi kusuka esimweni esivamile;
- iphuma emilenzeni, ibambelele ekusekeleni;
- ikhuphuka ngamandla kuzo zonke ezine;
- kuthatha amathoyizi, ukushintshwa kwesandla ngesandla, izifundo, izifundo esikhathini eside;
- imizuzu engu-10-15 ngokuzimela ngokudlala ngamathoyizi;
- amagama ecacile nangencazelo ecacile, ukhuluma amagama angama-monosyllabic;
- ibonisa izinto okubizwa ngabantu abadala;
- iziphuzo ezivela emgodini, ophethwe ngumuntu omdala, obambe ngezibambo zakhe;
- uhlukanisa "wakhe" no "abangabazi", ubonisa uthando ngabazali nokusondelana nabangaphandle;
- ubonisa isithakazelo kwezinye izingane;
- uziqaphela yena nabathandekayo esithombeni.
Ingane ayihlali ezinyangeni ezingu-8 ubudala
Uma ingane ingahlali yedwa ezinyangeni ezingu-8, lokhu akubonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba kanye nanoma yiziphi izifo. Lokhu kungaba yisici somntwana futhi kungenzeka ukuthi omunye wabazali bakhe naye waqala ukuhlala, ame, ahambe. Kulokhu, noma kunjalo, udokotela wezingane kanye ne-neurologist kufanele aboniswe ukuthi, uma kunesidingo, uzobe ebeka umuthi wokuqinisa, ukuvivinya umzimba okhethekile, izinqubo ze-physiotherapy.
Ingane ayikhahlezi ezinyangeni ezingu-8 ubudala
Njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi ingane ikwazi ukufika ezinyangeni ezingu-8 ngendlela evamile, ukungakwazi ingane ukukhanda kule minyaka kuyabethusa kakhulu abazali. Mhlawumbe, eqinisweni, asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka, kepha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kufanele uxhumane nochwepheshe. Ezinye izingane zivele zeqa lesi sigaba bese ziqala ukuhamba eduze konyaka, izinsana ezingaphambi kwesikhathi zivame ukuqala izinyanga ezingu-10-11.
Indlela yokuthuthukisa ingane ezinyangeni ezingu-8?
Abazali kufanele bazi indlela yokuthuthukisa umntwana ezinyangeni ezingu-8 ukuthuthukisa amakhono akhe, ukuthuthukisa okusha, ukusiza ukulungisa ubuntu. Ingane ezinyangeni ezingu-8 kuyadingeka ukuba ihlale ihlinzeka ngolwazi olusha, oluthatha ngokuthakazelisayo futhi luthatha. Khumbula ukuthi kule minyaka, izingane zikopisha izenzo namazwi abazali, ngakho-ke kudingeka uhlole konke okushoyo nokwenzayo.
Amathoyizi wezingane ezinyangeni ezingu-8
Ingane enezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye enenjabulo nenzuzo iyodlala ngamathoyizi anjalo:
- amabhola we-rabra wezinhlobo ezahlukene;
- isando esinabantu abakhulu;
- ipiramidi encane enezindandatho;
- amapiramidi-izinkomishi;
- izincwadi ezithambile;
- i-sorters elula enezimbobo ezinkulu;
- ibhokisi lepulasitiki elibala, lapho ungafaka khona amathoyizi ahlukene;
- izikhwama zezicubu ezinezitshalo ezahlukene.
- izinsimbi zomculo ezilula - amadubhu, imicibisholo, izikhibhodi, izinsimbi;
- ukukhuluma amathoyizi;
- amadonsa nezimoto.
Amakilasi izingane izingane ezingu-8
Ngaphezu kwamakilasi ngokuthuthukisa amathoyizi, ukufunda izincwadi, izingoma zokucula, le midlalo nezingane ziyasiza ezinyangeni ezingu-8:
- ladushki;
- fihla-futhi-funa (isibonelo, ukuphonsa ingane, bese ufika phezu kwakho nge-handkerchief elula, i-diaper);
- "Khulisa ithoyizi" - ukufaka ithoyizi ethile ekubhentsheni, ukugubha iphepha, ukumema ingane ukuba ivule;
- "Ngizobamba, ngibambe!" - ukukhwabanisa ukukhwabanisa ingane enomkhuhlane, kumenza ahambe ngokushesha;
- "Khombisa ukuthi" kuphi - ukubuza umkhumbi, umcele ukuthi akhombise izingxenye zobuso, izinto egumbini, amathoyizi, eqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwezenzo zakhe ngegama elithi "yeqiniso".