I-syndrome ye-immunodeficiency etholakale ibangelwa ukutheleleka nge-HIV, engangena emzimbeni ngegazi elithathelwanayo (i-blood, i-lymph, i-sperm) ngezocansi ezingaphephile noma ukuxhashazwa ngezinsimbi zokwelapha ezingekho oyinyumba.
Ukutheleleka nge-HIV kubonakala kanjani?
I-immunodeficiency virus ine-incubation period ehlala amasonto amathathu kuya kwangu-6. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, ku-50-70% wamacala, isigaba esibucayi se-febrile siqala, okuhambisana nalokhu:
- ukushisa okuphezulu (kaningi hhayi okungaphezu kwama-37.5 ° C);
- ubuhlungu emqaleni;
- ubuhlungu emajoyini, imisipha;
- ikhanda;
- ukulala, ukushaywa komzimba, ukulahlekelwa ukudla;
- ukwandisa i-lymph nodes;
- isicanucanu, isisu, ukuhlanza;
- izikhukhula zesikhumba, izilonda ze-mucosa;
- serous meningitis (okungajwayelekile kakhulu).
Ngeshwa, kulula ukudidisa ukushisa okuvamile kanye nezimpawu zokuqala ze-HIV, ezizibonakalisa ngokungafani futhi ziphele amasonto amabili (isikhathi esingakanani esithatha isigaba se-febrile sizoyithatha, sincike esimweni sokuzivikela kwesiguli).
Ezingamaphesenti angu-10, ukutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kwenzeka ngesivinini somlilo, ngakho-ke, i-AIDS ibonakala ngokushesha kakhulu - njengomthetho, ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa emva kokutheleleka, isimo sesiguli siwohloka ngokushesha.
Isikhathi esingavamile
Isigaba esiphezulu se-febrile sishintshwa yisikhathi esingenakuqhathaniswa lapho isiguli esinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza sizizwa siphelele ngokuphelele. Igcina isilinganiso seminyaka engu-10-15.
Ku-30-50% yeziguli, isigaba sokukhubazeka senziwa ngokushesha ngemva kwesikhathi sokukhushulwa.
Ukungabikho kwezimpawu kwenza kube lula ukuphila ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, uma isiguli singasazi ngesimo sakhe se-HIV futhi singalandeli izinga le-CD-4 lymphocytes, lesi sikhathi sokungazi singadlala ihlaya elinonya.
Inkambo yokutheleleka nge-HIV
Phakathi nenkathi yokungasebenzi, inani le-CD4 lymphocyte liyehla kancane. Uma okuqukethwe kwabo kufika 200 / μl, bakhuluma nge-immunodeficiency. Umzimba uqala ukuhlasela ama-infathogens of infections okuyizinkathazo (ngokwemvelo i-pathogenic flora), engasongelwa umuntu onempilo futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ahlala emanzini nasemathunjini.
Izinga lokunciphisa inani lama-CD4 T lymphocyte njalo likhona futhi lixhomeke emsebenzini wegciwane. Ukuze unqume ukuthi yisiphi isandulela ngculaza nokuthi isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuba i-AIDS iqhubekele, ukuhlaziywa kuvumela wonke umuntu ogulayo ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza (isimo somzimba wokuzivikela) ukuba atholakale njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu no-6.
Ifomu lokuqala le-AIDS
Isandulela ngculazi njengesigaba esithuthukile se-HIV sibonakala kubesilisa nabesilisa ngezindlela ezimbili.
Ngefomu lokuqala, ukulahlekelwa isisindo kungaphansi kuka-10% we-mass initial. Kunezilonda zesikhumba ezibangelwa isikhunta, amagciwane, amabhaktheriya:
- i-candidiasis stomatitis - i-thrush yesigxobo somlomo;
- izibhamu - iziqhwaga nama-vesicles ikakhulukazi esihlahleni;
- i-leukoplakia enomunwe emlonyeni - ama-plaque nemifantu emhlophe emaceleni olimi;
- i-herpes ejwayelekile.
Esikhathini sokuqala, i-AIDS ibonakala, njengomthetho, futhi isimo sokuphindaphindiwe kwe-otitis (ukuvuvukala kwezindlebe), i-pharyngitis (ukuvuvukala kwodonga olungemuva komphimbo) nesinitis (ukuvuvukala kwesono sempumu). Njengenkambo ye-AIDS, lezi zifo zanda futhi zihlala zingapheli.
Ifomu elikhulu le-AIDS
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esigabeni sesibili kungaphezu kwezingu-10% zobuningi. Izimpawu ezingenhla zifakiwe:
- isifo sohudo kanye / noma umkhuhlane isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa;
- isifo sofuba;
- i-toxoplasmosis;
- i-helminthiasis yamathumbu;
- Sarcoma Kaposi;
- i-pneumocystis pneumonia;
- i-lymphomas.