Abaningi banakekele izakhiwo eziphahleni, bakhumbuza indlu encane. Lezi okuthiwa ama-dormer amawindi. Kodwa igama labo elingavamile alihlangene nokulalela. Bathola igama labo kusukela esibonelweni somholi weqembu labathimba be-Slukhov, abaqala ukwakha phezu kophahla lwesakhiwo esikhulu esakhiwe ukuze bagubha ngo-1817 ukunqoba empini neNapoleon. (Ngendlela, lesi sakhiwo sikhona kuze kube manje - yilokho okuyaziwa kakhulu iMoscow). Ngesikhathi sokuqeda umsebenzi kwakukhona izinkinga ngezigxobo zokhuni zesakhiwo - baqala ukugoba futhi baqede. I-artel yaqagela ukuthi amafasitela anjalo ayadingeka ukuze adlulise isiteji sakhiwo kanye nenkululeko yokuhambisa umoya. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amafasitela anjalo ayaziwa ngokuthi i-Sukhov (ama-auditory kamuva), namakhodi wokwakha futhi njengamanje ancoma ukuthi uphahla lwakhiwe noma yiliphi isakhiwo liba nefasitela le-dormer.
Izinhlobo zamawindi we-dormer
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amafasitela e-dormer e-attic aqala ukusetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa amakamelo e-attic, ukufinyelela ophahleni, futhi aphumelele ukuhlanganisa umthwalo osebenzayo nokuhlobisa okuthile. Ngokwezici zayo zokuklama (ikakhulukazi ifomu), amawindi ama-dormer angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo eziningana. Uhlobo lokuqala lufaka amafasitela wendabuko angama-dormer ayizintathu.
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Bese ulandela i-conical ne-rectangular. Ngokusho kohlobo lwephahla, amafasitela okuhlola (ama-attic) angabuye abe ne-panoramic (anephahla lwama-trapezoidal), enophahla kanye nophahla noma uphahla lwe-hip. I-practical and most commonly mounted iwindi lokuhlola elingaba yi-gable, elingaba li-triangular noma lelingxenyeni (mhlawumbe lendawo).
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Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze wenze isakhiwo sihlobise ngokwengeziwe, singakhiwa phezu kophahla lwe-arched (noma izinyathelo ezinama-windows) ama-dormer amawindi, okuthiwa "i-bat." Amafasitela angekho ngaphansi kokuhlobisa futhi okuzungezile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ophahleni, i-angle of incline incane, njengomthetho, amafasitela e-dormer ahlukene ahlanganisiwe.
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Amagama ambalwa mayelana nokusebenza kwamafasitela e-dormer. Amawindi ama-dormer enza ngendlela efanayo (ngokwezinto zokwakha) njengamafasitela esakhiweni. Uma kufakwe amawindi enziwe ngamapulangwe, iwindi le-dormer lenziwe ngokhuni.
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Njengokuzikhethela - amafasitela ezenziwe ngensimbi-plastic. Uma kwenzeka imisebenzi yefasitela ye-dormer iyancishiswa ukuze ikhanyise isikhala semidlalo ye-attic, ingaba yi-glazed. Kodwa ukuze usebenze ngokuphumelelayo komsebenzi wokungena umoya, kutuswa ukufaka amawindi we-louvered dormer.
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Izibani ezikhanyayo ze-Mansard
Amawindi ama-dormer aqondile ayebhekwa ngenhla. Kukhona olunye uhlobo lwamafasitela anjalo, ngezinye izikhathi okubhekwa njengoluhlobo oluhlukile. Lezi zibani ezikhanyayo noma ezincane. Isici sabo futhi umehluko omkhulu ukuthi zifakwe ngendlela efana nokwenza indiza eyodwa nophahla. Ukuze kube lula ukusebenza, amafasitela e-attic ahlinzekwa ngekhethelo, ama-frictional, ama-loops. Ukusebenzisa kwabo kukuvumela ukuba ulungise isashi lewindi kunoma yisiphi isikhundla esikahle, ngenkathi uvimbela ukuvala okuzenzakalelayo. Kulesi simo, ifreyimu ngokwayo (iqabunga) lijikeleza njengalokhu kuluhlu olunjalo (i-angle of rotation engu-180 °). Ngenxa yemibandela ekhethekile yokusebenza, amafasitela ophahleni anesayizi esilinganiselwe (indawo yonke ayikho ngaphezu kuka-1.4 sq. M. Uma kudingekile ukufaka amafasitela endaweni enkulu bahlangene ngamarandi akhethekile emaqenjini) kanye nokuqina okuqinile kohlaka.
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