Ukuphumelela okukhulu ekwakhiweni kwekhulu leminyaka eyedlule kwaba ukwakhiwa kwezindiza zezindiza eKansai eJapane . Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, esakhiwe emhlabathini ongenamathele, asithandi kuphela ngomlando wayo, kodwa futhi sisebenza ngokusebenzayo, ngoba yisikhumulo sezindiza esikhulu. Ake sithole ukuthi yini okwakufanele sibhekane nayo ekwakheni kwayo, nokuthi ngabe lo mgomo wawulungile yini.
I-Airport ye-Kansai yaqala kanjani?
Ngo-1960, idolobha lase-Osaka, elisendaweni yaseKhansai, kancane kancane layeka ukuthola izinsizakalo zombuso. Ngakho, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze isifunda singasuka ekuchuma sibe abampofu. Ukuze kuvikelwe lokhu, iziphathimandla zendawo zanquma ukwakha isikhumulo sezindiza esikhulukazi, okuzovumela izikhathi eziningana ukwandise umzila wabagibeli esifundeni.
Kodwa kwakungekho umhlaba wamahhala eduze nase- Osaka , kanti izakhamuzi zendawo zazingekho ngokumelene nokuzibophezela okunjalo, ngoba izinga lomsindo edolobheni lase selivele liphezu kwazo zonke izinkambiso. Ngakho-ke, ukwakha isikhumulo sezindiza samazwe angaphandle saseKhansai kunqunywe ukuqala u-5km ukusuka edolobheni, e-Osaka Bay.
Lokhu kwakuzoba ukwakhiwa okuvelele kakhulu kwekhulu, ngoba umgwaqo kanye nesakhiwo sokugcina bekufanele kwakhiwe hhayi emhlabathini oqinile, kodwa esiqhingini esikhulu. Njengokwakhiwa kwamapiramidi aseGibhithe, izigidi zabasebenzi, izigidigidi zamathani ezinhlabathi nezitshalo zekhonkolo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ezinkulu kuhilelekile.
Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, lapho abadwebi bebalula yonke imininingwane emincane kakhulu, ukwakhiwa kwaqala. Lokhu kwenzeke ngo-1987. Iminyaka emibili yaqhubeka nomsebenzi wokucwaninga ekwakhiweni kwesigodi samamitha angu-30 ukuphakama. Ngemuva kwalokho, ibhuloho emibili ehlanganisa isiqhingi kuya ezweni laqala ukusebenza. Emgwaqeni ongenhla umgwaqo ongu-6 wemoto wahlonywa, futhi ezingeni eliphansi kunemigqa emibili yesitimela. Ibhuloho labizwa ngokuthi "iSango Lasezulwini". Ukuvulwa okusemthethweni kwesikhumulo sezindiza kwenzeka ngoSepthemba 10, 1994.
Yini ephawulekayo ngezindiza ze-Kansai e-Osaka?
Izithombe ze-Kansai Airport ziyamangalisa. Futhi noma ubani owake wezwa indaba yokubukeka kwakhe okumangalisayo uyoba nokuphupha kokukubona. Isiteji, lapho isikhumulo sezindiza kanye nomgwaqo ukhona khona, yima endaweni engamamitha angu-30 wamitha yenhlabathi engenisiwe kanye ne-slabs slabs. Umgwaqo uqobo ubude ubude be-4 km, nobubanzi bawo buyi-1 km.
Ekuqaleni, abathuthukisi bahlela ukuchithwa kwemvelo encane kwesiqhingi, kodwa izinhlelo azizange zenzeke. Njalo ngonyaka, umgodla wokufakelwa wangena ngaphansi kwamanzi ngo-50 cm. Kodwa, ngenhlanhla, ngo-2003 isisindo esikhulu sejubane sehlile, futhi manje ulwandle lithatha kuphela ama-5-7 cm ngonyaka, olufakwe kwisilinganiso esihleliwe.
Ngenxa yamathemba amakhulu wokwakhiwa okunjalo, kunqunywe ukwakha umgwaqo wesibili. Kwakuxhunywe esiqhingini esiyinhloko ngebhuloho elincane, lapho izindiza zigijimela esakhiweni sesiteshi nasemuva. Ukwakhiwa komugqa wesibili, amaphutha angaphambilini ayecatshangelwe kakade, futhi kwaba nokukwazi ukulawula ukuchithwa okungalingani kwalokhu kukhonjiswa. Kuzo zonke izindawo izinzwa zombuso zifakiwe, zizwela ukuhamba kancane kwenhlabathi.
Isakhiwo sokugcina siyikhilomitha esisodwa nengxenye ubude, kodwa lokhu akuyona into esemqoka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi leli yili gumbi elilodwa elikhulu kunazozonke emhlabeni. Nakuba kunezinhlayiya eziningi nezindawo ezintathu, kodwa konke kutholakala ekamelweni elilodwa elikhulu. Esitezi phansi kukhona amathilomu amaningi, izindawo zokudla kanye nezitolo ezingenamsebenzi. Ngesibili - ukuphuma kulelo zwe, futhi okwesithathu kubhaliswa indiza futhi kukhona igumbi lokulinda.
Isikhumulo sezindiza senziwe ngensimbi nesilazi futhi sibukeka njenge-giant centipede ngenxa yemilenze eminingi-iziphephelo lapho kuqhutshwa khona indiza. Njalo ngonyaka, ukugeleza komgibeli kule siqhingi esiyingqayizivele-sezindiza kungabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi.
Ngokwengxenye yabo, abaklami bezakhiwo zezindiza bafinyeleleke "okuhle kakhulu". Emva kwakho konke, lapha, esikhungweni sezwe sokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nezivunguvungu, umklamo kumele ube namandla kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esisodwa epulasitiki. Ngokwenza njalo, kwakungenzeka ukuthola ukuthi ngabe kunjalo yini lapho kuzamazama komhlaba eKobe , lapho ubukhulu bezingcingo zazingamaphuzu angu-7. Ngemva kwesikhashana, isivunguvungu sashaya esikebheni sezindiza lapho isivinini somoya sasiyi-200 km / h. Kuzo zombili izimo, isakhiwo sasimelene nemvelo yemvelo. Lokhu kwaba umklomelo ofanelwe kahle futhi olinde isikhathi eside kubo bonke iqembu labakhi nabaqambi.
Ngakho-ke, iphrojekthi ebiza kakhulu emlandweni, izindleko ezilinganiselwa ku-$ 15 billion, zazibonakalisa ngokwayo. Kodwa-ke, akukakhokhwanga okwamanje ngenxa yokuthi izindleko zokugcina isikhumulo sezindiza esiqhingini ziphakeme kakhulu. Yingakho intengo yamathikithi ezindiza lapha izulu-phezulu futhi ngisho nokufika kwezindiza ngayinye kubiza cishe amaRandi angu-7 500. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, isikhumulo sezindiza saseKhansai sibhekene nesidingo kokubili esifundeni esincane saseJapane, nangenxa yezwe lonke.
Kuzo zonke izivakashi
Ngesikhumulo sezindiza inani elikhulu lomgwaqo womgibeli liyadlula nsuku zonke. Phakathi kwabantu abavakashela leli zwe bangabantu bezizwe ezahlukene, izinkolo nezintandokazi. Izinsizakalo zesikhumulo sezindiza zihlose ukuqinisekisa induduzo enkulu kunesivakashi ngasinye. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunezindawo zokudla ezingu-12 ezinokudla okuhlukahlukene:
- imifino;
- i-Japanese yendabuko ;
- I-European;
- i-kosher;
- Imikhiqizo ye-Halal.
Uma uhlala endaweni yokuhamba, ukuze uthathe isikhathi, ungaya esivandeni sephahla, esukela ngo-8: 00 kuya ku-22: 00. Kusuka lapha, umbono ongavamile wezilwandle nezindiza ukufika noma ukuvula kuvula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivakashi zikhona "i-Sky Museum", evulekile kusukela ngo-10: 00 kuya ku-18: 00. lapha ungafunda ngomlando wale ndawo, kanye nokubuka amafilimu mayelana nokuqaphela kokukhipha nokufika kwezindiza. Uma indiza ibambezelekile futhi ayikho isifiso sokuchitha isikhathi sonke esibulalayo, ihhotela elikhululekile likulindele, elitholile khona - Ihhotela le-Nikko Kansai Airport.
Ungangenisa ukheshi kunoma yiliphi izwe kunoma yiliphi inani, kodwa kuzodingeka ugcwalise isimemezelo uma inani lingaphezu kwe-1 million yen. Kuye ngohlobo lwemali engenisiwe, kungcono ukufunda izinga lokushintshaniswa ekhaya ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu. Ungakwazi ukushintshanisa amayunithi emali ngqo esikhumulweni sezindiza, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushintshaniswa.
Ungafika kanjani esikhumulweni sezindiza?
Ungangena esikhumulweni sezindiza futhi ubuyele ngebhasi, ngetekisi noma ngesitimela. Yonke ithrafikhi lapha idlula ibhuloho. Isikhathi sokuhamba, kuye ngokuthi ukuqala kokuhamba, kuthatha imizuzu engu-30 kuya emahoreni amabili. Amabhasi agijima lapha njalo ngemizuzu engu-30, intengo yamathikithi ayi-880 yen ($ 7.8), ifana nesitimela esisheshayo. Kodwa itekisi izobiza ama-2.5 izikhathi ezibiza kakhulu.