Ukushisa isimo esiyingozi kakhulu, ngakho-ke lapho izibonakaliso zokuqala zokudakwa (ukucwenga, ukuhlanza, ikhanda, ubuthakathaka, isifo sohudo, ukulahlekelwa ulwazi), kubalulekile ukubiza udokotela. Ngisho noma ngabe ubuthi obulula, isisulu kufanele sibe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa udokotela okungenani amahora angu-4.
Izimiso ezijwayelekile zokwelapha uketshezi
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo olunobuthi olunobuthi obubangelwa ubuthi, usizo lunikezwa ngokulandelana okulandelayo.
- Buyisela ubuchwepheshe be-airways, ubuyekeze izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo nomfutho wegazi.
- Yenza ukukhishwa kwe-detoxification (ukususwa kwe-toxin).
- Ukungasebenzi kwe-poison kuyenziwa ngosizo lwezinto zokulwa ne-antidote, ezinciphisa isenzo se-toxin.
- Benza ukwelashwa kwe-infusion futhi kuqede izimpawu zobuthi.
- Hlola isidingo sokunakekelwa kwezidakamizwa esibhedlela.
Ukwelashwa kwe-carbon monoxide ubuthi
Usizo lokuqala kumuntu onobuthi ukunikeza ukufinyelela emoyeni omusha. Isisulu kufanele sithathwe emgwaqweni, sihlanze umlomo wehlanza, usebenzisa i-spoon noma iminwe ehlanganiswe nge-gauze. Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-air duct ifakiwe. Ukuze ugweme ukuhlasela okuphindaphindiwe kokuhlanza, i-10 mg ye-metoclopramide ifakwe ngaphakathi kwangaphakathi (i-analogues - cerucal, i-raglan).
Khona-ke ukwelashwa kwe-oksijini kwenziwa - uketshezi lwe-carbon monoxide kuphela uhlobo oluphuthumayo lapho i-oxygen isetshenziswa ngendlela yayo ehlanzekile. Uma isisulu siyazi, sebenzisa i-mask oksijini (10-15 l / iminithi). Uma kwenzeka i-coma, intubation yenziwa nge-ventilation elandelayo yokuphuza amaphaphu nge-100% oksijeni.
Isiguli sigxilwe nge-intravenously ngamaconsi ezinkombululo ze-polyionic (i-cholol, i-quartosol, i-acesol, i-500 ml) noma i-sodium hydrogencarbonate (4%, i-400 ml) ne-hemodez (400 ml). Ukwelashwa kuhlanganiswa ngokuthatha i-ascorbic acid ne-glucose.
Ukwelapha utshwala obutshwala
Uma kwenzeka u-poisoning obukhulu nge-ethanol, isakhiwo esenziwe ngokushesha senziwa:
- ukuhlanzwa komlomo;
- ukufakwa kwe-duct esimweni se-coma;
- i-oxygen inhalation;
- ukuphathwa kwe-subcutaneously atropine (0.1%, 1 ml):
- Ukuphathwa okunamandla kwe-metoclopramide (10 mg).
Ukuxoshwa komzimba ngamachashazi asetshenzisiwe noma ngokugeza isisu akusizi ngalutho, ngoba i-ethanol ixhunyiwe ngokushesha kakhulu.
Utshwala oludakayo lusiza ukuqeda ukwelashwa ngesidakamizwa esikhethekile - i-methadoxil. Iphuthumisa ukuphuma kwe-ethanol ne-acetaldehyde emzimbeni, ukunciphisa imiphumela yabo enobuthi. Faka lesi sidakamizwa u-5-10 ml nge-intramuscularly noma nge-intravenously for 1.5 hours (300-900 mg ehlanjululwe nge-500 ml ye-5% yeglucose noma isisombululo saline). Isisulu sinikezwa amavithamini, silandela i-hemodynamics.
Ukwelashwa kwe-mercury poisoning
I-Mercury ingenye yezinto eziyingozi kakhulu futhi eziyingozi kakhulu. Endabeni yoketshezi nge-mercury vapor noma lapho i-salts ishaya esiswini, kudingekile ukuba esibhedlela. Ngaphambi kokufika kukadokotela, isisulu kufanele siphuze izibuko zamanzi ezimbili kuya kwezingu-3, uhlanze isisu, uthathe amalahle acushiwe. Umlomo kufanele uhlanjululwe ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate.
I-mercury poisoning enomthelela ihlanganisa ukwelashwa nge-antidote unitiol, ephathwa nge-intramuscularly (5 ml, 5%) ngezinsuku ezingu-20. Okunye okunye okunye okuyiwona ongakwenzela i-unithiol kuyinhlanhla ye-mesodimercapto succinic acid - le antidote ayinobuthi obuncane futhi inomphumela ophansi ohlangothini.
Ukuphathwa koketshezi nge-acetic acid
I-essential essence ibangela ukushisa okuqine kakhulu kwe-membrane enamaqabunga, i-edema yesifo, ukuphulwa kwemisebenzi ye-hematopoietic nokuhluleka kwenqunu. Ngenxa ye-edema, ukugcoba esiswini kungenziwa ngaphandle kwehora eli-1 kuya ku-2 emva kwe-acetic acid engena emzimbeni. Ngaphansi kwe-morphine ijojowe ngaphambi kokugeza (1 ml yesisombululo se-1%).
Uketshezi nge-acetic acid kusho ukwelashwa nge-sodium hydrocarbonate (ukuvuza noma ukuphambanisa 600-1000 ml, 4%) ukugcina umchamo we-alkaline nokuvimbela ukwehluleka kwezinso. Ngenxa yokwanda kwegazi, isisulu kumele sijobe i-plasma noma i-plasma-substituting solutions.