Isizathu sokuthola izifo eziningi ukuhlolwa kwegazi. Inesibonakaliso eziningi ezahlukene: kungukuqukethwe kwegazi kwe-hemoglobin, i-erythrocytes, amaplatelet nama-leukocyte, nesilinganiso se-erythrocyte sedimentation, kanye ne-leukocyte formula. Ukuncintisana ngokucacile ukuhlaziywa, ukucabangela zonke izinhlayiya, kungaba kuphela ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe, ngoba ngokwabo lezi zinkomba azikwazi ukukusho futhi kuphela ekuhlolweni kwegazi okuyinkimbinkimbi zinganikeza umfanekiso ophelele wesimo sezempilo sesiguli.
Enye yezinkomba ezibalulekile yilona okuqukethwe egazini lama-lymphocyte - amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Lolu hlobo lwe-leukocyte lubophezele ukuqaphela izidumbu zangaphandle emzimbeni womuntu kanye nokwakhiwa kwesimo esithile sokuzivikela nge-immune kulokhu kuvusa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-lymphocytes iyingxenye ebalulekile yamasosha omzimba: alwa nama-agent "angaphandle" ezingeni lamaselula, azidela ngokwabo ukuze alondoloze umzimba, futhi anesibopho sokukhiqiza ama-antibodies. Ama-lymphocyte akhiqizwa kokubili ngomnkantso wesithambo nangama-lymph nodes.
Umkhuba we-lymphocytes egazini lomntwana
Kubantu abadala kanye nezingane, umkhuba we-lymphocytes uhlukile kakhulu. Uma kubantu abadala, iphesenti lama-lymphocytes kwisisindo esiphelele se-leukocyte cishe singama-34-38%, ingane encane, ingxenye enkulu yamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe: 31% ngonyaka, iminyaka engu-4 50%, iminyaka engu-6 - 42% futhi eminyakeni eyishumi - 38%.
Ukungafani nalesi simo kuyisonto lokuqala lokuphila kwengane, lapho inani lama-lymphocytes lingama-22-25%. Khona-ke, ngokuvamile ngosuku lwesine emva kokuzalwa, landa ngokuphawulekayo futhi kancane kancane liqala ukunciphisa ngobudala, kancane kancane. Njenganoma imuphi umkhuba, okuqukethwe kwe-lymphocytes egazini yisikhathi esihambisanayo. Kungashintsha ngandlela-thile, ngokuya ngezifo ezikhona kanye nezinqubo zokuvuvukala ezenzeka emzimbeni wengane. Inani le-lymphocytes lihlobene ngqo nomsebenzi wesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba: ngokuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwama-antibodies, inani labo liyanda ngokushesha (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-lymphocytosis), kwezinye izimo kunganciphisa kakhulu (lymphopenia).
Ukuhambisana noma ukungahambisani nemikhuba ye-lymphocyte okuqukethwe kunqunywa ukuhlaziywa kwegazi ngefomula ye-leukocyte ethuthukile.
Amazinga okukhula kwama-lymphocytes ezinganeni
Uma ukuhlaziywa kubonisa ukwanda kwezinga lama-lymphocytes egazini enganeni, lokhu kungabonisa izifo ezihlukahlukene, okuphakathi kwazo okulandelayo okulandelayo:
- "Ubuntwana" izifo ezithathelwanayo: i-pertussis, isishukela, inkukhu yenkukhu, izimpethu;
- izifo ezingathí sina futhi eziyingozi: i-typhus, i-toxoplasmosis, i-hepatitis yegciwane, isifo sofuba;
- isikhathi sokuthola ingane ngemuva kwesifo esithathelwanayo esiyingozi;
- izifo zesimiso se-endocrine.
Uma inombolo enkulu kakhulu ye-lymphocyte e-atypical ibonakala egazini lomntwana, leli qiniso cishe libonisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-mononucleosis esithathelwanayo, isifo esiyingozi se-virus esitholakala ezinganeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa ye-lymphocytosis, inani lama-leukocyte egazini liyakhula, futhi i-lymphocyte ye-atypical ngokwayo, ishintsha, ifana kakhulu ne-monocytes.
Futhi uma i-lymphocytes enganeni iyancishiswa?
I-Lymphopenia ivame ukuvela ngenxa yokungavamile kokukhiqizwa kwama-lymphocytes ngomzimba (isibonelo, ezifweni ezithinta izifo zomzimba). Uma kungenjalo, ukwehla kwenani lama-lymphocytes kungumphumela wezifo ezithathelwanayo ezihambisana nokuvuvukala. Kulesi simo, kukhona ukuphuma kwe-lymphocytes ezivela emithanjeni yegazi kuya ezithombeni nezicubu ezigulayo. Izibonelo ezicacile kakhulu zezifo ezinjalo ziyi-AIDS, isifo sofuba, izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla kwamathambo e-lymphocytes kujwayelekile kubantu ababhekene nemishanguzo noma i-chemotherapy, bethatha ukwelashwa kwe-corticosteroid nge-Ishchenko-Cushing syndrome. Ukwehliswa kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kungenzeka ngisho nangenkinga yokucindezeleka okukhulu.