Ama-erythrocyte anesibopho sezinga le-oksijini egazini kanye nenani le-hemoglobin. Lapho izinga lama-erythrocyte lihla kakhulu, ama-reticulocyte aqhutshwa ngamandla emnothweni wethambo. Lawa maseli ezinsukwini ezimbalwa aphenduka amangqamuzana egazi abomvu aphelele futhi akwazi ukukhokhela ngokugcwele ukulahlekelwa okuvele kuvele. Iyini isimiso se-reticulocytes, futhi yini ingashintsha ngobuningi bawo, sizoxoxa namhlanje.
Iyini isimiso se-reticulocytes egazini?
Okuqukethwe kwe-reticulocytes egazini kungahluka ngezizathu eziningi. Ngokuvamile, zibandakanya izinqubo ze-pathological ezihlobene nokulahlekelwa kwegazi nokucindezelwa kwezinso kanye nomnkantsha wamathambo. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuguqulwa kwama-reticulocytes abe yi-erythrocytes kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya le-erythropoietin, i-hormone ekhishwe yi-adrenals nezinso. Umkhuba we-reticulocyte unqunywa ngamapm ngokuphathelene nenani legazi futhi phakathi kwezinye izinto kungabonisa ukuntuleka kwaleli hormone. Ukwanda kwe-erythropoietin kubonisa ukuthi i-oksijeni yindlala, izimbangela zalesi simo zihlukile:
- ukubhujiswa ngokushesha kwama-erythrocyte ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwamakhemikhali okuvela ngaphandle;
- ukubhujiswa kwama-erythrocyte ngenxa yemisebenzi yamakhemikhali yenyama;
- ukulahlekelwa kwegazi elikhulu;
- ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula;
- ukuqhuma, noma ukuvinjelwa kwemithambo emikhulu.
Umkhuba wama-reticulocytes abesifazane nabesilisa uhluka kakhulu. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokukhulelwa, abafana namantombazane balingana, kodwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha, abesifazane balahlekelwa igazi eliningi lokuya esikhathini, futhi endaweni kanye namaseli abomvu, ngakho-ke i-reticulocyte ibalwa ngokushintshashintsha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, nansi umkhuba we-reticulocytes ngamaphesenti wezinhlobo ezahlukene zeziguli ezihlukahlukene:
- izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa - 0.15-1.5%;
- Iviki lokuphila eli-2-6 - 0.45-2.1;
- Iviki 8-12 lokuphila - 0,25-0,9%;
- Izinyanga ezingu-6 - iminyaka eyi-1.5 - 0.2-1%;
- Iminyaka eyi-1,5 -2 - 0,2-0,7%;
- kusukela eminyakeni emibili kuya kwengu-6 - 0.2-0.8%;
- kusukela eminyakeni engu-6 kuya kwengu-13 - 0.2-1.3%;
- amantombazane angaphezu kweminyaka engu-13 nabantu abadala - 0.12-2.05%;
- abafana abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-13 namadoda - 0,24-1,7%.
Uma inani le-reuculocytes livamile, lokhu akusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi umzimba unempilo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphindaphindiwe kuphela kungakuqinisekisa ukungabikho kwe-pathologies. Hlela izinga lama-reticulocytes ngegazi elisuswa emthanjeni. Izingane ezincane kakhulu zingasebenzisa igazi le-capillary ngale njongo.
Yini engaba ukuphambuka kwama-reticulocytes avela evamile ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi?
Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele kubonisa ukuthi ama-reticulocytes angaphansi kwejwayelekile, lokhu kungabonisa izinguquko ezinjalo ekusebenzeni komzimba:
- zonke izinhlobo zesifo sezinso;
- umonakalo emnothweni wethambo;
- ukuchithwa kwezitho ngenxa yelinye lama-erythropoiesis okuhlala unomphela (ukubhujiswa kwama-erythrocyte nesidingo sokukhiqizwa kwawo okuthuthukisiwe);
- i-aplastic insemia ;
- i-hypemlastic anemia;
- ukwehluleka kwesifo somuntu;
- igazi kanye nezifo ze-hemopoietic;
- izifo ezingokwemvelo nge-metastasis ezakhiweni zethambo;
- ukudakwa ngokweqile.
Izinga eliphakeme lama-reticulocytes liphakamisa ukuthi kwakukhona ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwinani lamaseli abomvu wegazi futhi umzimba wenzakala ngayo ngokwanele - ngokwanda
- ukuphumelela kwe-anti-anemia therapy;
- ukuphuma kwegazi okwakamuva;
- ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwama-erythrocyte;
- i-malaria ;
- I-Thalassemia nezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezichaphazela i-hemoglobin ne-erythrocyte;
- izifo eziphilayo ezilimaza umonakalo wamathambo.
Isizathu esiqondile sokushintsha kwezinga lama-reticulocytes singasungulwa ngokutadisha ngokucophelela wonke umlando.