Kusukela ukutadisha umbuzo wokutshala iklabishi endaweni evulekile, umuntu kumele aqonde ukuthi kunezici eziningi ezithinta kakhulu ukuvunwa kwalesi sitshalo. Ngaphandle kokunisela, ukufaka umanyolo, ukulawula okwesikhashana ukhula nezinambuzane, inamba enhle yezinhloko zempahla ayitholakali kusayithi.
Kanjani kahle ukutshala iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile?
Ngaphambi kokuba wazi kangcono izindlela zokuxazulula le nkinga, ungatshala kanjani iklabishi, udinga ukuthenga, noma wena ngokwakho ukhule isithombo esihle sokuvuleka. Izinhlobo nezinhlamvu zihlukaniswe ukuvuthwa kanye nenhloso yesithelo. Amakhanda okuqala anabantu abancane, badla ngamasaladi nakwezinye izitsha kuphela ehlobo. Izinhlobonhlobo eziphakathi zinezinto eziningi ezihlukahlukene, zingagcinwa isikhathi esifushane ekwindla, kanti iklabishi yasebusika enezinwele ezinamahloni yiyona eyigugu kakhulu, iyakwazi ukuqamba amanga kuze kube entwasahlobo.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zeklabishi:
- Iklabishi elimhlophe yisitshalo esidala semifino esidala, esilungele ukulungiselela iziqu eziningi, sinenani elikhulu lokudla okunomsoco nokudla.
- Iklabishi elibomvu - ngendlela yekhanda elibukeka njengezinhlobo ezimhlophe, kodwa linombala we-violet-bluish. Inhloso eyinhloko - ama-saladi, ama-side dish, ukukhetha.
- Iklabishi yeSavoy - ibeka amakhanda aphikisiwe ngamaqabunga adicikile, aphelele ama saladi. Iyaziwa ngokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-vitamin D, iron ne-calcium, kodwa ayigcinwa kahle efomu elisha.
- Ukholifulawa - luyakha ama-inflorescences athakazelisayo ombala wekhilimu, enenani eliphezulu lokudla okunomsoco. Kufaneleka isobho, ukudla okuthosiwe, i-casseroles.
- I-Broccoli - inokufana kakhulu ne-cauliflower, kodwa i-inflorescence yayo inemibala eluhlaza, ukunambitha okufana ne-asparagus.
- I-Kohlrabi - ihluke kakhulu ngaphandle kwababengaphambi kwayo, yenza i-stalk eyinyumba, ukunambitha njengesiqu sezinhlobonhlobo ezimhlophe. Eyaziwa ngokuba yi-kohlrabi izimfanelo eziningi zokudla, kuwusizo ekucindezelweni okukhulu, ukuqina kwegazi, izifo zamalungu angaphakathi, kusetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ama-saladi kanye nama-garnishes.
Indlela yokutshala iklabishi ezitshalweni ezivulekile?
Ekuxazululeni inkinga yokutshala izithombo zeklabishi kubalulekile ukukhula izithombo ezigcwele zalesi siko. Kubalulekile ukubala ukuthi ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwezithombo endaweni enomphela emhlabathini ovulekile basebeneminyaka engaba ngu-50 ubudala. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso, ukuhluma kokuhluma kusuka enzalweni kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-10-12. Ngokuba ama-broccoli, ama-savoy ne-Brussels amahlumela, iminyaka yobudala ivumelekile ukuba ibe ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-35-45.
Ukukhetha izindlela zokutshala iklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile, ungasebenzisa indlela ngokukhetha , okukhiqizwa amasonto amabili emva kokuvela kwezithombo. Izithombo ezitsheni zomuntu ngamunye zikhiqiza inamandla, enezimpande ezingcono, ukubonakala kwe-squat. Ubukhulu bebhodini buxhomeke ezinhlobonhlobo, kubalulekile ukusebenza ngomthamo we-6x6 cm kuya ku-8x8 cm Ngaphandle kokukhetha, iklabishi ikhulile kumathebulethi anempilo eyenziwe nge-peat, amakhasethi noma amakhredithi ayi-7-10 cm high. Imbewu encane ihlwanyelwa egumbini, isuse ihlumela elibuthakathaka.
Ngesikhathi uhlanganyela ekutshaleni iklabishi ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile, qaphela ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, gwema abandulela ngezitshalo ze-cruciferous. Izithombo zingcwatshwe emhlabathini kuze kube yiziqabunga zokuqala zalezi zitshalo, inhlabathi ihlanganiswa ngokucophelela, ihlanganiswe futhi iphuziswa. Esikhathini sokuqala, ukuvikela kusuka kubanda, basebenzisa ifilimu ne- agglomerate emibhedeni.
Indlela yokutshala iklabishi endaweni evulekile nembewu?
Akubona bonke abalimi abangakhula izithombo zezitshalo. Indlela eshibhile, kodwa engavamile njalo ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo emhlabathini. Izinto ezithengiwe zingasetshenziswa i-disinfected ngehora lehora ngama-manganese, zilungiselela isisombululo esibomvu esimnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho ekuxazululeni inkinga, indlela yokutshala iklabishi enhlabathini ngembewu, ulungise imibhede, ubeke izidleke ezingajulile, ungeze inhlabathi. Imbewu ifakwe emhlabathini ngo-2 cm, ukulahlwa kokuqala kwezithombo ezimbi kuveza esigabeni samaqabunga amathathu, amahlamvu angu-6 okugcina. Phakathi kwezitshalo ezindala shiya isikhala kuze kube ngu-70 cm.
Kuphi ibanga kufanele iklabishi itshalwe?
Uhlelo olukhethiwe lokutshala iklabishi endaweni evulekile kufanele luhambisane namandla okukhula kwezitshalo. Esigabeni esinyanyisiwe, ngeke bathole inani elifanele lokushisa kwelanga nokukhanya. Izinhlobo ezindala zidinga isikhala esiningi, njengamahlumela amakhulu aseBrussels. Isikhala esincane sokuphila udinga i-broccoli ne-cauliflower. AmaLunks enza ubungako bokuncipha okuncane futhi obujulile kunomkhawulo wesistimu yezimpande.
Amaqhinga alinganiselwayo wokutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene zeklabishi:
- ekuqaleni kokumhlophe - 30x40 cm,
- ephakathi okuvuthiwe ezimhlophe-ehlolwe - 50x60 cm,
- sekwephuzile elimhlophe-eliyi-60х70 cm,
- umbala - 25x50 cm,
- i-broccoli - 35x50 cm,
- Savoy - 40x60 cm,
- I-Brussels - 60x70 cm.
Iklabishi - isikhathi sokutshala emhlabathini
Ngesikhathi sokutshala emhlabathini, izithombo ezikhulile kahle zinamaqabunga angama-7, zifinyelela ku-20 cm ubude. Emabhizinisini, indlela yokutshala iklabishi endaweni evulekile, indima ebalulekile idlala ngokuhlanza izitshalo, okukhiqizwa ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa eliphakathi kuya ku-8 ° C. Njengoba kufika ukushisa okuqhubekayo, izithombo azihlanganiswa ebusuku. Ukutshala izithombo zeklabishi ezindaweni ezihlukene zezulu zenziwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene. I-Ukraine neNingizimu yaseRussia, izinhlobo zokuqala zingatshala kusukela ngo-Ephreli 25, ngasekupheleni-kusukela ngoMeyi 10. Sizama ukuqedela yonke imisebenzi yokutshala ngaphambi kokuqala kukaJuni.
Kukuphi ukutshala iklabishi kusayithi?
Ngokuvamile abavakasha balahlekile embuzweni wokuthi bangatshala iklabishi, benze amaphutha amaningi, futhi baqede izivuno ezimbi. Izandulela ezihle kakhulu emhlabathini ovulekile wale nsimu kukhona izinhlobo eziningi zokusanhlamvu, izitshalo zezimpande, ama-bulbous, ubhontshisi, ukhukhamba. Kuyinto engathandeki ukusebenzisa indawo eyodwa iminyaka eminingana elandelanayo bese ubuyela kwangaphambilini esikhathini esingaphansi kwezingu-4. Khetha indawo evulekile, evulekile futhi ekhanyisiwe. Iklabishi idinga amanzi, kodwa inhlabathi ehlale imanzi ngokuntuleka kwe-oksijeni ivame ukuholela kubhaktheriya.
Kuhlobo luni lomhlabathi okutshala iklabishi?
Kuhle kakhulu kulesi siko se-chernozem, i-sod-podzolic ne-gray ehlathini eliqhekekile. I-asidi enhle yezwe kusayithi ngu 6.7-7.4 pH. Ukukhetha indawo okungcono ukutshala iklabishi, silungiselela insimu enhlabathini evulekile yonyaka. Ungenza amabhakede owodwa nengxenye ka-peregremshego humus ngayinye imitha yendawo yesayithi. Emhlabathini sinezela ekupheni izinkezo ezimbili ze-superphosphate kanye ne-spoonful of fertilizer potassium.
Yini engingayitshala eceleni kweklabishi?
Lesi sitshalo sinobungane nezitshalo eziningi zensimu, ngakho-ke umbuzo wokutshala eduze kweklabishi ensimini uxazululwa kalula. Ungakwazi ukubeka ngokuphepha endaweni eseduze nemibhede yeklabishi ngobhontshisi, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi nesaladi, inobungane nazo zonke izinhlobo zemifino, u-anyanisi nama-beet. Amakhemikhali anobuncuzelayo ayesabisa izinambuzane, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka endaweni yakhe nge-dill, sage, basil, mint, marigold kanye ne-marigold. Akunconywa eduze neklabishi ukutshala i-fennel, amagilebhisi, utamatisi, i-parsley ne-celery.
Ukunakekela iklabishi ngemuva kokutshala?
Njengoba ususebenzise indlela yokutshala kahle iklabishi kahle, kudingeka uqaphele ukunakekela izitshalo endaweni evulekile. Imisebenzi esemqoka yokulima ingaba - ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukususa ukhula, ukuchelela nokudla. Ungalokothi ukhohlwe mayelana nokulwa nezilokazane nezifo ezilindele ukutshala imifino ezweni.
Izifo eziyinhloko nezinambuzane zeklabishi :
- umlenze omnyama,
- I-keel yeklabishi,
- isikhutha samanga,
- i-fusariosis,
- i-mosaic,
- iklabishi aphid,
- iklabishi fly,
- i-cruciferous flea,
- butterfly iklabishi,
- iklabishi igwevu.
Ngokumelene neklabishi, ama-aphid nama-fleas asiza ukwelashwa kwesisombululo se-soapy, isifiso samaqabunga ngomlotha. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okukhulu, baphathwa ngezidakamizwa i-Aktara, i-Karate, i-Piretrum, i-Carbofos, i-Fufanon nezinye izinambuzane. Izinambuzane ezihlala enhlabathini zixoshwa izindlela eziphumelelayo uMkhoed, Medetoks, Zemlin. I-Scoop ibhujiswe yizicupho, kunciphise inani lezimvemvane. Ngokumelene ne-fungus kusiza i-Bordeaux liquid 1%, imibhede endaweni evulekile ephathwe izidakamizwa Topsin-M, Benomil, Agat-25, Immunocytophyte.
Iklabishi ngemuva kokutshala - ukuchelela
Ukuchelela, amanzi okushisa ama-18-23 ° C angcono kakhulu. Uma kungabikho uhlelo lokunisela, kuphakanyiswa ukuba ukondle umsele emithonjeni. Uma utshala iklabishi ezweni, ungathelela emhlabathini ovulekile ngaphansi kwesitshalo ebhakedeni lamanzi. Khumbula, ukuchelela okuningi emva kokushisa okuqhubekayo kubangela ukuqubuka kwemifino. Iklabishi eliqine kakhulu idinga amanzi ngokushesha emva kokutshala, ngesikhathi sokukhula okuqinile kwamaqabunga nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhanda.
Ukondla iklabishi ngemuva kokutshala
Abaqashi bokuqala banesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi yini ongayifaka emgodini ngemuva kokutshala iklabishi ukwandisa isivuno semifino. Ukufaka umquba wokuqala kuqala ngemuva kwamasonto amabili emva kokutshala izithombo ngamanyolo alungile, isisombululo sika-0.5 litre saltpeter noma isisombululo se-Mullein (5: 1). Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-15-20, sisiza izitshalo ensimini ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa kwe-organic or mineral, ukuxuba i-nitrate ne-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate ngesilinganiso se-1: 2: 1. Ngesithathu abadla iklabishi ngesigamu senyanga. Ungakwazi ukuxuba i-superphosphate ne-potassium phosphate (2: 1), ufafaze inhlabathi eduze kwehlathini nge-ash ash.