Izifo zekhukhamba nokuphathwa kwazo - iseluleko esiwusizo sabalimi

Kunzima ukuthola abalimi beloli abangakhula ukhukhamba. Lesi sitshalo asidingi ukudala izimo ezikhethekile, kepha ngokuvamile ngokunakekelwa okungalungile nokungahambisani nezinkinga zezinkinga ezikhulayo. Udinga ukwazi izifo zamakhukhamba kanye nokwelashwa kwazo ukuqoqa isivuno esihle semifino.

Izikhumba nezifo nokulawula

U-Ogorodnikam uyazi izifo eziningi, ezihambisana nezitshalo zemifino. Kubalulekile ukukhomba izimpawu zenkinga ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ibeka ngokuqondile ukuthi izinyathelo zizosebenza kanjani. Ochwepheshe batusa ukuba bahlole izihlahla nsuku zonke ukuze banqume izinguquko ezingenzeka.

Ikhukhamba i-Anthracnose

Isitshalo semifino ekhula endaweni evulekile ivame ukungenwa yi-anthracnose (i-honeycomb). Amahlathi e-greenhouse angagula futhi ngenxa yokunyuka komswakama. I-fungus idluliselwa yizinambuzane. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezingabonisa ukuthi i-anthracnose: izindawo ezibomvu zivela, emva kokushiya amaqabunga ephuzi kanye nokuphuka kwesitshalo, kanti izithelo zikhula ezincane futhi zinokukhubazeka.

1. Ukuvimbela ukusakazwa nokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ukunciphisa umswakama endaweni yokushisa. Ukutshala kufanele kuphathwe nge-fungicides, isibonelo, "Quadrice" noma "Abiga-Peak".
2. Ungakwazi ukubhekana nale nkinga ngokuphuza izitshalo noma izithombo ngesisombululo senhlanganisela yaseBordeaux ne-concentration ye-1%. Okokuqala, uthele inhlabathi eningi, bese usebenzisa amanzi okuphuza ukuphatha izimpande kanye nesisekelo seziqu. Esiqhingini ngasinye kumele sibe yi-1 litre of liquid.
3. Ukuze uvimbele ikhukhamba le-anthracnose, kumele ususe ngokushesha izinsalela zesitshalo, ukujula ngokujulile inhlabathi nokuphatha imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ungasebenzisa ukulungiswa "iTiram" ngokucwiliswa kwe-disinfection.

Indlela yokubhekana ne-powdery isikhutha ngamakhukhamba?

Isici esicasulayo sokuqala kwesifo yizinga eliphezulu lokushisa kwe-air, umswakama wehlisa futhi ushintsho olubukhali kulezi zikhombisi. Ukunquma i-powdery isikhutha kungenzeka ngokuthinta umbala omhlophe esihlahleni. Ngemva kwesikhashana, amaqabunga abe omile, i-fruiting izama, kanti izithelo ziqale ukukhula zikhubazekile. Kubalulekile ukwazi izifo zamakhukhamba kanye nokwelashwa kwazo, kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela:

1. Uma usula izimpawu zokuqala, faka ngokushesha izihlahla usebenzisa ama-fungicides, isibonelo, iTopsin noma i-Bayleton. Uma ukwelashwa kwamakhukhamba akusizi nge- powdery isikhutha, ukufafaza kumele kuphindwe.
2. Njengokuvimbela ekwindla, disinfect the greenhouse ngokuphatha yonke indawo nge Formalin.

I-Peronosporosis yekhukhamba

Elinye igama elivamile lesi sifo yi-downy isikhutha. Kubonakala ezimweni eziningi ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu ingenwa igciwane le- peronosporosis , futhi ngisho nesifo singakwazi ukugubha amaqabunga endala. Inkinga ibonakala kuphela emaqabungeni, lapho kuvela khona amabala ombala ophuzi, futhi ngaphansi komunye wabo ungabona umbala wombala ompunga. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene:

1. Uma kutholakala izimpawu ze-peronosporosis, ukwelashwa kwamakhukhamba ngamakhambi omuntu kungenziwa ngokupuniza ngesisombululo esilungiselelwe ngesisekelo se-hydrated lime ne-sulfate yethusi. Hlanganisa i-100 g yezinto zombili bese uhlunga ingxube ngamalitha ayi-10 wamanzi. Spray ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi phakathi kwenqubo nokuvuna kumele kudlule ubuncane besonto.
2. Ekuqaleni, ungahlanza ukutshala nge "Quadrice" noma "Strobi".

Ukubola okumhlophe ngamakhukhamba

Isifo esivame ukuvame ukwenzeka uma ukhula imifino ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ukuguqula kungathinta zonke izingxenye zesitshalo, ngisho nezithelo. Inkinga ezimweni eziningi kwenzeka ngomswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi nomoya. Izimpawu zokubola ezimhlophe zihlanganisa: ukubonakala kwezindawo ezimanzi, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kudlulele emaphethelweni afana nokubukeka koboya bekotini, ukwakheka kwekhampasi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ziqala ukufa. Ukufunda izifo zamakhukhamba nokulwa nabo, kubalulekile ukucabangela imithetho elandelayo phambi kokubola okumhlophe:

1. Uma uthola izimpawu zokuqala zenkinga, yeka ukuphuza futhi ungasebenzisi umanyolo cishe isonto. Susa amaqabunga abathintekayo futhi uphathe izindawo ezinenkinga nge-mix of chocolate kanye ne-potassium permanganate ngokufaka amanzi amancane.
2. Ukuqeda ukutheleleka, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise izixazululo zama-antiseptics, isibonelo, "I-Topaz" noma "Oxychium". Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ikhambi kufanele lifudumele. Ngemuva kwenqubo, kunconywa ukuba uvuselele ukushisa okushisa.
3. Phakathi kwezindlela ezithandwayo zokwelashwa, kukhishwa isisombululo se-serum, okuyihlaziya ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-3: 7. Ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle, kunconywa ukuthi ungeze isipuni 1 se-sulfate ethusi kuya ku-10 amalitha esisombululo.

Mosaic on ukhukhamba

Isifo esithathelwanayo segciwane lesandulela ngculazi esizibonakalisa ekuthuthukiseni kwamaqabunga kanye nokubonakala kwamabala omzimba. Ngemva kwesikhashana bahlanganiswe, ukukhula kwesitshalo sekuyeka futhi inani lezimbali liyehla. I-mosaic ejwayelekile noma ephuzi ngama-ukhukhamba ngezinye izikhathi ibonakala ngokuqhekeza isisekelo se-stem. Le mpi iqhutshwa ngokuvumelana nezinyathelo ezinjalo zokuvimbela:

1. Ukubhekana nesifo, umquba umquba wezitshalo izinyanga ezimbili.
2. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukuhlanzeka kwesayithi nokukhipha ukhula. Sebenzisa kuphela ama-substrate anenzalo noma ama-composted kuphela.
3. Phakathi nesikhathi semifino kunconywa ukuphalaza ngesisombululo se-3% se "Farmayoda-3", ucabanga ukuthi ehektheleni ngalinye kufanele kube nesisombululo se-0.3 kg.

Ukubola komsuka wamakhukhamba

Inkinga efanayo iyavame futhi ibonakala ngaphansi kwezimo ezishisayo kakhulu (ngaphansi kwe-15 ° C nangaphezulu kuka-29 ° C). Lesi sifo senzeke lapho sisela amahlumela ngamanzi abandayo, sihlwanyela isivuno semifino yonyaka endaweni eyodwa futhi sisebenzisa inqwaba yamanyolo. Ngokuvamile ukuqhubeka kwalesi sifo kubonakala ngesikhathi sehlobo sasebusika. Izimpawu zalesi sifo zihlanganisa umbala obomvu wezintambo ezimpandeni kanye nezimpande, ukuphuziza kwamaqabunga, ukugoqa ama-ovaries kanye nama-alopecia. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izihlahla ziyabuna futhi zome.

Ukuze ukwelashwa kwezimpande ze-ukhukhamba, inqubo elula iyadingeka. Okokuqala, susa umhlaba kude neziqu ngefosholo, yenza konke ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi impande. Imifucumfucu eyakhiwe, phatha ngesisombululo se-sulfate yethusi, enezela isipuni 1 ku-500 ml wamanzi, futhi ufake izipuni ezintathu. izinkezo zamapulangwe ash. Uma lokhu kungazange kusize, khona-ke isihlahla kufanele sitshalwe futhi sishiswe.

Grey ukubola ikhukhamba

Lesi yisifo se-bacteria esiqala ngezimpande bese siya esithelweni. Ukubola okubomvu kubonakala ngezinguquko ezibalulekile zokushisa, ukuphuza amahlathi ngamanzi abandayo, ukungabi khona kwezitshalo zokujikeleza kwezitshalo, umswakama ophezulu, ukusetshenziswa komthamo omkhulu wamanyolo kanye nokuphuza umoya omncane we-greenhouse. Kunemithetho eminingi mayelana nokuphathwa nokuvinjelwa kwalesi sifo:

1. Amaqabunga abathintekile kudingeka adutswe, futhi uma ukubola sekudlulile esitsheni, ufafaza izindawo ezinenkinga nge-lime noma powder-chalk powder. Faka isicelo sokushisa amalahle.
2. Uma ukubola okwempunga kutholakala kumakhukhamba kubamba lokushisa noma emibhedeni emoyeni ovulekile, khona-ke ukuchelela kufanele kumiswe.
3. Ezitolo, ungathenga imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngomumo ukuze ususe isifo se-bacterium esethuliwe, isibonelo, "Zaslon", "Bayleton" noma "Rovral."
4. Ezindlela zabantu zokulwa ne-bolsznen zihlanganisa ingxube eyomile, ehlanganisa 1 tbsp. ugoki nomlotha kanye ne-1 isipuni se-sulfate yethusi. Noma kunjalo kungenzeka ukulungisa ingxube ye-chalky ekhethiwe, ukuchitha i-powder ngamanzi ngesilinganiso 1: 1.

Ikhukhamba le-Cladosporium

Lesi esinye sezifo eziyingozi kakhulu, okubizwa nangokuthi i-brown olive spotting. Izimpawu zayo zokuqala zihlanganisa izilonda ezimanzi brown, ezingabonakali hhayi kuphela ezihlahleni, kodwa futhi nezithelo. I-Kladosporiosis yamakhukhamba kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokudweba, ukuchelela ngamanzi abandayo, izinga lokushisa lomoya ophansi kanye nomswakama onhlabathi ophezulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sifo sinamandla ezinsukwini ezingu-6-8 ukuze sonakalise isitshalo sonke nezitshalo ngokwawo. Ukuqhubeka nokutadisha izifo zekhukhamba kanye nokwelashwa kwabo okuphumelelayo, kufanelekile ukunaka ukulwa ne-cadaveriasis:

1. Kuphela ngesonto udinga ukumisa. Ngezinsuku ezifudumele, qiniseka ukuthi uvuselela ukushisa okushisa, futhi kushisa, vala, ukuze izinga lokushisa lingabe liphansi kakhulu.
2. Uma izimpawu zokuqala zivela, kunconywa ukuba ukhethe ukwelashwa nomuthi "Oxihom", ucabanga ukuthi amalitha ayishumi amanzi adinga u-20 g. Usengasebenzisa isisombululo se-1% se-Bordian liquid.

Bacteriosis yekhukhamba

Isifo se-bacterial sisakazeka ekushiseni okuphakeme nangomswakama owedlulele. On izitshalo ezincane, amabala angular avele futhi umcibisholo kubonakala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-stain aphelile, amaqabunga aphihliwe futhi aqhubekile, futhi ukukhula kwamahlumela kunciphisa. Ikhukhamba izithelo limbozwe ngamathanga, lilahlekelwa ukuma kwalo nokunambitha. Ukuqonda izifo zamakhukhamba kanye nokwelashwa kwazo, kubalulekile ukuhlala emzabalazweni nasekuvimbeleni i-bacteriosis:

1. Kulabo abanesithakazelo sokwelapha ukhukhamba ezifweni, kunconywa ukuthi basebenzise amalungiselelo amakhemikhali, ngakho-ke imiphumela emihle inikezwa yi-fungicides, isibonelo, i-Kuproksat ne-Phytolavin. Uma izihlahla zithinteka kakhulu, ke kunconywa ukuba zisuswe futhi zishiswe.
2. Ukuvimbela ama-bacterioses aphikisa amahlumela nge ukumnika kwamanisi anyanisiwe. Thatha imbiza yelitha bese uqinisa ngokuyigcwalisa ngama-husks, uthele amanzi abilisiwe bese uqhubeka izinsuku ezimbili. Ngemuva kwalokhu, hlukana futhi uphume ama-husk, bese uhlunga ukumnika ngamanzi ngesilinganiso se-1: 5. Phonsa kusihlwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10.

Ikhukhamba iqala ukubola - ukwelashwa

Lesi sifo siphinde sabizwa ngokuthi i-ascochitis noma i-black stalk rot, okuvame ukubonakala lapho ukhula ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa noma ukushisa. Ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izifo zamakhukhamba kanye nokwelashwa kwazo, udinga ukunakekelwa nezimpawu, ngakho-ke, ukutholakala kwe-stem rot kuboniswa yi: izindawo zamanzi okuqala zibe zibomvu, bese kuthi, amhlophe, amachashazi amnyama kuzo zonke izingxenye zasemahlathini, amaqabunga aphelile, nezithelo izilonda kanye nokugqwala ziyabonakala noma zishaywa ngamanzi. Ezimweni eziningi, ukubola kwempunga kubonakala entwasahlobo ngezinga eliphakeme lokukhanyisa futhi akukho ukuduma.

Kunemithetho eminingi ephathelene nokwelashwa kwe-stem rot:

1. Ukwelashwa kwamakhukhamba ku-abamba ukushisa okuvela ezifweni kumele kwenziwe nge-Bordeaux liquid 1%, ithusi sulfate (5 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 ketshezi) ngokungeziwe kwe-urea (10 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 kagesi).
2. Ukuze ususe lesi sifo samakhukhamba e-stem, gcoba nge-copper-chalk powder, uhlanganise u-choki ne-sulfate yethusi ngokulingana okulinganayo.

Izifo zamakhukhamba - isicabucabu se-spider

Enye yezinambuzane ezivame ukwenzeka lapho ukhula imifino, kokubili endaweni evulekile nasebusweni obuncithakalo. I-spider mite ihlala phansi phansi kweqabunga futhi idla ijusi yesitshalo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana ungabona amabala kanye namacwebhu. Ngokushesha uhlanza izifo nezinambuzane zamakhukhamba kungaba, uma ubona inkinga ekuqaleni, ngakho njalo hlola izihlahla. Kunezindlela eziningana zokulawula inkathazo:

1. Ungasebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa "Flumeit" noma "Envidor". Ama-agent ahlinzeka isivikelo eside futhi ayamelana nokuqhuma. Fafaza ama-sprays ezinsukwini ezingu-3-5 kuze kube yilapho inkinga iphela.
2. Phakathi kwezinhlobo zabantu zokwelapha ukuphathwa okuthandwayo kwamaqabunga ngesisombululo seseva yokuhlanza. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-tincture yarrow, i-celandine ne-dandelion.

Ukhukhamba - ukuvimbela izifo

Kukhona amathiphu amaningana azosiza ukuvimbela ukutholakala kwezifo eziningi:

1. Sebenzisa kuphela imbewu yekhwalithi, okumele ilandelwe, isibonelo, esisombululo se-potassium permanganate.
2. Ukuze ungahlakulele izifo ze-ikhukhamba endaweni evulekile, umhlaba kuphela enhlabathini kanye nekhwalithi elungiselelwe kahle.
3. Qinisekisa ukususa emibhedeni yezitshalo nezilonda. Kunconywa ukuthi ushise konke ngaphandle kwesayithi.
4. Uma uhlwanyela imifino, qiniseka ukugcina ukujikeleza kwezitshalo.