Isifo sofuba yisifo esithathelwanayo esilula ukwelashwa. Lesi sifo kulula ukuvimbela, ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokuvimbela kanye nokuxilongwa okufika ngesikhathi kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekulwa ne-bacillus ye-tubercle. Iyini i-Diaskintest futhi yimuphi indima eyidlalayo ekuxilongweni kwanamuhla - lokhu kuyisihloko salesi sihloko.
Izindlela zokuthola isifo sofuba
Isifo sofuba se-Mycobacterium noma i- stick Koch yi-bacterium yasendulo kakhulu, ezinsukwini zakudala isifo esabangelwa yi-bacterium sabizwa ngokuthi "ukusetshenziswa" kusukela ngegama elithi "ukubola". Ukugula akuphelelanga muntu: abampofu noma abacebile. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekucwaningweni kwamapiramidi aseGibhithe, ukulandelana kwezifo ezinesimo esibi kutholakala emasimini angu-6 kwangu-10 amaharahara. I-wand kaKoch izinzile kakhulu endaweni yangaphandle. Lesi sifo ngokwaso, isifo sofuba sidluliselwa ngamaconsi lapho kukhwehlela, ukuklolodela, ukukhuluma nesiguli ngefomu evulekile.
Ezweni lanamuhla, i-mycobacterium ibuye ibhubhise abantu futhi unyaka ngamunye izibalo zesifo ziyanda. Isici esibalulekile ekutholeni kokuqala, okusiza ukuqhuba ukwelashwa ngokuphumelelayo, ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba. Kuze kube manje, izindlela zokuxilonga zimi kanje:
- Ukuhlolwa okubukwayo, ukuhlonza izikhalazo.
- Imidwebo yefilimu (i- fluorography ) - eyenziwa ngama-angles amabili. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuthi amaphaphu aphethwe noma cha.
- I-tomography yekhompyutheni - indlela yesimanje ibonisa ngokunembile ukuhlelwa kwendlela yokuhlanza emaphashini.
- Isiko se-Bacteriological of sputum yindlela efundisa kakhulu, kepha kuthatha isikhathi eside, ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamabhaktheriya kuqala ngosuku lwe-20 - 60. Ukuhlwanyela kusiza ukunquma ukuzwela kwamabhaktheriya ekudleni izidakamizwa zokulwa nokulwa nesifo sofuba, okubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ukwelashwa.
- Ucwaningo lwegazi nomchamo alufundisi futhi lusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela.
- Ukuhlolwa okuqakathekileko kungabonisa ukuzwela (ukuzwela) komzimbeni esifubeni se-mycobacterium, kufaka hlangana:
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Tuberculin - eyaziwa ngokuthi ukusabela kukaMantoux ;
- ukuhlolwa okulinganiselwe i-Pirke (cishe engasetshenziswanga ngenxa yokwaziswa okuncane);
- ukuhlolwa kwesifo sofuba i-Diaskintest.
I-Mantoux noma i-Diascintest?
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo kubantwana, njalo ngonyaka, ezikhungweni zemfundo jikelele, abasebenzi bezempilo baxilonga ngokusungulwa kwe-Tuberculin engaphansi kwesiguli, okuyi-tuberculoprotein - i-filtrate ethize etholakale ekushiseni-ibulawe i-mycobacteria ye-bovine kanye nesifo sofuba somuntu. Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sofuba - ukusabela kwe-Mantoux, kuthola ngokulandela uhlobo lokusabela okweqile, kubangele ukuvuvukala nokubunjwa kwamapulethi kusayithi lokuphatha.
I-Diaskintest yigama elisha ekuxilongweni kwesifo sofuba. Ngiyiphi imithi engingayithanda? Ingabe kukhona umehluko futhi yiziphi izinzuzo zalokhu noma leyo ndlela yokuxilongwa? Ukuze siqonde lokhu, sidinga ukucabangela izici zendlela zombili:
- I-Tuberculin iyilungiselelo lemvelo elibangela ukusabela okwezinye izifo. Isivivinyo seMantoux sihlolwe emva kwamahora angu-72. Ukungahambi kahle kwalendlela kubhekana nokuphendula okungamanga kaningi, okusho ukuthi akusho ukuthi kukhona i-mycobacterium emzimbeni. Ukwehla kakhulu kwesidakamizwa nakho kuyiphutha.
- Iyini i-Diaskintest ngokuphambene neT Tuberculin? Lesi yisidakamizwa sokwenziwa. Indlela yokuphatha ifana neT Tuberculin, isampuli nayo ihlolwe emva kwamahora angu-72. Ukusabela okwehliswayo kwenzeka kuphela uma kwenzeka umsebenzi we-mycobacterium isifo sofuba emzimbeni uma kunezifo noma ukutheleleka okuyisisekelo, okungenjalo kungadluli kulolu sifo. Kweminye i-mycobacteria engabangeli isifo sofuba, ngeke kube khona ukusabela ngendlela ye-edema nama-papules, ngokungafani ne-tuberculin.
I-Diaskintest - ukwakheka kokulungiselela
Lapho ukhetha indlela yokuthola isifo sofuba ngesindlela esisha, abazali banemibuzo ejwayelekile: yiyiphi isidakamizwa se-Diaskintest, siyini ukubunjwa kwayo, ingabe ingenziwa ingane encane ukuze ihlolwe? Uma sibheka eduze kweDiaskintest, ukwakheka kokulungiselela ngesilinganiso esingu-0.1 ml kanje:
- amaprotheni aphindaphindiwe CFP 10-ESAT6 - 0.2 μg - into esemqoka esebenzayo;
- i-potassium phosphate i-monosubstituted;
- i-sodium dihydrogen phosphate;
- i-chloride ye-sodium;
- i-phenol;
- i-polysorbate 80;
- amanzi for injection.
I-Diaskintest kanjani?
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Diaskintest yesifo sofuba sokuxilongwa kunqunywe udokotela oneminyaka engangonyaka owodwa. Inqubo kufanele ibe ngumhlengikazi oqeqeshiwe noma ophazamisekile abavunyelwe kuloluhlolo. Ama-syringes ase-tuberculin asetshenziselwa izinaliti ezincane ezincane ezine-oblique cut. Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwesidakamizwa, usuku lokukhishwa kanye nosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kufanele luhlolwe.
I-Technique yenqubo. Isiguli sihlala phansi, khona-ke ubuso be-forearm buphathwa ngesisombululo se-aseptic (70% i-ethyl alcohol), kanti uhlaka olungaphezulu lwesikhumba ludonseleka futhi lufana nombuso walo, umhlengikazi ubangela u-0.1 ml wezidakamizwa. Ebonakalayo, umbala omhlophe (7-10 mm) ukhiwa esikhumbeni. Ngemuva kwe-diaskintest, isimo sesiguli sigcinwa imizuzu engu-10, ukuze ugweme izinkinga.
Kungenzeka yini ku-Diaskintest emanzi?
Isivivinyo se-Diaskintest esithatha isikhundla se-Mantoux siphumelele kakhulu, kepha imithetho iyafana. Indawo yokugoma kufanele igcinwe eyomile emahoreni angu-72, ukuxhumana namanzi kungabangela ukutheleleka futhi kuthuthukise ukusabela kokugula. Uma umuthi wokugoma usemanzi, lokhu kumele kwatshelwe udokotela. Uma kukhona i-hypermia eqinile ngemuva kokuxhumana namanzi, udokotela ubeka ukuhlolwa kabusha ukuze uthole umphumela onokwethenjelwa.
I-Diaskintest - ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela
Iyini i-Diaskintest ngokuhlola okuhle noma okungalungile kwemiphumela, yiziphi izinkomba ezicatshangelwayo ekuxilongweni? Umphumela wokuhlolwa kulinganiselwa emva kwezinsuku ezintathu (amahora angu-72). Udokotela noma umhlengikazi usebenzisa umbusi obala ukuze ahlole ubukhulu obungapheliyo bomswakama kanye nokungena ngaphakathi, uma kukhona. I-hyperemia icatshangwa kuphela uma kungekho ukungena ngaphakathi. Lapho i-Diaskintest iqhutshwa, umphumela uhlolwe ngokusekelwe ezimisweni ezibekwe yiMnyango WezeMpilo futhi ungenwe ephepheni lokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.
I-Diaskintest ijwayelekile
I-Diaskintest - evamile kubantwana noma isibonakaliso senhlalakahle nokungabikho kwe-mycobacterium engenawo umzimba emzimbeni kungukungabikho kokuphendula ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Uma emva kwamahora angu-72 ukuphendula kungalungile, ke akukho nqubo esebenzayo yezifo noma ukutheleleka nge-bacillus ye-tubercle emzimbeni, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa okungeziwe ngudokotela akunikezwa, ingane ingaya ezifundeni jikelele zemfundo.
I-Diaskintest engalungile
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sofuba ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Diaskintest kufundisa kakhulu, ukunemba kwayo kungu-90%. Ngesivivinyo esingalungile, akukho ukungena kanye ne-hypermia endaweni yokujova, kodwa kwezinye izimo, umphumela we-lemon crust ungabonwa, njengendlela yokusabela ngokugodla okungenani okungaphezu kwe-2 mm. Ukusabela okungaqiniseki (umphumela omuhle wamanga) - i-hyperemia ayithathwa njengokujwayelekile, udokotela unikezwa ukuxilongwa okungeziwe, noma isingeniso esiphindwayo se-Diaskintest ngemva kwesikhathi esithile.
I-Diascintest enhle
Ukuba khona kwe-bacillus ye-tubercle emzimbeni kubonisa ushintsho esikhumbeni endaweni yomjovo: kukhona i-hypermia ejulile nokungena ngaphakathi. Ukuhlukunyezwa okuhle kwengane kuhlolwe ngokwemigomo elandelayo:
- ukusabela okuhle - ukungenelela (ukuphinda) kwanoma yisiphi isayizi;
- ukusabela okubuthakathaka okuhle - i-papule kuze kube ngu-5 mm;
- ukulinganisela okuhle - uphaphele kufika ku-9 mm;
- ivezwe - 10 - 14 mm;
- i-hyperergic - kusuka ku-15 mm.
I-Diaskintest - imiphumela emibi
Umzimba womuntu ungumuntu ngamunye, ngakho-ke ukusho lokho, ngeke kube nemiphumela emibi - akunakwenzeka. Isidakamizwa se-Diaskintest sinobuthi obuphansi futhi asivamile ukudala imiphumela emibi emzimbeni, kodwa yilezi:
- ukushisa okuncane kakhulu kusihlwa;
- ukusabela okweqile (ukuvuvukala kwe-nasopharyngeal mucosa, i-dyspnea, ukuphindwa kabusha kwesilonda saso, ukushayela endaweni yokujola, okungajwayelekile emzimbeni wonke);
- ukulinganisela okulinganiselwe kwekhanda;
- kubantu abadala, izinguquko zengcindezi zingenzeka;
- Ukusabela okungahambi kahle kuyisenzo esithintekayo kakhulu ku-Diaskintest, kwenzeka ngokuzimela komuntu ngamunye kwizingxenye zomuthi. Ukubonakala ngokomzimba ekubunjweni okungena ngaphansi kwe-15 mm, isikhumba sishaywe, izilonda zakhiwa, ama-lymph nodes entanyeni, izimpumputhe zivutha. Ukusabela okungahle kwenzeke kungaba yisibonakaliso somsebenzi wenqubo yokuzikhukhumeza emzimbeni, ukuhlolwa okungafani nakakhulu kuyadingeka.
I-Diaskintest - ukuphikisana
Noma yisiphi isidakamizwa sinokuphikisana futhi i-Diaskintest ayikho into ehlukile. Ukuxilongwa kwezidakamizwa kuyaphikisana namacala alandelayo:
- ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa izikhungo ezifundisayo jikelele;
- emva kwezifo ezidlulisiwe ezinyangeni ezintathu;
- ukuzivikela okubuthakathaka;
- izifo ezithathelwanayo nezifo;
- isithuthwane ku-anamnesis;
- ukuzwela okwedlulele kumntwana weDiskintest noma umdala omdala wezidakamizwa akusethiwe;
- izifo zesikhumba esigabeni sokuqeda (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis ).
I-Diascintest kubantu abadala
Izivivinyo zesifo sofuba Abantu abadala be-Diaskintest banqunywe ngemuva kwemiphumela engaqondakali ye-fluorography, ukuhlaziywa okungalungile kanye nezimpawu ezithile (ukukhwehlela, ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes) njengesici esengeziwe sokuxilongwa. Emiphumeleni, ubukhulu be-papule abuyena indima eqinile, uma ikhona, kubonisa ukuthi ukuxhumana ne- mycobacterium yesifo sofuba kwenzekile futhi imvelo isendaweni esebenzayo yesifo noma esanda kugciwane.