Izinkathazo yiqembu lezidakamizwa ezikwazi ukondla ngokususa nokukhipha emathangeni omzimba ezinhlobonhlobo izinto eziyingozi (ama-slags, amakhemikhali, ama-gas, ama-salts ezinsimbi ezisindayo, imithi, ama-microorganisms, izifo, ama-radiosotopes, okudlulele kwemikhiqizo yemetaboli, njll).
Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kweziphukuphuku:
- ukutheleleka kwamathumbu emathunjini;
- ubuthi obunzima bomzimba;
- ukwelashwa;
- isifo sobindi nesifo sezinso;
- izifo zesigcawu sesisu;
- ukwephulwa kwe-lipid metabolism;
- ukuvimbela isifo sobuthakathaka nesifo senhliziyo.
Izinhlobo zamathambo
Izidakamizwa zokukhwabanisa, kuye ngokuthi imvelaphi nendlela yokusebenza, ingahlukaniswa zibe yizilwane.
Ion exchange sorbents
Izinhlayiyana ezihlukahlukene zemvelaphi yemvelo noma yokwenziwa, ukubopha i-ion ye-toxin nokudala nazo ezintsha, ezingenabungozi, izinhlanganisela. Ngaphansi kwethonya lalezi zidakamizwa, izinqubo ze-metabolic ziyasebenza, zonke izinhlelo nezinhlaka ziyasebenza.
Ukukhwabanisa kwe-Carbon
Ama-sorbents athandwa kakhulu, adalwe ngesisekelo samakhahle agciniwe futhi acwebezelayo, kanye nama-carbon fibre materials. Benza njengesiponji: badla izinto ezinobuthi, bavimbele ukungena kwabo egazini.
Imivalo yemvelaphi yemvelo
Izithutha zemvelo, ezihlaba izinto ezilimazayo ebusweni bawo. Lokhu kufaka:
- i-pectin;
- i-cellulose;
- umugqa;
- chitin;
- i-cellulose, njll.
Amanye ama-sorbents
Zonke ezinye, izintatheli ezithandwa kakhulu, ngayinye ehlukile ekuthatha izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni. Lokhu kufaka:
- i-zeolite;
- ubumba;
- ama-silika gels, njll.
Izifiso zokudla ubuthi
Ngokuvamile ama-sorbents amukela ezinhlobonhlobo zobuthi: ukushisa ngamakhemikhali, ukudla, imithi, ukudakwa ngokweqile njll. Ngokuphuza utshwala noma kokudla, ungasebenzisa ngokuphelele noma iyiphi i-sorbent. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke ama-sorbents angashintshashintsha, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokufaka isicelo kumuthi owodwa, ungasebenzisa enye inqubo elandelayo, uma kuqala kuqala. Uma izidakamizwa zokudla ezinobuthi zivame ukuthathwa ngaphambi kokungabikho kwesitoreji amahora angu-12, kanye nezidakamizwa - kuze kuphele izimpawu.
Uhlu lwama-sorbents
Ukukhishwa kwezidakamizwa kukhishwa ngezindlela zamathebulethi, ama-granules, ama-pastes, izixazululo, njll. Nasi uhlu lwamaconsi athandwa kakhulu kanye nencazelo emfushane.
Faka i-Enterosgel
Into esebenzayo yalokhu kulungiselelwa i-methylsilicic acid. Umuthi uyakwazi ukubopha nokukhipha ubuthi, izifo, ukuguqula izinqubo zokugaya, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwesibindi, amathumbu nezinso. Izinkomba eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa yizo:
- izifo zesifo sofuba ezithathelwanayo;
- ukudakwa;
- ukwelashwa;
- i-dysbiosis;
- i-dyspepsia;
- isifo sohudo nokunye.
Lolu hlobo lwe-sorbent lubhekwa njengelinye lamahle kunazo zonke ezinobuthi.
Isebenze ikhoni
Isidakamizwa esinamandla okukhwabanisa, sidonsa izinto ezinobuthi, izidakamizwa, usawoti wezinsimbi ezisindayo, i-alkaloids ne-glycosides. Lolu hlobo lwe-sorbent lunikezwa uma:
- ukudakwa;
- inhlamba;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- flatulence ;
- i-dyspepsia;
- i-salmonellosis;
- izifo ezinobuthi nabanye.
Polyphepane
Isidakamizwa, into esebenzayo ye-lignin hydrolyzed. Isusa amabhaktheriya nama-toxin, ama-salts asindayo, ama-allergen, ama-poison, kanye nokudla ngokweqile kwemikhiqizo ethile ye-bilirubin, i-cholesterol, njll. Ncoma i-Polyphepanum ku-:
- izidakamizwa ezingapheli;
- ukutheleleka komgudu wamathumbu;
- ukwelashwa;
- ukwephulwa kwezinqubo zokusebenzisa umzimba, njll.
I-Polysorb
I-sorbent esekelwe isililika ehlakazeka kakhulu, esusa ama-allergen, amakhemikhali amancane, amachiza, ama-antigens, izinsawoti ezinamandla zensimbi, njll. Izinkomba zokusetshenziswa kwazo ziyi:
- i-hepatitis;
- izifo ezinzima zamathumbu;
- i-toxicosis yabesifazane abakhulelwe;
- ukwelashwa;
- ukuphefumula kwegazi, njll.
Smecta
Ukulungiselela imvelaphi yemvelo, into eyinhloko
- i-pathogenic microorganisms (ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise isimo se microflora ewusizo);
- ubuthi;
- i-poisons;
- ama-radionuclides;
- igesi;
- izindleko zokudla, njll njll.