Uhlelo lwezinzwa luyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke emzimbeni womuntu, noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwalo kuphazamisa impilo nokusebenza kwezitho ezithile noma izingxenye zomzimba. Uma i-vagus nerve isithintekile, umphumela ungase ube "isixha" sezifo nezifo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona izinkinga ngesikhathi futhi ngokufanele ukwenze ukwelashwa.
Uphi i-vagus nererve?
Ezwa umbono "wezinzwa ezidukayo", abaningi banesithakazelo sokuthi kungani kuthiwa. Ezincwadini zesayensi ngencazelo yale nerve ingatholakala igama elithi "AmaVagus", elisuka ku-vagus yesiLatini - "ukuzulazula, ukuzulazula". Leli gama linikezwe ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo sezinzwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, sine-branching eminingi, esakazeka emzimbeni womuntu wonke.
Amagagasi avela ku-skull, ku-medulla oblongata. Ukudlulisa izicubu zentanyeni, ngokusebenzisa isifunda se-thoracic, igxila enhliziyweni nasemaphaphini, bese wehla ngaphakathi kwesikhala esiswini, emathunjini nezinye izitho zesikhala esiswini. I-nerving nerve iyingxenye yezimbili eziyishumi nambili zezinzwa ezisuka ku-brainstem, futhi inombhalo we-ordinal X (10).
I-nerring ejikelezayo yiyona nerve enkulu kunazo zonke, i-multifunctional futhi iqukethe ama-secretory, ama-motor and sensitive fibers. Ukusebenza kwe-vagus kunikeza ukucabanga okuningi, imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba. Yonke imisebenzi yakhe ixhunywe nesistimu yezinzwa ezizimele. Nasi uhlu olungaphelele lwezenzo nezinqubo ezilawulwa yi-vagus nerve, ekhombisa ukubaluleka kwayo:
- umsebenzi wesistimu yokuphefumula;
- ukugwinya isenzo;
- inkulumo;
- gag reflex;
- ukukhwehlela;
- ukusebenza komzimba wenhliziyo;
- umsebenzi wesisu, njll.
Ukuguqulwa kwesibindi - ukuxilongwa
Uma usola ukwephulwa kwe-plexuses ye-nerve yekhanda yeshumi, kuyadingeka ukwazi indlela, izimbangela kanye nezinga layo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-neurologist ichaza izifundo eziningi zezinsimbi, ezingafaka phakathi: i-computer noma i-imagination magnontic resonance ye-brain (i-MRI ye-vagus nerve), ukuhlola i-x ye-skull ne-thorax, i-electrocardiogram nezinye izici. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, lochwepheshe usebenzisa amasu alandelayo ukuze abone izidakamizwa futhi ahlole izinga lawo:
- Hlola umsindo wezwi nokuhlanzeka kokubiza amagama;
- ukuzimisela uhlobo lokunciphisa i-palate;
- ukuhlolwa kwezingqungquthela ze-palatine ne-pharyngeal;
- ukuhlola umsebenzi wokugwinya;
- Ukutadisha i-larynx ngosizo lwe-laryngoscope, njll.
Ukuguqula izinzwa - izimpawu
Njengoba kunikezwe ububanzi bemisebenzi, ukunqotshwa kwe-vagus nerve kuthinta umsebenzi wezinhlelo eziningi nezitho. Lezi zifo zibangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezicubu, izinambuzane, ukungenelela kokuhlinza, ukufaka ushevu ngezinto ezinobuthi, izifo, izifo ezinzima ezihlala njalo. Izimpawu zesifo se-vagus nerve ikakhulukazi zinqunywe yiqiniso lokuthi isayithi lakhe laphulwa. Cabanga ngemibonakaliso emitholampilo ngokuya endaweni:
Isifunda se-Cranial:
- ikhanda elihlelekile;
- ukuzwa okungahambi kahle endaweni yangasese-endlebeni, emgodini wangaphandle wokuhlola;
- ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
Indawo yomkhumbi:
- ukugwinya ukugwinya;
- shintsha isiqu somsindo, sishaye;
- ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi wokukhuluma;
- ubunzima bokuphefumula;
- ukuzwa kwe-coma emqaleni.
3. UMnyango weTrarac:
- ukukhathazeka ngemuva kwe-sternum;
- ubunzima bokuphefumula;
- ukuqina kwe-reflex yokukhwehlela;
- i-palpitation.
4. Isisu:
- ukungakhululeki esiswini;
- ukuhlanza;
- ukuqotshwa noma isifo sohudo.
Ukuvuvukala kwe-vagus nerve - izimpawu
Ukuvuvukala kwe-vagus, okuvame ukutheleleka noma okuyingozi, kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nomonakalo kwamanye ama-cranial trunks. Ukuvuvukala kwe-vagus nerve kubonakala ngezibonakaliso ezihlukahlukene, eziyinhloko zazo ezibalwe ngenhla. Qinisekisa ukuthi unake izibonakaliso ezifana nalezi:
- ukubonakala kwezwi elimsindo (ngaphandle kwemakhaza);
- kunzima ukugwinya ukudla;
- ukuzondwa, okuyinto ezinye iziguli ezingazinaki esigabeni sokuqala sesifo.
I-Tonus ye-vagus nerve - izimpawu
Ngaphansi kwezwi le-pair of craneal nerve plexuses kuqondwa isimo esinjalo lapho izinqubo ezijwayele ukuguquguquka zinikezwa emzimbeni ngokuphendula izinguquko emvelweni, imithwalo yemvelo nengokomzwelo. Iphimbo le-vagus nerve linikeza izinga lokuphila ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Uma ithoni ingavamile, lokhu kuboniswa ukwanda kancane kwe-pulse ngenkathi kuphefumulelwe futhi kuncipha ekuphumuleni, okubaluleke kakhulu kwemizwa ejabule. Abantu abane-index ye-tonal ephansi babe nomoya omubi, umuzwa wesizungu, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Intukuthelo yesifo sezinzwa - izimpawu
I-nerring erring can irritated ngenxa yokuphoqa ngenkathi ukucindezelwa izitsha noma neoplasms entanyeni, esifubeni, futhi ezingavamile - ngaphakathi kwekhanda. Ifomu elihlukile le-lesion yi-neuralgia ye-upper laryngeal nerve - elinye lamagatsha wesigxoke seshumi sezintambo zomzimba. Cishe, isisekelo se-pathology yi-entrapment ye-vagus nerve lapho idlula nge-membrane ye-hypothalamus. Kulesi simo, kunezinhlekelele ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokudla futhi zibhekwa yi:
- ubuhlungu ngokungazelelwe ku-larynx ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi;
- ukukhwehlela okunamandla;
- ubuthakathaka jikelele;
- isimo sokuphelelwa yisikhathi.
Ukucasuka kwe-vagus nerve kungaholela ekunyuseni komsebenzi wezinhlayiya ze-endocrine, ngokuphathelene nokuthi yiyiphi ijusi eliyinkimbinkimbi yesisu nesiphuzo elikhiqizwayo. Mhlawumbe ukwanda okukhulu emathunjini emathunjini, okuyinto ephazamisa kakhulu ukugaya nokufaniswa kokudla. Lapho umsebenzi wezinzwa wehliswa noma ukukhubazeka kwenzeka, ukuphendula okuguquguqukayo kubonakala emisebenzini yesistimu yokugaya ukudla.
Ukuguqula izinzwa kanye nokuhlelwa kwemithi
Ukuphulwa kokuvamile noma imvamisa yesigqi senhliziyo ngezinye izikhathi kuhlotshaniswa ne-pair of neva, futhi kulokhu i-arrhythmias ihlukaniswa njenge-carotid neurogenic. Ithonya le-vagus nerve enhliziyweni landa ebusuku, emva kokudla nokusebenza komzimba. Iziguli zihlaselwa ubuhlungu enhliziyweni, zihambisana nokwesaba ukufa, ukujuluka, isiyezi. Le nerve ibangela i-bradycardia, i-tachycardia, i- extrasystole .
Ukwelashwa kwe-vagus nerve
Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqondile indlela yokwelapha i-vagus nererve, lokhu kunqunywa uhlobo nokukala kwesilonda, uhlu lweziphambeko nokubonakaliswa. Lo mbuzo kufanele uphathwe kuphela ngumchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kunqunyelwe ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa ngokuqokwa:
- i-corticosteroids ;
- amavithamini weqembu B;
- anticholinesterase izidakamizwa.
Ngezibonakaliso ezinzima, ukugqugquzelwa kwesibindi se-vagus kunqunywe ngezimpawu zokugesi, kwenziwa umsebenzi. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, iziguli kudingeka zikwazi ukuzolalisa i-vagus nerve ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa yedwa, noma indlela yokuvimbela ukukhushulwa. Ukuze i-vagus nererve ingabangeli ukuhlela, kunconywa ukuthi:
- ukubambezeleka ekuphefumuleni;
- ukukhwehlela;
- ukucwiliswa kobuso emanzini abandayo;
- ukuhlanza indawo yentamo.