Izithelo ezihlabayo azigcini nje kuphela ukuvuna amajikijolo amnandi, kodwa futhi zikhonza njengomhlobiso wensimu. Kunezindlela eziningana zokusakaza i-gooseberries, enezintandokazi zazo futhi kufanele ilandelwe ukuze kutholakale imiphumela. Ungayisebenzisa noma nini, ngaphandle kwasebusika.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza ugqumugqumu
Kunezinketho eziningana, ukuthi ungathola kanjani isihlahla esisha sezithelo, futhi okuhle kunazo zonke kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-cuttings. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ugqumugqumu okulungile wokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu eziveza ukuthi "zihlanzekile" zifanelekile. Ukuthola ukuthi ungasakaza kanjani isihlahla se-gooseberries, kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhetha amasiko ngaphandle kwezifo nezinambuzane.
Indlela yokusakaza i-gooseberries cuttings?
Ukuze kugcinwe futhi kwandiswe inani labantu abatshala, ochwepheshe batusa ukukhetha lokhu okuhlukile kokukhiqiza. Kunezindlela ezintathu, ezifanele ukusetshenziswa:
- Ngosizo lwe-cuttings eluhlaza. Le ndlela ifanele entwasahlobo (eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi). Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokushisa eziluhlaza yizinto ezilandelayo: izinga lokushisa lomoya + 25 ° C nomhlaba + 18 ° C nomswakama 90%. Amahlumela amancane angathathwa emahlathini angakhuli kuneminyaka emine ubudala. Kusukela ku-cuttings khipha wonke amaqabunga ngaphandle kwama-top amathathu, wenze isotshi ezinsoweni, futhi engxenyeni engezansi uhlolisise eceleni kwesitshalo bese uwabeka emanzini amahora ayisithupha. Ukusabalalisa i-cuttings ye-cuttings kufanele itshalwe endaweni yokushisa.
- Ngosizo lwezicuthelisi ezilayishiwe. Lokhu okuhlukile kokuzalanisa kungasetshenziswa kakhulu ekwindla. Lungisa ama-cuttings ngesikhuni esishisayo, okufanele sibe nobude obufinyelela ku-25 cm. Ukuqoqa ndawonye esitokisini bese ufaka emgodini ojulile we-15 cm. Kubalulekile ukutshala ama-cuttingtings nge-tip. Ukutshala kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngqimba lomhlabathi ovundile, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokumboza ngefilimu. Entwasahlobo, ukufakelwa kwenzelwa emhlabathini ovulekile, kuyadingeka ukuthi uyenze lapho uhamba khona, ushiye izinso ezimbili. Phakathi kwe-cuttings kufanele kube ibanga lika-10 cm.
- Ngosizo lwezicuthe ezihlanganisiwe. Uma unesithakazelo sokusakaza kanjani i- gooseberries yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene , kungcono ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo. Ngokujoyina ndawonye ama-cuttings aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-lignified, uwafake emgodini owodwa. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngoJulayi. Uma befinyelela ukuphakama kwama-50 cm, izitshalo kudingeka zihlukaniswe.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ugqumugqumu ngamatshe
Ukwandisa inani lezitshalo zezithelo, ungasebenzisa umhlabathi ohlangothini lwezitshalo, okungagxila. Uma unesithakazelo sokusakaza kanjani i-gooseberries ngezingqimba, ungasebenzisa izinketho ezintathu:
- I-Horizontal. Ngo-Okthoba, khetha amagatsha amaningana kusukela ngonyaka owodwa kuya eminyakeni emithathu ubudala. Nquma ukukhula okuncane ngo-1/3 neziqongweni ezivela kubo. Ngaphansi kwehlathi ugobe izimbobo, ubeke amagatsha alungiselelwe kuwo, uzilungise ngeziqu futhi uzigcwalise ngomhlaba. Uma izimpande zivela futhi ukuphakama kwazo kufinyelela ku-8-10 cm, kubalulekile ukuchitha ukuphakama. Qaphela isimo somhlabathi kulo lonke ihlobo. Ngo-Septhemba, udinga ukukhipha izitimela, unqume igatsha eliphakathi bese ulisika. Gcina izithombo emiphongolweni.
- Ama-Arcs. Ukuthola ukuthi ungasakaza kanjani ugqumugqumu ngamatshe, kufanelekile ukuphawula enye inketho ethandwayo, okudingeka ukuthi usebenzise amahlumela, unyaka onyaka. Baqala ukunciphisa, bese begoba ngesimo se-arc bese behlala emigodini elungiselelwe. Ukuze ulungise, sebenzisa iziqu. Okuphezulu ngenhlabathi ye-humus, okwenza amagquma amancane phezulu. Kubalulekile ukuguqula njalo bese uphuza amanzi. Ekwindla, thola izendlalelo ezivela ehlathini, zivule bese uziphonsa endaweni oyifunayo.
- I-vertical. Kubalulekile ukusika phansi ingxenye yamagatsha amakhulu, eshiya imfucuza kuphela, ekhonjiswa yiziqu ezihluthulelwe kahle. Ubukhulu bawo kufanele bube ngu-5-10 cm. Izwe elizungezile kubalulekile ukukhululeka nokuphucula njalo. Lapho ukuphakama kwamahlumela kungama-10-12 cm, i-hilling yokuqala yenziwa, futhi emavikini angu-2-3 - okwesibili. Ekwindla izendlalelo zihlukaniswa nesihlahla esikhulu futhi zikhulile unyaka, bese zitshala endaweni ehlala njalo.
Kungcono nini ukusakaza i-gooseberries?
Lo mbuzo ubuzwe ngabalimi abaningi, ngoba isikhathi sokutshala sithembele ukuthi ngabe isitshalo esisha siyosiqothula kanjani, ukuthi sizokhula ngokushesha kangakanani futhi lapho sizothatha izimpande. Ukukhiqizwa kwezihlahla zokupheka ugqumugqumu kungcono kakhulu okwenziwe entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, lapho izithombo zihluma kahle, futhi isitshalo esiyinhloko asibheki ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Ezinye izindlela zingasetshenziswa ehlobo, okubaluleke kakhulu, hhayi ngesikhathi se-fruiting.
Ukukhiqiza ugqumugqumu entwasahlobo
Ngaphandle kokuhluka okukhulunywe ngenhla, kungenzeka entwasahlobo ukuthi isebenzise futhi isakazwe ngokuxhunyelelwa, lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthola isihlahla sesitshalo. Kunezigaba eziyisisekelo zokusakaza i-gooseberries entwasahlobo:
- Kubalulekile ukulungisa ngaphambi kokucubungula, ukuhlenga izihlahla ezinomshini ngonyaka ngaphambi kokugoma. Lungiselela ama-cuttings kunconywa kusuka ekwindla bese uwagcina esiteji esingaphansi.
- Uma ukukhiqizwa kwe-gooseberries entwasahlobo akusiwo ama-cuttings, kodwa ngokuxhunyelelwa, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuqaphela ukuthi ukhulelwe entwasahlobo. Ukugonywa kwenziwa ohlangothini noma esigabeni eseceleni.
- Kubalulekile ukuthi i-graft kanye ne-rootstock ye-thickness ihambisane. Ngemuva kwe-inoculation ngaphambi kokunamathela, ama-cuttings agcinwa ekushiseni kwe-18-23 ° C, bese-ke kufanele afakwe egumbini elipholile ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ukukhiqiza ugqumugqumu ehlobo
Esikhathini esishisayo sokwenza izimo ezihle ukuthola izithelo ezintsha, akulula, kodwa kungenzeka. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bakholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukukhiqiza i-gooseberries ene-cuttings eluhlaza ehlobo. Le ndlela inamathuba amaningi okuphumelela. Ungasebenzisa izindlela ezisebenzayo zokusetshenziswa kwezendlalelo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthobisa umhlaba kahle eshisayo.
Ukukhiqiza ugqumugqumu ekwindla
Ngaphezu kokuhluka okukhulunywe ngenhla, ukuphindaphinda ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlanga kungasetshenziselwa ukwandisa inani lezithelo ezihlahla. Ngemuva kokuba wonke amaqabunga ewile phansi, kubalulekile ukumba isihlahla esidala bese uhlukanisa zibe izingxenye eziningana, ukuze ngamunye abe nezimpande zawo kanye namahlumela amancane. Ngenxa yalokho, kutholakala izithombo ezintsha. Ukukhiqiza okunjalo kwe-gooseberries kungenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
I-Gooseberries - ukunakekelwa ngemva kokuzalana
Ngemuva kokutshala izithombo ezintsha, kubalulekile ukugcina imithetho eminingana:
- Awukwazi ukubekezelela ukumile komhlaba, ngakho-ke kufanele ukuphuza izitshalo njalo, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ungadluli.
- Ngemuva kokusabalalisa kwe-gooseberries, ukutshala nokunakekela kusho ukulawula phezu kombuso womhlaba. Kumele kube okuxekethile, okubalulekile ekuhlinzekeni kwe-oxygen. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhlanza ukhula namashebhu.