Amangqamuzana egazi akhiqizwa umnkantsha futhi ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu - i-erythrocytes, i-leukocytes nama-platelet. Ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, le ndlela ingaphazanyiswa, okubangela ukuba i-aplastic anemia, lapho zonke izingxenye ezintathu zegazi zingasebenzi noma zikhiqizwe ngokwanele.
I-anemia ye-aplastic - izimbangela
Ngokuvamile lesi sifo sivela ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, ezimweni ezinjalo kuthiwa idiopathic.
Kwezinye izimo, izici ezivusa ukwelashwa komnkantso wamathambo zimi kanje:
- i-irradiation ngezinto ezinomsakazo;
- ukungena kwe-toxin ezinkulu emzimbeni we-toxin (usawoti wezinsimbi ezisindayo, i-arsenic);
- ukufeza;
- ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ukuthatha imithi ethile (i-cytostatics, i-analgesics, izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal anti-inflammatory);
- izifo ezizimele ngokuzenzakalelayo ( isifo sika-Sjogren ).
I-anemia ye-aplastic - izimpawu
Izimpawu zesifo isikhathi eside noma azibonakali, noma ezingabonakali ukuthi azibangeli isizathu sokubiza udokotela.
Izimpawu zingase zivele zingavamile futhi ngeke zihlale isikhathi eside ngokunyuka kancane kancane kokuphindaphindiwe nokwehla kwesimo sesiguli. Njengomthetho, zibhekene nokuntuleka kwegazi:
- ubuthakathaka;
- isikhala sesikhumba;
- ukuphuma kwamagundane, impumulo;
- izinhliziyo zomzimba;
- ama-hematomas amancane, ngokuvamile aphansi;
- ukuphefumula ;
- ukuqhuma kwezifo ezithathelwanayo;
- ikhanda kanye nesiyezi.
I-anemia ye-aplastic - ixilongwa
Ungenza kuphela ukuxilongwa okunembile ngesisekelo semiphumela yokuhlolwa komthambo wamathambo. Isibonelo sakhe sitholakala nge-trepanobiopsy noma i-biopsy. Phakathi nokucwaninga kwamathambo, kunqunywe ukuthi ukubunjwa kwamangqamuzana egazi akuwanele noma ngabe kukhona ukubhujiswa okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, amaplatelet nama-erythrocyte.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-anemia ye-aplastic ihilela ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuzimisela kokuqukethwe ku-fluid yezinto eziphilayo ezintathu.
I-aplastic anemia - ukubikezela
Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma lesi sifo siqhubeka ngesimo esibi, ukugxekwa okungahambi kahle - iziguli zifa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa (3-5) kuphela.
Uma uthola ukwelashwa okufanele, i-aplastic anemia ibuyele: iziguli ezingaphezulu kuka-80% zithola ukuthuthukiswa nokubuyela ekuphileni okuvamile.
I-anemia ye-aplastic - ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kwemithi yokwelashwa kubandakanya ukuphathwa kwesikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa zokuzivikela (i-antimotsitarnogo noma i-antilymfotsitarnogo globulin) kuhlanganiswe ne-cyclosporins. Ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi yalezi zimpawu, ama-hormone e-steroid anqunywa ngokungeziwe (ngokuvamile i-methylprednisolone).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kubalulekile ngezikhathi ezithile ukwenza igazi libuyisele ukwakheka kwalo okujwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izici zokukhula (izici ze-granulocytes-stimulating factors) ezikhuthaza
Ukuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo kanye nezifo ezifiphalayo ezidlula inkinga ye-anemia, prophylaxis nemithi elwa namagciwane kanye namalungiselelo e-fluconazole.
Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokwelapha isifo somswakama we-bone lomnwe kusuka kumnikeli ophilile, mhlawumbe isihlobo esivumelanayo, isibonelo, umzalwane noma udadewabo. I-transplantation isebenza kangcono uma isiguli sisencane futhi singenaso isifo isikhathi eside. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi ezimweni ezingavamile, umzimba uyalahla umnkantsha wamathambo, naphezu kwe-immunomodulating therapy.