Uhlelo lokuthutha eJapane lungenye yezinto ezithuthukisiwe kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngonyaka ukhonza abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100. Namuhla yiyona ehlelekile kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo phakathi kwezifunda eziphambili. Ngenxa yalolu hambo phakathi kwezwe le-Sun Rising kuyinto injabulo enkulu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuthutha ezakhiwa eJapane?
Isiqhingi sase-siqhingi sinezibonelo zamanzi zamanje, umoya kanye nokuthutha komhlaba. Ngenxa yesikhungo sezitimela esithuthukile kanye namakhilomitha angu-1.2 wezigidi zomgwaqo ukuze uthole noma yikuphi ezweni kutholakala kuwo wonke umuntu.
Izitimela zezithombe kanye nemigodi yamanzi eJapane kubangela ukumangala phakathi kwabakhileyo emhlabeni. Kubonakala sengathi le nqubo ivela esikhathini esizayo, kodwa hhayi yangempela. Kulapha ukuthi ungabona izindlela ezintsha zakamuva zesitimela nemishini yamanzi, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlu. Lapho bebona konke lokhu, izivakashi eziningi ziyabuza: yiziphi izinhlobo zokuthutha ezithuthukiswa kakhulu eJapane? Impendulo ilula: ayikho into enjalo.
Kodwa kufanelekile ukuphawula ukuthi kukhona uhlobo lokuthutha olungekho ngokuphelele - emanzini angaphakathi. Akukhona nje isidingo salokho.
IJapane yaxazulula kanjani inkinga yokuxhumana kwezokuthutha kweziqhingi?
IJapane ineziqhingi ezine ezinkulu nezindawo ezingu-6848. Ngalesi simo sendawo, umbuzo uvela ukuxhuma kokuthutha phakathi kwazo zonke izindawo zokuhlala zezwe. Lesi sinqumo senziwa yizicucu, ezihlala zigijima njalo phakathi kweTokyo , Osaka noKobe . Zitholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-archipelago. Amachweba amakhulu aseziqhingini yiHokkaido neKyushu. Ezinye iziqhingi zixhunyiwe yimigudu namabhuloho.
Amabhasi aseJapane
Amabhasi ayiyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthutha komgwaqo eJapane. Emadolobheni ngamunye inethiwekhi yalesi sithuthi somphakathi ihlelwe ezingeni eliphakeme. Abantu basendaweni baqondiswe kahle kulo, kepha izivakashi kufanele zikwazi amaphuzu ambalwa amqoka:
- Yonke imizila ivuliwe kusukela ngo-7: 00 kuya ku-21: 00. Izindiza ezikhonza ezindaweni ezikude zisebenza esimisweni esihlukile - kusukela ngo-5: 30 kuya ku-23: 00.
- Esimweni ngasinye kukhona isimiso sebhasi nesibonakaliso sezindiza nezinombolo zomzila. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi lolu lwazi lunikezwa ngesiJapane.
- Enye ubunzima ukungabi nenombolo yomzila kumabhasi. Uhulumeni waseJapane uyaqiniseka ukuthi igama lezindiza ebhasi, elibulawa yi-hieroglyphs, lanele.
- Kwabaningi baseYurophu, amabhasi angase abonakale engakhululekile: izihlalo ezincane nezifakiwe eziphansi. Kodwa amaJapane ngokwabo azizwa ekhululekile.
- Kufanele ukhokhele ukuhamba endleleni ekuphumeni.
- E-Tokyo, ukuhanjiswa kuyagcinwa, okungukuthi, intengo ayishintshi kuye ngokuthi inani lezimiso ozodlula. Kweminye imizi - ngokuphambene nalokho. Ithikithi ibonisa inombolo ye-stop owahlala kuyo, futhi ekupheleni komgwaqo ibhodi ibonisa ukuthi kufanele ukhokhe kangakanani.
Amabhasi ahamba phambili ahlukaniswa ngenduduzo yawo: izihlalo eziphakeme, ukuhlala emuva nezikhwama zokwelula imilenze. Ngakho-ke, izivakashi ezifuna ukulondoloza imali ehhotela, zithengela ithikithi yendiza yendiza kwenye idolobha, futhi selivele livuke endaweni entsha ekuseni.
Ukuthutha kwesitimela
Ukuthutha kwezitimela kuthandwa kakhulu eJapane, njengoba kukuvumela ukuba uhambe ngokukhululekile phakathi kwawo wonke amadolobha wezwe. Imigwaqo emikhulu yomphakathi iqhubekela phambili eningizimu nasenyakatho ye-Honshu Island. Ukwengezwa kunethiwekhi enkulu yomzila wesitimela yiyona imigwaqo eziqhingini ezinkulu zaseKyushu, eHokkaido naseShikoku. Kuze kube manje, yonke imizila emikhulu ibhekwa yimigwaqo, ngakho-ke izivakashi zihlale zikhetha ukuthi ungayithola kanjani kulolu noma kulo muzi.
Izitimela eziningi zokuhamba ngomgwaqo eJapane ziyizitimela eziphakeme kakhulu, njengoba zihamba ngokumiswa kwamagnetic. Lesi yisibonelo sokuthuthukiswa kwesitimela esisheshayo. Emigwaqweni egunyaziwe ijubane lezizitimela lifinyelela ku-200-300 km / h. Ukuhamba ngesitimela esinjalo kuzokushesha, futhi uma ufuna ukungena emahoreni ambalwa ukusuka kwelinye ingxenye yezwe kuya kwelinye, lokhu kuyindlela enhle kakhulu.
Uma ubheka ibalazwe lesimo sokuthutha eJapane, ungabona ukuthi yonke imigwaqo yesitimela ifakwe embala othile. Futhi ukuze abagibeli babe lula ngisho nokuhamba, zonke izitimela zidwetshwe emgqeni wendlela abayilandela ngayo. Intengo yetikithi isitimela eya eTokyo i-$ 1.45, ukuhamba kwezinye izinkomba kungafundwa ngaphambi kokuhamba esiteshini. Kulowo nalowo kubo kukhona ibhodi, lapho intengo ithikithi kuzwelonke lwemali kuboniswa.
Ngokuqondene ne-trams, izivakashi zihlobo olufanele kakhulu lwezokuthutha zomphakathi eJapane. Izindleko zohambo olulodwa ngu-$ 1.30, kuyilapho kulula ukuthola ukuthi isiteshi sini nokuthi iyiphi indlela oyidingayo, kunokuba ibhasi. Kodwa kunesidamu esincane kakhulu esivela eNagasaki , Kumamoto naseziqhingini zaseKyushu, eShikoku naseHokkaido.
E-Tokyo, kune- subway , okuyinto namuhla eqala emhlabeni wonke ngomgwaqo wagibeli, okungu-3.217 abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane. I-Metropolitan Metro inezintambo ezingu-13 neziteshi ezingu-285. Ubude obuphelele bamathrekhi ngu-286.2 km. Ukuhamba emgwaqweni ongaphansi komhlaba kungaba ngu-$ 1.50.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, eJapane kukhona isitimela esivumelwaneni samagnetic noma "isitimela esihamba ngezinyawo", esingasetshenziselwa ukuthutha izitimela zakudala, ngoba ayifuni emigwaqeni. Izinzuzo zale ndlela yokuthutha yanamuhla yukuthi ingafinyelela ngesivinini se-500 km / h. Kuze kube manje, izitimela ezinjalo aziklanyelwe ukuhamba komgibeli. Cishe, "izitimela ezindizayo" zizothatha umzila kuphela ngo-2027.
Ukuthuthwa kwe-Monorail
ETokyo, kukhona futhi uhlobo lwezokuthutha, imigqa yalo engahambisani nomgwaqo wesitimela kanye nomzila wesitimela. I-Monorail ineziteshi zayo ezingu-16. Izingoma zitholakala kuphela kubo. Isitimela singasetshenziswa kokubili ngaphezu kwesitimela futhi ngaphansi kwalo.
Ukuthutha kokuqala kwe-monorail kwavela ngo-1957. Izitimela zizenzekelayo ngokuzenzakalelayo, okungukuthi, akekho noyedwa ophethe i-machinist. Ukuhamba kuleli thutha kusuka ku-$ 1.35.
Qasha imoto
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zokuthutha kwezimoto eJapane , inkonzo yokuqasha imoto iyona ethandwa kakhulu. Ukuze uqashe imoto, udinga ukuba nelayisensi yomshayeli womhlaba jikelele kanye nomshuwalense waseJapan (JCI). Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunzima ukushayela imoto eJapane, njengoba umgwaqo wesokunxele usebenza ezweni. Engeza kulokhu ukungazi kahle izimpawu zomlimi nezindlela zomgwaqo, ezinye zazo zitholakala kuphela lapha. Kukhona ukuqhuma kwemigwaqo njalo emigwaqeni, futhi izindawo zokupaka zingenalutho, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuthola injabulo yokushayela lapha.
Itheksi eJapane
Itheksi eTokyo - enye yezindleko ezibiza kakhulu emhlabeni, ngakho-ke uma ufuna uhlobo oluthibhile lokuthutha eJapane, khona-ke itekisi kufanele likhishwe ngokushesha. Kuwo wonke amamitha angu-280, kuzodingeka ukhokhe u-$ 0.82, futhi wengeze u-$ 0.80 njalo emizuzwini emibili nemizuzwana engu-15. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuhlanganiswa kwemigwaqo, noma yikuphi ukuhamba kuzohlala okungenani imizuzu engu-15-20, ngakho-ke abagibeli kuzodingeka bakhokhe imali enkulu.
Kubalulekile ukwazi izici eziningana zalolu hlobo lokuthutha eJapane:
- Ukungena emotweni kulandela kuphela ukusuka ohlangothini lwesobunxele, njengoba ilungelo likhiyiwe.
- Zonke izicabha zizenzekelayo.
- Ebusuku, umshayeli wetekisi unelungelo lokunqaba ukuthatha umgibeli ngaphandle kokuchaza isizathu.
- Uma ukukhanya okuphuzi kusemotweni, khona-ke itekisi isefowuni futhi akusizi ngalutho ukuyiyeka.
Ukuthuthwa kwezindiza eJapane
Izindiza kuleli zwe zenza zokuthutha zasekhaya nasemhlabeni jikelele. Izindawo zezindiza ezinkulu kunayo yonke i- Haneda , i- Narita eTokyo ne- Kansai e-Osaka. I-Haneda iyisimo sezindiza esibi kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa ngisho nalokhu kwakungeke kukwanele eJapane elinabantu abanzi kakhulu, ngakho-ke maduzane ukuthuthwa okusha kanye nesiteshi sokuhlala sakhiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani labagibeli landa ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-420. Kukhona neziteshi ezingu-15 zama helikopter ezweni.
Kuze kube ngu-2000, amanani amathikithi ezindiza amiswe nguhulumeni, kodwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15 izindiza ezizimele zenze lokhu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungesabi ukuthi izindleko zamathikithi zisesibhakabhakeni, njengoba uhulumeni wezwe uye wagcina ilungelo lokuvotela amanani, uma edlulile.
Ukuthuthwa kwamanzi eJapane
EJapane, ukuthuthwa kolwandle kusetshenziselwa ukushaya iziqhingi ezincane eziseningizimu yeJapane. Futhi ngosizo lwama-ferries ungathola eRussia, eNingizimu Korea, e-China naseTaiwan. Kuze kube manje, kunezinguquko ezingu-108 ze-ferry eJapane. Ubude bemigwaqo buhluka emaminithini angu-25 kuya kumahora amabili nemaminithi angu-45. On the amafriji ungathatha amabhayisikili, izithuthuthu kanye nezimoto. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhamba kuzokwanda ngokulingana nesisindo sempahla.