Leli gama elisha lemfashini liye lavela kwezokwelapha maduzane. Yini ukuhlola ukukhulelwa? Lokhu kuyisethi yokuhlola ukucacisa noma yikuphi okungajwayelekile kwesizinda se-hormonal ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwe-fetus. Ukuhlolwa kwesikrini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwenziwa ukukhomba iqembu lezingozi zokukhubazeka okuzalwa, isibonelo, i-Down's Syndrome noma i-Edwards Syndrome.
Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ingatholakala emva kokuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwe emthanjeni, kanye nangemva kwe-ultrasound. Yonke imininingwane yenkambo yokukhulelwa kanye nezici zokuphila komama zicatshangelwa: ukukhula, isisindo, ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-hormonal, njll.
Zingaki izibuko ezenziwayo zokukhulelwa?
Njengomthetho, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa 2 ukuhlolwa okugcwele kwenziwa. Bahlukaniswa isikhathi ngamasonto ambalwa. Futhi banokungqubuzana okuncane komunye nomunye.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-trimester
Lenziwa emavikini angu-11-13 okukhulelwa. Loluhlolo olunzulu lwaklanyelwe ukunquma ingozi yokukhubazeka okungezona okubelethwe ebusweni. Ukuhlolwa kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa oku-2 - i-ultrasound kanye nokucwaninga kwegazi elimnyama okwezinhlobo ezimbili zamahomoni-b-HCG no-RAPP-A.
Nge-ultrasound, ungakwazi ukunquma isimo somzimba wengane, ukwakheka kwayo okulungile. Uhlelo lwe-circulatory yengane, umsebenzi wenhliziyo yakhe, uphenywa, ubude bomzimba bunqunywa ngokujwayelekile. Izilinganiso ezikhethekile zenziwa, isibonelo, ubukhulu bomkhuhlane wesibeletho bulinganiswa.
Njengoba ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-fetus kuyinkimbinkimbi, kusheshe kakhulu ukudweba ngesisekelo sayo. Uma kukhona ukusola kwezinkinga ezithile ezakhiweni, lo wesifazane uthunyelwa ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-trimester yokuqala kuyisifundo sokuzikhethela. Kuthunyelwa kwabesifazane abanengozini eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa izifo. Lezi zihlanganisa nalabo abazobeletha emva kweminyaka engama-35, abanabantu abagulayo abanesifo sezofuzo emndenini wabo noma abaye babhekana nokuphazamiseka nokuzalwa kwezingane ezinezinkinga ezingokwemvelo.
Ukuhlolwa kwesibili
Yenziwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwamasonto angu-16-18. Kulesi simo, igazi lithathwa ukucacisa izinhlobo ezintathu zamahomoni - AFP, b-HCG kanye ne-estirol yamahhala. Ngezinye izikhathi isibonakaliso sesine sinezelwa: i-inhibin A.
U-Estirol yi-hormone yama-steroid yesifazane eyenziwa yi-placenta. Izinga elinganele lokuthuthukiswa kwalo lingakhuluma mayelana nokuphulwa okungenzeka kokuthuthukiswa komntwana.
I-AFP (i-Alpha-fetoprotein) iphrotheni etholakalayo kuseva legazi lomama. Kukhiqizwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma kunomthelela okhulayo noma wehla amaprotheni egazini, lokhu kubonisa ukwephulwa komntwana. Ngokunyuka okukhulu kwe-AFP, ukufa komntwana kungase kwenzeke.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-chromosome pathology ye-fetus kunokwenzeka uma kunqunywa izinga le-inhibin A. Ukunciphisa izinga laleli khombisi kubonisa ukuthi kukhona okungavamile kwe-chromosomal, okungabangela isifo se-Down or Edwards syndrome.
Ukuhlolwa kwesimo semvelo ngokukhulelwa kuklanyelwe ukukhomba isifo se-Down's syndrome ne-Edwards, kanye nezinkinga ze-neural tube, amaphutha emasongweni angaphakathi kwesisu, ukukhubazeka kwezinso zomntwana.
I-Down syndrome AFP ivame ukuphansi,
Kumele kuthiwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphilayo kuveza amaphesenti angama-90 kuphela amacala we-neural tube malformations, kanti i-Down's Syndrome ne-Edwards syndrome inquma kuphela ku-70%. Okusho ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-30 emiphumela emibi engamanga futhi amaphesenti angama-10 e-positi amanga avela. Ukugwema iphutha, ukuhlolwa kufanele kuhlolwe kahle ngokuhambisana ne-ultrasound ye-fetus.