Egameni elithi "Cerberus", izingane zamaGreki zasendulo zesabisa, futhi namuhla zibiza ngokuthi unogada onamathela emthethweni. Bambalwa, ngubani owazi ukuthi leli gama laligqoke umlindi emasangweni esihogo - uhlobo olunenhlanhla lwenja enonya engakwazi ukufumbathiswa, kodwa ingahle ikhohliswe. Into eyinhloko ukuthi izidalwa ezinjalo ziyatholakala ezweni lethu!
I-Cerberus - ngubani lo?
Ubani uCerberus emlandweni wamaGreki, owaziwa abaningi, waba omunye wabalingiswa abathandwayo bamaGreek myths, ngenxa kaHercules, owahlula lesi silo esibi. Indaba yendabuko yenja yatshela umhlaba abatshela uHellas. Ososayensi banamuhla babonisa izincazelo ezimbalwa zokuvela kwegama lomgodi wokugcina:
- I-Cerberus yazalwa yizilwane uTayphon no-Echidna, inja emayelana namakhanda amathathu anethevu enobuthi. Ungavumeli abafileyo babuyele ezweni labaphilayo, labo abazama ukubalekela, badle. Ukuhlangana nezithunzi ezintsha, befika embusweni weHayidese, uhamba ngomusa umsila wakhe.
- Okuhlukile kwesibili igama - Kerber, lihambisana negama leSanskrit lenye yezinja zikaNkulunkulu u-Yama. "I-Kerberos" ihunyushwa kusukela eYurophu eyinhloko, njengokuthi "ibonakale".
- Inhlobo yesithathu yegama yiGarm, inja yokuqapha yendlu yabafileyo emacimbini aseScandinavians, izazi zezilimi ziqinisekisa ukuthi amagama angama-Indo-European amabili anezimpande ezifanayo zegama.
Ingabe ikhona i-Cerberus?
Ekucwaningweni kwezimo ezivamile, ososayensi baye bahlangana ngokuphindaphindiwe nobufakazi bokuthi kukhona inja ehamba phambili, evela ngaphansi komhlaba. Indawo:
- Ukuhlanzwa kukaDeveli, ehlathini eliseduze nePhkov.
- Indunduma ebhange lomfula waseVavsh eTajikistan.
- Amanxuwa aseBrithani, kulezo zindawo kunezinkolelo eziningi mayelana nezinja, emilonyeni yabe amalangabi aqhuma.
Izinganekwane zezingulube zaseNgilandi futhi zanikeza umbono kaConan Doyle ngenja yeBaskervilles. Ngokuqondene nezindawo zaseRussia, izakhamuzi zendawo zithi kokubili i-glade nasesigodini kukhona ukungena embusweni ongaphansi komhlaba, oqashwe yizinja ezihamba phambili. Ososayensi Abamnyama Glade bafake imishini yokulungisa ukubonakala kwe-monster. Kodwa lapho inja emnyama yeCerberus, eyayiqhuma ngemuva kwayo, yavela ngaphansi komhlaba, zonke izinzwa zanyuka ngokushesha. Isilo sasizungeze ukuhlanza, bese siphumelela kakhulu enotshini. Ngalesi simo, abantu babengenakukwazi ukuhamba endaweni ngenxa yokunganaki okungaqondakali.
Le nguqulo isithuthukile ukuthi ukunyakaza kwenja kufana nokukhanyisa ibhola, ngoba bayizimnyama. Futhi ukuduma kwezulu kuyenzeka futhi ngaphansi komhlaba, kukhona umphumela we-piezoelectric, kubonakala lapho ukukhishwa kagesi kuvela emakristini ahlanzekile enhlabathini. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani i-Cerberus yanamuhla ivela emhlabeni ngaphansi kwezinhlanhla namalamlilo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nangomphumela wokuqhuma okuncane.
Yini i-Cerberus ebukeka ngayo empilweni yangempela?
Kunezincazelo eziningana zalokho okushiwo uCerberus. Okuhlukile kakhulu: cishe amakhanda amathathu ngomsila wenyoka. Kunezinye izincazelo, lapho:
- umzimba wenja, lapho ubuna - ikhanda lezinyoka, umsila wesikhumba esikhulu.
- isiqu somuntu, futhi phezulu yinja ekhanyelayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ubamba inhloko yenkomo, ebulala ngomoya, kwelinye - ikhanda lembuzi elibhubhisa iso.
Kunezinguqulo eziningana zezinhloso eziningi ze-Cerberus. Ezinganekwane ezahlukene inamba yabo ihluka kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-100. Emikhiqizweni nemidwebo izitsha zezithombe zibonisa ukuthi uCerberus inja:
- Ubukhulu obukhulu, emsila - umlomo udrako.
- Ngamakhanda amabili nomsila wenyoka.
- Ngenhloko eyodwa, izinyoka - ziyabuna, intamo nesisu.
- Mayelana namakhanda amathathu, phakathi kwawo okungukuthi ingonyama.
I-Cerberus - Mythology
Yini eyayilinde uCerberus? AmaGreki asendulo ayeqiniseka ukuthi wayeqaphe ukungena embusweni weHayidese, lapho imiphefumulo yabafileyo yaphela khona. Ukubulala lesi silwane kwakungenzeka umuntu oyedwa - umculi u-Orpheus, owayefuna ukuhoxisa umkakhe u-Eurydice e-underworld. Kwezinye izinganekwane kuthiwa uCerberus uhlabelela bonke abasha, ngakho amaGreki anika lo oshonile ikhekhe lezinyosi, ngakho kwakungekho okungaphezu kokujabulisa umlindi wesango. UDante wabhala ukuthi esihogweni uCerberus enezinhloko ezintathu uhlushwa yimiphefumulo eyisono.
Inkolelo yedalwa esihogweni ikhuluma ukuthi wayenabo abafowabo nodadewabo:
- U-Orff, inja enezinhloko ezimbili nemisila. Waqapha izinkomo zikaGerion, uHercules wambulala.
- I-hydra Lernaean. I-monster enezinyoka eziyi-100. Wabuye wabulawa yindodana kaZeus.
- Chimera . Isidalwa esiphethwe yi-infernal enezinhloko ezintathu: ingonyama, imbuzi nenyoka. Wabhubhisa i-hero Bellerophon.
I-Cerberus neHayidese
IHayidese - umbusi wombuso wabafileyo, igama elifanayo labizwa futhi umbuso uqobo. Indodana kaKronos noRhea babusa lapho nomkakhe Persephone. UNkulunkulu wayezwa ukuthi i-Cerberus yesihogo yayiyoba ngumgcini ongcono kakhulu. Amakhanda akhe amathathu abe yisibonakaliso sesikhathi esedlule, samanje nesikhathi esizayo, okufana nenja, ehlangana futhi sithatha yonke into endleleni yayo. Umculi odumile uHomer uthe umnyango, oqapha le nja, usekude kakhulu, ngaphesheya koMfula i-Okean. Kunezinsimu ezimnyama kakhulu lapho imiphefumulo yomuntu oshonile ihamba khona.
I-Cerberus no-Heracles
Esinye seziqhumane ezinkulu kakhulu zendodana kaZeus indlela uHercules ahlula ngayo uCerberus. Ukudonsa inja ye-hellhound emhlabathini, kubantu, kwakuyisibonakaliso seNkosi King Eurystheus. IHayidese lavunyelwa okwesikhashana ukuthatha umlindi, kodwa wabeka isimo sokuthi leli qhawe lizonqoba umphikisi ngezandla zakhe. Ngaphambi kokuya endaweni yabafileyo, indodana kaZeus yaqala ukungena emangcwabeni e-Eleusinian, wakwazi ukunqoba isilo ngosizo lukaHermes no- Athena . U-Hercules wathatha lesi silo waya enkosini, ku-Mycenae, kodwa wayesaba futhi wayala ukuba abuyisele esihogweni.
Sphinx noCerberus
Izinkolelo zasendulo ziye zagcina igama lomunye umlindi oyingqayizivele - iSphinx, isihlobo senja ye-hellhound. Uma umgodla weCerberus wawusemasangweni esihogo, uSphinx wayehlala emhlabeni. Kunezinguqulo ezimbili zokuzalwa kwakhe:
- Wazalelwa nguTayphon no-Echidna. Lesi sidalwa esinobuso besifazane nesidumbu sezingonyama asivumelanga kuThebes labo abangakwazi ukuxazulula imfumbe yakhe. Wabulala abantu abanobudlova.
- Abazali i-Orf ne-Echidna. Wahlala eNtabeni iPhikhiyoni, wayebizwa ngokuthi yiFix. Wayebhekwa njengomuntu wemfihlakalo nokuhlakanipha.
I-Legend of Cerberus
Inkolelo yenja yesihogo ihlangene ngokulandelana komlando we-heroic isenzo sikaHercules, ngenxa yeqhawe, abantu bafunda ukuthi ngubani uCerberus esangweni leHayidese. Lapho indodana kaZeus ihola inja elangeni, umquba wakhe, ewela emhlabathini, waba umuthi we-aconite onobuthi, obizwa ngokuthi i-hecatina. Abacwaningi bahlale bephikisana, uHercules wafika kuphi phezulu nenja yesihogo, abalobi bamazwe ahlukene nama-eras abiza lezo zindawo:
- eduze nethempeli lika-Arthemisi eTrebene;
- emhumeni wasePoseidon eCapear;
- kufuphi Boeotia;
- esiqhingini sase-Aherusian.