I-edema yepulmonary yisimo esinamandla sokuguliswa kwamanzi lapho umthamo uhlangana khona ezindaweni zokuphazamiseka kwamapayipi kanye ne-alveoli ngaphandle kwemithambo yegazi ye-pulmonary, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwamaphaphu aphelelwe amandla. Kuyenzeka uma, endaweni yomoya, amaphaphu aqala ukugcwalisa nge-serous fluid, ephuma emithini. Lokhu kungenxa yokucindezela ngokweqile emithanjeni yegazi, ukungabi namaprotheni egazini, noma ukungakwazi ukugcina amanzi e-plasma.
Izimpawu ze-asthma ye-cardiac ne-edema ye-pulmona
Okubalulekile ukungafani kwemibonakaliso ye-interstitial pulmonary edema ne-alveolar pulmonary edema, ebonakala njengezigaba ezimbili zenqubo yokwelapha.
Njengoba i-edema ye-pulmary interstitial, ehambisana nezimpawu zesifo sofuba senhliziyo, uketshezi kungena kuzo zonke izicubu zamaphaphu. Lokhu kuvimbela kakhulu izimo zokushintshaniswa kwe-oksijeni ne-carbon dioxide emkhatsini womoya we-alveoli negazi, kubangela ukwanda kwamanqamuzana, amavulumu nama-bronchial resistance. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma ye-cardia (i-edema ye-pulmary intermedial) kwenzeka kaningi ebusuku noma kusengaphambili. Isiguli sisukuma ngenxa yokuntula umoya, sithatha isikhundla sokuphoqeleka, sijabule, siyesaba. Kubonakala ukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela kwe-paroxysmal, i-cyanosis yezindebe nezipikili, ukupholisa izitho, ukunyuka kwengcindezi yegazi, i-tachycardia. Isikhathi sokuhlaselwa okunjalo sisuka kumaminithi ambalwa kuya emahoreni amaningana.
Ukuthuthukiswa okulandelayo kwalolu hlelo, oluhambisana nokungena kwe-fluid emgodini we-alveoli, kuholela e-alveolar edema yamaphaphu. Leli ketshezi liqala ukubhubhisa into evikelayo, ehlanganisa i-alveoli ngaphakathi, ukuze i-alveoli ithamane ndawonye, igcwele izikhukhula. Kulesi sigaba, amafomu e-protein aqinile, aqala ukuvimba ukukhanya kwe-bronchi, okuholela ekunciphiseni kokuqukethwe kwe-oksijini egazini nase-hypoxia. I-edema yama-alveolar yamapayipi ibonakala ngokungakwazi ukuphefumula okuphefumulayo, i-dyspnea enamandla ngemigqa ehlukile, i-cyanosis, umswakama wesikhumba. Emilonyeni kubonakala sengathi i-foam ene-pink tinge ngenxa yobuningi begazi. Ngokuvamile ukuqaphela iziguli kudidekile, i-coma ingafika.
Amafomu e-edema ye-pulmona
Kuye ngesibangela kanye nemvelaphi, i-edema ye-cardiogenic ne-non-cardiogenic pulmonary iyodwa.
I-edema ye-cardiogenic pulmonary ivela ezifweni zenhliziyo futhi, njengomthetho, iyinto enzima. Kungaba ukubonakaliswa kwesokunxele kwe-ventricular heart in infarction myocardial, cardiomyopathy, ukungasebenzi mitral, isifo senhliziyo aortic, kanye mitral stenosis nezinye izifo. Kulokhu, ukucindezela kwe-hydrostatic ekwandeni kwama-capillary we-pulmonary kuvela ekukhuphukeni kwengcindezi emthonjeni we-pulmonary, okwenza i-edema.
I-edema engeyona-cardiogenic pulmonary ibangelwa ukuphakama kwamapayipi, okuholela ekungeneni kwamanzi emkhathini. Ingahlanganiswa nezinye izimo zomtholampilo:
Kukhona futhi i-edema yamapayipi enobuthi ebangelwa isenzo sezinto ezinobuthi emathangeni amaphaphu. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukuthi lesi simo sibangelwa ubuthi nge nitrogen oxides. Phakathi nenqubo, izigaba eziningana ziyahlukanisa: ukucabanga, isiteji sezinto ezifihliwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwemitholampilo nokuhlanekezela. Esikhathini sokuqala, kukhona ukusabela okubangelwa yi-reflex ngaphansi kwesenzo sezinto: ukucasuka kwamagundane, ukukhwehlela nokuhlungu emehlweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ziyanyamalala, isigaba esivumayo senzeke, sihlala kusuka emahoreni amabili kuya ngosuku. Khona-ke kukhona izibonakaliso ezinjengokuphefumula okwandayo, ukukhwehlela okumanzi nge-wheyzing, cyanosis, tachycardia. Ezimweni ezinomzimba nangokwelapha okufika ngesikhathi ngosuku lwesithathu emva kokushisa, isimo sijwayelekile.