Uyazi ukuthi uhlobo luni lwezemidlalo lubonakala njengendlovukazi yezemidlalo futhi ngani? Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo, umuntu kufanele aphendule emlandweni wezemidlalo - okungenani, lowo obhalwe phansi. Phela, kunezinhlobo zemisebenzi yezemidlalo engazange ilahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwayo iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2000.
Indlovukazi Yezemidlalo - i-athletics
Kwakuyizemidlalo eyanikezwa isimo esinjalo sokuthokozisa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngisho nasezikhathi zasendulo izivivinyo ezifana nalezi zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba amasosha. Ngokuqinisekile uzoyeka ukuzibuza ukuthi kungani abadlali bezindlovu zezemidlalo, uma uyazi ukuthi uyingxenye yohlelo lokuqala lweMidlalo yama-Olimpiki eyayiseGrisi lasendulo ngo-776 BC. Lena imvelo engokwemvelo, yemvelo eyenzelwe nje ukuqinisa umzimba wonke.
Athletics njengemidlalo: umlando wanamuhla
Kule nkathi, ama-athletics nawo angabonakali "umhlanganyeli" wazo zonke izinhlobo zemincintiswano. Ngisho nasemakhulwini angu-18-19, amarekhodi aqakathekile alotshwe emazingeni ahlukene alo mdlalo. Kukholelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ukuqala kwemincintiswano yanamuhla emncintiswaneni obekwe ngo-1837 ezikoleni ezehlukene eNgilandi. Kamuva baxhaswa ngokugijima amabanga amancane, bephonsa i-nucleus, bagxuma ubude, begijima nezithiyo, behamba nokuningi.
Ngo-1865 inhloko-dolobha yase-England i-London Athletic Club yasungulwa, ngenxa yokuthi yiziphi izithandwa ezithandwa kakhulu futhi zithandwa kakhulu. Lo mphumela wenziwa ngokubukeka kwe-Amateur Athletic Association, ehlanganisa zonke izinhlangano ezincane zaleli zwe.
I-athletics eyengeziwe, indlovukazi yemidlalo, ifikile eU.SA. I-Athletic Club yahlelwa ngo-1868 eNew York. Ngemva kwalokho, "imfashini" yama-athletics yafika kwamanye amazwe amaningi, lapho izinhlangano nezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zaqala ukwakha. Kusukela ngo-1896, lapho iMidlalo yama-Olimpiki ivuselelwa khona, ukulandelana kwezemidlalo kanye nenkundla kwanda kakhulu - ngemva kwakho konke, ukukhumbula ama-Olympiads yokuqala, abahleli bahola kulo mdlalo omusha womncintiswano.
ERussia ukulandelela-kanye-field athletics kwaqala ukusakazeka kusukela 1888, lapho iqembu lokuqala yezemidlalo ekugijimeni kubonakala eduze Petersburg. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ithrekhi nomdlalo wezemidlalo azikhohliwe futhi sekulokhu kuluhlu lwemikhakha yemidlalo ehloniphekile.
INdlovukazi yezemidlalo namuhla
Ngokwesiko, ama-athletics afaka ukugijima, ukuhamba, ukugxuma nokuphonsa, okuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo:
- izinhlobo ezigijima;
- ukuhamba kwezemidlalo;
- izinhlobo zobuchwepheshe (ukuxuma nokuphonsa);
- konke-nxazonke;
- igijima (isebenza emgwaqweni omkhulu);
- izwe elihamba phambili ligijima.
Njengomphumela womncintiswano, onqobayo ukhethwe, okungaba ngumdlali noma iqembu elibonisa umphumela omuhle kakhulu
Ngendlela, abagijimi nabagijimi bangaqala amageyimu kusukela eminyakeni yobudala - iminyaka emi-5-6. Ngaphambili ingane iqala ukuhlanganyela kulo mdlalo, cishe ukuthi iyophumelela kuyo.
Lona mhlawumbe umdlalo othandwa kakhulu - namuhla amageyimu adumile phakathi kwamantombazane naphakathi kwamantombazane. I-International Association of Athletics Federations, esebenza kusukela ngo-1912, ihlanganisa izinhlangano ezingaphezu kuka-200 zamazwe.