Isimo sezingane ezisanda kuzalwa sihlolwe odokotela kusukela emaminithi wokuqala okuphila kwabo. Kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi kuningi kangakanani ukunakwa okuvela kubasebenzi abazoyidingayo. I-criteria yokuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kwezintathu yisisindo nokuphakama kwengane, kanye nama-Apgar scores. Kungenxa yokugcina esizoyitshela, ukuchaza ukuthi amaphuzu atholakele nokuthi yini imali ekhombisa ngayo.
Iyini isilinganiso se-Apgar?
Uhlelo lwe-Apgar lwasungulwa ngo-1952. Imikhakha yokuhlola isimo samantombazane esikhaleni yaphakanyiswa nguVirginia Apgar, isazi sezinzwa ze-anesthesiologist yaseMelika. Okuyinhloko yukuthi emaminithini okuqala neminyaka emihlanu yokuphila, odokotela bahlola isimo somntwana ngezizathu ezinhlanu. Ngamunye wabo wabelwa amaphuzu athile - kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-2.
I-Apgar criteria yokukala
Amaphuzu aphambili wokuhlola kwe-Apgar yi:
- umbala wesikhumba;
- ukuphefumula;
- isilinganiso senhliziyo;
- i-muscle ithoni;
- ukucabanga.
Umbala wesikhumba. Isikhumba somntwana sinombala ojwayelekile kusuka ebomvu ophuzi kuze kube pink pink. Lo mbala kulinganiselwa kumaphoyinti angu-2. Uma izimbambo nemilenze zinama-bluish, odokotela babeka iphuzu elilodwa, futhi banesikhumba esicukile nesicyanotic - amaphuzu angu-0.
Ukuphefumula. Imvamisa yokuphefumula kosana ijwayele ukulinganiswa esikalini se-Apgar ngamaphoyinti amabili. Njengomthetho, kungu-45 ukuphefumula / ukuphuma kwamaminithi ngomzuzu, ngenkathi umntwana ekhala ngekhanda. Uma ukuphefumula kuphakathi, kulukhuni, futhi ukukhala okubelethwe kahle, iphuzu eli-1 lifakwe kuso. Akukona iphuzu elilodwa elongezwa kuzo zonke izinkomba zokungabikho kokuphefumula nokuthula kwengane.
Inhliziyo. Ngokusho kwetafula lika-Apgar, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo ngaphezu kwezingu-100 ngomzuzu kulinganiselwa kumaphoyinti amabili. Isigqi esingaphansi sithatha iphuzu elilodwa, futhi ukungabi khona kwenhliziyo kwenhliziyo kubonakala ochwepheshe ngamaphoyinti angu-0.
I-muscle ithoni. Ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, ithoni yemisipha ye-flexor yanda ngenxa yesimo esikhethekile phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kwe-intrauterine. Baxosha izikhali zabo nemilenze, ukunyakaza kwabo akuhambisani. Lokhu kuziphatha kulinganiselwa kumaphoyinti angu-2. Izinsana, ezinokuhamba okuncane okungekho ezinamandla, zithola amaphuzu angu-1 we-Apgar.
I-Reflexes. Ingane kusukela ekuzalweni ineqoqo elithile lezindinganiso ezingenakunqunywa, ezibandakanya
Iyini inkulumo ye-Apgar?
Amaphuzu abelwe ingane, empeleni, umphumela wokuhlolwa okuzithobayo futhi angeke ahlulelwe ngokwethembeka esimweni sempilo yengane. Ukubaluleka kwabo ngokwezinga lika-Apgar ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe usana olusha luyadinga ukuvuselelwa noma ukubhekwa ngokucophelela kwempilo yakhe ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila.